Wu Mi Style "Wu Mi Style" is the earliest new prose style in the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, which was initiated by Fu Jiamo and Wu in the early Tang Dynasty, and Jinyang was the official. Fu Jiamo, a native of Yongzhou Wugong (now Wugong County, Shaanxi Province), was admitted as a scholar. During the period of Wu Zetian, Wu Zetian ordered Zhang Changzong to compile a large-scale book "Three Religions and Zhu Ying", and Fu Jiamo participated in the compilation of the book. During the Chang 'an period (AD 70 1 to 704), Fu Jiamo became the captain of Jinyang, the northern capital, and later entered the DPRK as the left eunuch country, and died soon. There are five volumes of collected works left, which have been lost today. There are four articles in All Tang Wen.
Wu, a native of Xin 'an (Shexian County, Anhui Province), and Fu Jiamo, at the same time, "were promoted to Jinshi, tired to Jinyang Wei", and later entered the DPRK, where officials worshipped You Taidu to remonstrate. When they were officials in Jinyang, they befriended each other, and their literary talents were appreciated by the long history of Bingzhou. "When you receive special courtesy, you will sit on the same sofa." At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, due to the influence of parallel prose in the Six Dynasties, "the literati wrote tablets with Xu (Xu Ling) and Yu (Yu Xin) as their topics, and their tone became worse. Jia Mo and Shao Wei were both based on classics and were highly respected by people at that time. When the style changes, they are called Wu Mi style. " Fu and Wu made their own voices on the literary altar.
When Fu Jiamo and Wu were officials of Jinyang, Wei Jun (now daming county, Hebei Province) was the main book of Taiyuan. All three of them were "famous for their writings" and were called "Beijing Third Master". According to Old Tang Biography, the representative works of Wu Mi Style include Fu Jiamo's Fu on Shuanglong Spring, Fu on Thousand Valley (Insect Book) and Wu's Zhong Ming in Chongfu Temple. Three articles, "The words are the most elegant and the author is the most important." Xi Fu Jiamo lost two articles today.
Shuanglong Spring and Qianshu Valley are scenic spots near Jinyang, the capital of the north. Shuanglongquan is the south and north Longquan in the northwest of Yangqu County, Taiyuan City. The two springs are only 500 meters apart, with rolling mountains and trees. There is a Daanji by the spring, which was built in the early Tang Dynasty. There is a pagoda in the temple, commonly known as "Tang Priest Pagoda", which was the place where Master Xuanzang handed down scriptures during the Zhenguan period. Thousand (Insect Shu) Valley is a canyon in the northwest of Taiyuan. In ancient times, it was a tunnel connecting Jinyang with northwest countries, and its east entrance was the famous Tianmen Pass. Yang Di once opened up traffic and built a plank road here, hence the name Sunshine Road. The cliffs here are steep and the valleys are deep. "Tianmen Snow" is one of the eight scenic spots in ancient Jinyang. It can be seen that Fu Jiamo's western articles belong to landscape travel prose. Fu's articles were highly appraised and praised by the literary circles in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Zhang Shuo, the literary leader of Kaiyuan, praised his articles as "such as lonely peaks, standing on the wall, thick clouds and thunder, sincere and awe-inspiring. If it is applied to a corridor temple, it will be terrible. " This style is in sharp contrast to the parallel prose of "beautiful and charming, like the laughter of women and children"
Wu's Zhong Ming of Chongfu Temple (bronze preface of Chongfu Temple in Tang and Jing) is the only representative work of Wu Mi's style. Chongfu Temple, located in Wuli, south of Jinyang, is a famous Jinyang Temple in the Tang Dynasty. Chongfu Temple is the inscription of the bronze bell of Chongfu Temple in Wu Wei. The article inherits the writing characteristics of prose in the pre-Qin and Western Han dynasties, and its words are simple and fresh, simple and elegant, and it is not flashy. The sentence pattern is contrary to the fixed format of CET-4 and CET-6 compositions at that time. The flexible two-sentence, three-sentence and five-sentence, with bright rhythm, ups and downs and vigorous tone, shows Wu's outstanding talent and unique style of "Fu Wu Style".
