On February 24th, the 21st year of Guangxu reign (1895), Li Hongzhang held talks with Japanese Prime Minister Hirofumi Ito and Foreign Minister Luozongguang in Chunfanlou, Shimonoseki. During the negotiations, Japan extorted money, and all the terms put forward only allowed Li Hongzhang to say "yes or no", and constantly threatened to resume the war and attack Beijing. On March 23, Li Hongzhang was forced to sign the treaty. The treaty has 1 1 paragraphs, including additional agreements and special provisions on negotiations. The main contents are as follows: 1. China recognizes North Korea's "complete independence"; 2. China ceded the whole island of Taiwan Province Province and all its affiliated islands, Penghu Islands and Liaodong Peninsula to Japan; 3. Compensation for Japanese military expenditure of 22,000 kuping silver; 4. Open Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as trading ports. Japanese ships can sail along inland rivers to pick up passengers, and the Japanese government can set up consular officers; 5. Japanese subjects can set up factories and import machines at will in the trading port city of China, and only pay import tax. All Japanese goods made in China are exempt from all kinds of miscellaneous taxes, and all Japanese goods can be stored in piles. Six, the exchange of prisoners, China immediately released the Japanese military spies or Japanese subjects suspected of being arrested. On the eighth day of April, the Qing government approved the treaty of humiliating the country. On April 14, China and Japan exchanged instruments of ratification in Yantai, and the treaty of shimonoseki came into effect.
Taiwan Province is a democratic country.
After the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, the news that the Qing government ceded Taiwan Province Province spread to Taiwan Province Province, which aroused great indignation of the people in Taiwan Province Province. They said they would defend Taiwan Province Province to the death. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), on April 24th, the Qing government sent Li to Taiwan Province Province for delivery, and ordered officers and men of Taiwan Province Province to cross the border, forbidding mainland soldiers and civilians to support Taiwan Province Province in the War of Resistance. Taiwan Province military and civilians are determined to save themselves independently. With the mobilization of gentry in Taiwan Province Province such as Qiu, the people of Taiwan Province Province announced the establishment of "Taiwan Province Democracy" on May 2, and elected Tang as president, Qiu as vice president and commander-in-chief, Liu Yongfu as democracy general, Chen Qitang as foreign minister, Yu Mingzhen as interior minister, military affairs minister, Lin Weiyuan as speaker of the House of Representatives (going to Xiamen the next day), Huang Huqi as the national flag, and the title as "forever". The establishment of "Taiwan Democratic State" is a patriotic action taken by the people of Taiwan Province Province to defend the sacred territory of the motherland under special historical conditions. On May 1 1 day, Japanese troops captured Keelung. 12, a mutiny occurred in the presidential palace of a "democratic country", and Tang fled back to the mainland in disguise. /kloc-on 0/5, the Japanese army invaded Taipei and the "Taiwan Democratic State" was defeated.
Kang Youwei wrote to Emperor Guangxu for the third time.
Shortly after "Writing on the Bus", Kang Youwei was admitted to Jinshi, and he was appointed as the director of the Ministry of Industry. On May 6th, the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), he wrote to Emperor Guangxu for the third time, proposing the steps of political reform and the supplementary explanation of the contents of Zhao Che. The book points out that the strategy of self-improvement and revenge is to enrich the country, support the people, teach pastors and train soldiers. The first three strategies have been found in On the Bus. As for training, the methods put forward in this letter are as follows: 1. sink the redundant soldiers and go forward bravely; Second, launching the militia should always stand firm; Third, practicing flag soldiers is full of vibration; Fourth, put forward new systems and excellent tools; Fifth, broaden the school gate and practice talents; Sixth, the thick navy is outside Weihai. This paper was handed over to Guangxu, who attached great importance to it after reading it, and ordered the cabinet minister to copy three copies, one for Cixi, one for Qing Palace and one for provincial governors and generals.
Taiwan Province Province Handover Document Concluded by China and Japan.
In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), on April 24th, Emperor Guangxu appointed Li as the extraordinary and plenipotentiary representative to negotiate with Japan on the delivery of Taiwan Province Province. On 26th, civil and military officials of Taiwan Province Province, large and small, crossed the border one after another. On May 10, Li and American consultant Costa arrived outside Keelung Port under the escort of Japanese ships. On the Japanese ship, they met with Yuji Huashan, the governor-general of Japan and Taiwan, issued a "list" of ceding the whole island of Taiwan Province Province and all its affiliated islands and the Penghu Islands, and signed the backup document of Taiwan Province Province. Taiwan Province Province fell into the hands of Japanese invaders.
Kang Youwei wrote to Emperor Guangxu for the fourth time.
In the twenty-first year of Guangxu (1895), on the eighth day of May, Kang Youwei wrote to Emperor Guangxu for the fourth time, stating in more detail the "reasons for the twists and turns of political reform". The letter once again called on Guangxu to "respect the sages and honor the merits, protect the people and be close to the people", so that the feelings must be passed on and used. Then, the specific measures of by going up one flight of stairs and recruiting talented people are put forward: first, asking for characters by imperial edict; Second, open the door to discuss; Third, the museum consultant; Fourth, run a newspaper to reach a cluster; Fifth, open the government to break ground. The fourth petition formally put forward the idea of establishing a hospital and actively demonstrated the necessity of establishing a hospital. However, the petition was rejected by the die-hards and failed to be reached.
