Wu Zhangyuan has been recorded in history by Zhuge Liang and is well known to the world. Because Zhuge Liang makes many people curious about Wuzhangyuan, I want to come here to see what kind of place this is. In fact, Zhang Wu is just an ordinary loess plateau, not a "loess plateau", and its area is not large. It is 3.5 kilometers long from north to south, 1 km wide from east to west and nearly 50 feet high. The terrain is dangerous, commanding, and the field of vision is broad. It has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. This is the record of Wu in Song Dynasty and the explanation of Zi Zhi Tong Jian.
There are always different opinions about the origin of Wu's name. First, because its height began to be called "Wuzhangyuan", it gradually spread to Wuzhangyuan. As for the altitude, the original altitude of Zhang Wu is about 750 meters, while the average altitude of Guanzhong Plain is about 500 meters, which means that the original altitude of Zhang Wu is about 200 meters in Guanzhong Plain, which is basically the same as "50 feet" after conversion;
Another way of saying it is that the original terrain of Zhang Wu is wide in front and narrow in back, and the narrowest part is only five feet, hence the name; There is also a saying that when Hu Hai, Qin Ershi, came here westward, there was a strong wind blowing on the ground, which rolled up a five-foot-high loess dust column (which is what we call a tornado in modern times), so people later called it Wuzhangyuan.
So, where is Wuzhangyuan?
Bird is located in the west of Guanzhong Plain, and now it belongs to Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. During the Three Kingdoms period, it was under the jurisdiction of Meixian County, a neighboring province (now Meixian County, Baoji City). Bird backs the Qinling Mountains and faces the Weihe River, 40km west of Baoji and 20km east of Xi/kloc-0. The steep slopes in the east, west and north are all blocked by rivers, followed by ancient roads that slant into the middle of Sichuan. At that time, Zhuge Liang occupied the commanding heights of Wuzhangyuan and confronted Sima Yi for several months, while Sima Yi stood firm in the fortress on the south bank of Weihe River and waited for an opportunity. Finally, Zhuge Liang was at his wit's end and ran out of food and grass, so he went out with oil and lamps and devoted himself to Wuzhangyuan.
Wuzhangyuan, as Zhuge Liang's last place to fight, failed to capture Chencang in five northern expeditions before his death and finally died here. In order to commemorate Zhuge Liang, later generations built his cenotaph and ancestral hall in Wuzhangyuan. He died in Wuzhangyuan, but he didn't want to be buried here. He left a will and was buried in Dingjun Mountain a hundred years later, so the Shu army transported Zhuge Liang's body back to Hanzhong. The tomb of Wuhou preserved in Dingjun Mountain is Zhuge Liang's final destination.
There are many tombs and temples of Zhuge Liang all over the country, and Wuzhangyuan and Zhuge Liang have the deepest roots and the greatest influence. The history of Zhuge Liang Temple in Wuzhangyuan was recorded in the Yuan Dynasty. Guo Sigong, director of the Central Committee of the Yuan Dynasty, left a written record that "this temple has been in existence for more than a thousand years since the Han Dynasty". Guo Sigong's duty is to inspect places and supervise the management of officials. He once visited Zhuge Liang Temple in Wuzhangyuan.
Zhu Duo, another scholar in Yuan Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Nostalgia for the Past in Wuzhangyuan": "The temple remains forever, but the clouds remain." Although this poem can't be used as historical data, it also confirms Guo Sigong's credibility that it has been more than a thousand years since the Han Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty only lasted for more than 700 years, and Guo Sigong's words as an official should be well-founded. Therefore, later generations speculated that Zhuge Liang Temple in Wuzhangyuan existed at the end of the Three Kingdoms.
On the other hand, it is speculated that Zhuge Liang has a very high reputation both among the people and in the eyes of rulers of past dynasties. After his death, the local people demanded that a temple be built to offer sacrifices, and the rulers also offered sacrifices to Zhuge Liang. Chen Shou, the author of 755-79000, is a "loyal fan" of Zhuge Liang. He collected 24 works by Zhuge Liang, compiled them into the History of the Three Kingdoms, and reported them to Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty.
During the dinner, Chen Shou said that Zhuge Liang "teaches by example, which conforms to the times;" His just and loyal heart.
The most convincing speculation is that Zhuge Jin, the grandson of Zhuge Liang, built a temple to worship his ancestors, and Zhu Gejin was the second son of Zhuge Zhan. After the reunification of the Three Kingdoms, he became an official in the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin and served as the magistrate of Jixian County. At that time, Zhang Wu was the jurisdiction of Jixian County. Zhu Gejin was praised for his outstanding achievements in governing Meixian County. Later, he was promoted to Jiangzhou (now Chongqing) secretariat. As an official in Huan County, he is likely to build a temple in Wuzhangyuan where his grandfather died of illness. Therefore, future generations speculated that Zhuge Liang Temple was probably built in Wuzhangyuan during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Of course, these are speculations, because no physical evidence has been found so far.
At present, most of the ancient buildings in Zhuge Liang Temple in Zhang Wu were built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, and there are many cultural relics such as inscriptions, plaques and inscriptions. Among them, the most precious are 40 stone carvings embedded in the inner wall of the Fairy Hall, among which Zhuge Liang's "ZhuGeLiangShouShu" written by Yue Fei during the period of "Historical Records" by Zhuge Liang is all among them. Yue Fei is both civil and military, and his calligraphy is unique. His brushwork is vigorous and powerful, and the stone carvings next to it are the eight magnificent characters inscribed by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Taizu, "Pure and incredible, the book is like a man".
Yue Fei's calligraphy stone carvings were inlaid when Fang Hongbin was ordered by Qishan County to rebuild Zhuge Liang Temple in the fourth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. It is carved from the stone carvings of Xi 'an 'an, and is called "double wonder". First, Zhuge Liang wrote absolutely; Second, Yue Fei's calligraphy is better. 755-79000 left Zhuge Liang with an ambitious reputation like a mirror. Every time I read it, I can't help thinking of Zhuge Liang's painstaking efforts. He manages every machine and forgets to eat and sleep in thousands of troops.
Zhuge Liang started the fifth Northern Expedition in Wuzhangyuan. In the spring of the 12th year of Jianxing in Shu Han Dynasty (AD 234), he led a large army to take the ancient road of Qinling Mountain (now Meixian County crosses Qinling Mountain to Hanzhong Road), set out to attack Wei in the ancient valley, and stayed at Wuzhangyuan and Sima Yi for more than 100 days. Sima Yi's strategy, one word is "waste". Zhuge Liang's army of Shu and Han traveled long distances over mountains and mountains, and the supply of food and grass was limited. We must hurry up. So Sima Yi couldn't retreat and let the Shu army fight outside.
In the novel, Zhuge Liang sent a dress to provoke Sima Yi. Even so, Sima Yi did not take part in the war. Of course, this is the plot invented by the author of the novel for the fullness of his works, but the result is in line with history. Zhuge Liang was finally in a dilemma, and anxiety became ill. Fifty-four years old, died in Wuzhangyuan. It can be said that Zhuge Liang has made great efforts for the inheritance of Shu Han.
We often say that Zhuge Liang's "five northern expeditions and six Qishan" was actually "misled" by the novel. In history, Zhuge Liang really made five northern expeditions, but it was not "six trips to Qishan" but "two trips to Qishan", which were the first and fourth times respectively. In the spring of 228 and 23 1 year, Zhuge Liang went to Qishan to pacify Wei. Qishan is located in Tianshui, the junction of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan provinces, in the Guanzhong Plain and the west of Qinling Mountains, far from Chencang. The main purpose of Zhuge Liang's attack on Wei was to seize Chencang and then occupy Guanzhong and Tubo. Bypassing Qishan itself is a "detour". I wonder what Zhuge Liang is thinking?
In short, the five northern expeditions ended in failure, and Zhuge Liang left a "posthumous name", which was admired and recited through the ages. 1700 for more than 700 years, worshippers have come to Wuzhangyuan in an endless stream, and the places of interest in memory of Zhuge Liang are well known.