China and Russia conclude "4% loan contract"
After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing government paid reparations to Japan through foreign debts. In order to seize the rights and interests of aggression, Russia took the opportunity to intervene and repay the credit of Liao country, but because of lack of financial resources, it joined forces with France as a creditor. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), on May 14th, Xu Jingcheng, the Qing Dynasty's envoy to Russia, and Dong, a Russian banker, signed a "Four-Li Loan Contract" in St Petersburg (now Leningrad), with 19 articles and a "Four-Li Loan Statement Document" attached. Terms: The total loan is 400 million francs, of which 1 100 million gold rubles (about10.2 billion silver) will be shared by 4 Russian banks and 6 French banks; The annual interest rate is 4%, discounted at 941/8 (94.125%); Pay it off in thirty-six years, with customs duties as a guarantee. If the principal and interest payable cannot be repaid at maturity, other income insurance shall be provided to Russia. Because this paragraph was borrowed from Russia and France, it is also called "Russian-French foreign money". With this loan, the Russian-French group can get involved in the customs management in China.
Triple intervention
In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, and the Qing government ceded Liaodong Peninsula to Japan. Russia believes that monopolizing northeast China is a direct threat, so on March 23rd, the day when treaty of shimonoseki was signed, it formally suggested to the French and German governments that the three countries jointly advised Japan to abandon Liaodong Peninsula or take joint military action against Japan. On March 29th, the ministers of the three countries in Japan, on the orders of their respective governments, sent a note to the Japanese government, demanding that it return Liaodong Peninsula and give a reply within a time limit. The navies of the three countries appeared in the Sea of Japan at the same time, and there was a tendency to meet each other late. Britain and the United States do not want Japan's excessive expansion in China, but also advise Japan to accept the demands of the three countries. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japan was very tired and unable to deal with the Three Kingdoms, so it decided to make concessions to the Three Kingdoms. On April 1 1, the Japanese Emperor announced that he would accept the proposal of the Three Kingdoms and return it to Liaodong Peninsula in China, but proposed that China should pay a considerable amount of compensation. On the second day of September, the three countries reached an agreement with Japan, and China compensated the "Liao redemption fee" of 32 million yuan; Within three months from the date when China paid the above sum, the Japanese army withdrew from Liaodong Peninsula. On September 22nd, Li Hongzhang signed a reconciliation treaty with Japanese Ambassador to China Lin Dong. Since then, the three countries took credit for intervening in the return of Liao, forcing the Qing government to grant privileges such as renting military ports, building railways and mining mines. Russia took the opportunity to rapidly expand its aggression in northeast China.
Taiwan Province military and civilians recovered Yunlin.
In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), on July 13th, the Japanese invaders invaded Yunlin, and the next day they invaded Dapulin. Yang Sihong and Zhu Naichang led an ambush. With the cooperation of Huang Rongbang, Lin Yicheng, Jane Chenggong and Jane Essence, they defeated the Japanese army, killed hundreds of people and recovered the Dapu forest. Both Yang Sihong and Zhu Naichang were killed. On behalf of Yang Sihong, Xiao Sanfa commanded the former enemy Black Flag Army, and Jane succeeded in the Presidential Rebel. The Japanese army was defeated on land and dispatched more than ten warships to attack Haikou, Tainan. Traitors and bandits reacted foolishly. Liu Yongfu carried out Lian Zhuang Law, denounced traitors and bandits, and the local government gradually calmed down. On July 16, Liu Debiao led a Seven-Star Team, joined with 2,500 rebels from Huang Rongbang, 3,000 rebels from Linyi City and thousands of rebels from Jianjing to conquer Yunlin County. The Japanese army abandoned the city and fled, and Wang Debiao and the insurgents pursued it. A Japanese army rushed into the mountains and was surrounded by Lin Yicheng. 18, Xiao sanfa ordered the armies to continue their pursuit, and the Japanese army retreated into changhua city after defeat. Wang Debiao and various rebel forces surrounded Changhua, and the Japanese artillery defended themselves and dared not go to war. In August, the Japanese counterattack caused heavy casualties in Taiwan Province Province, and Yunlin and Dapulin fell again.
China and Japan signed the Colonial Treaty of Southern Liaoning.
According to treaty of shimonoseki, Japan occupied Liaodong Peninsula. After the intervention of Russia, France and Germany, Japan agreed to return it, but demanded a considerable "redemption fee". On May 10th, the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), the Qing court appointed Li Hongzhang and Wang Wenshao as plenipotentiaries, and reached an agreement with Japanese Ambassador to China Lin Dong. On September 22nd, Li Hongzhang and Lin Dong signed the Sino-Japanese Treaty on the Return of South Toyota, commonly known as the Sino-Japanese Treaty on Southern Liaoning, which consists of six paragraphs with the terms of the agreement attached. Main contents: The Qing government "redeemed" Liaodong Peninsula with a huge indemnity of 32 million taels of silver, and the Japanese army withdrew from Liaodong Peninsula within three months after the indemnity was paid.