"Wu Mi Style", as the earliest new prose style in the creative practice of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, started the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang dynasty, "there are still many articles in the world, and the slang is disappointing" and "the tone is getting worse". During the period of Wu Zetian, Chen Ziang stepped forward and put forward the idea of literature retro in a clear-cut manner. However, Chen Ziang's retro literary thought has its limitations: first, it is limited to poetry in genre; Second, the retro slogan only stays in theory, and it has not got rid of the shackles of the six dynasties' style in creative practice. With almost contemporary Fu Jiamo, Wu and others, he rebelled against the stale habits of parallel prose in the Six Dynasties and created an elegant and magnificent new prose style. Their articles are appreciated by people all over the world, giving people a refreshing feeling. If we say that they are the earliest advocates of literature retro in Tang Dynasty, then Fu Jiamo and Wu are the earliest practitioners of literature retro in Tang Dynasty. Fu and Wu's bold attempt to replace parallel prose with new prose stepped out of the most important step of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and made outstanding contributions to the ancient prose movement.
The creative characteristics of "rich Wu style" and "focusing on ancient prose" had a far-reaching impact on the later ancient prose movement. Prose writers Xiao, Li Hua, Yuan and Jie Yuan in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and Liang Su, Han Yunqing and Wu in the middle Tang Dynasty were all influenced by Fu Jiamo and Wu, and finally Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan appeared in the middle Tang Dynasty, which finally pushed the ancient prose movement to * * *. Therefore, we can divide the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty into three stages: the beginning of the early Tang Dynasty, the development of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the middle Tang Dynasty, as Ouyang Xiu said in the Song Dynasty; "Three hundred years in the Tang Dynasty, the article changed three times and was carefree. Gaozu and Taizong were in great trouble, and there was more wind along the river, and every sentence was painted, which made them arrogant. " "Xuanzong is good at classics, and his ministers are slightly tired and arrogant." "Between Dali and Zhenyuan, beautiful women come forth in large numbers. The appearance of "Wu Mi Style" marked the official rise of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and had a positive and far-reaching impact on the further development of the ancient prose movement.
It is no accident that "Fu Wu Style" appeared in Jinyang, the northern capital at that time. Jinyang was the birthplace of Li Tang Dynasty and the hometown of Wu Zetian, and it was one of the largest cities in China at that time. Jinyang is the capital of the north and has an important strategic position. Tang Ting's local officials here are mostly auxiliary ministers who are about to enter the DPRK, and a large number of literary talents are gathered around them. These people sang together, inspiring words, and created a rich cultural atmosphere for the bustling Jinyang City. Jinyang is the capital of Bei Tang and the center of cultural integration between the North and the South. From the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty to the Sixteen Countries in the Northern Dynasties, it is the center of national integration, where dry land agricultural culture and grassland nomadic culture collide and blend. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the beautiful style of writing in the Southern Dynasties has spread to the north, which has promoted cultural exchanges in the northwest and made Jinyang culture more prosperous. It is in this environment that outstanding literary talents such as Fu Jiamo and Wu emerged, creating a unique prose style of "Wu Mi Style" and making Jinyang the birthplace of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty.
Wu's genealogy was famous for its erudition in the early Tang Dynasty. In the 14th year of Zhenguan (AD 640), the court recruited famous Confucian scholars to give lectures in Xin 'an (now Xiuning, Anhui), and Wu Yifang also participated in this grand event. Because he likes the beautiful local scenery, his family moved here from Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). At this time, the descendants of Wu Meng, the ancestor of Zhenzi School, moved from Zhang Yu, Jiangxi to Yizhou, Xin 'an. Married Cheng and gave birth to three sons, the eldest son, the second son Wu and the third son Wu. The second son, Wu's, was promoted to material and moved to the valley. In the first year of his reign (AD 684), he was a scholar and was named Jinyangwei. He went to Zuotai to supervise the empire. Historian Wu, who is good at literature, is also known as "three outstanding figures in Beijing" with Fu Jiamo and Wei Guyi. At that time, all the literati in the world wrote articles with Xu and Yu as the Sect, and their writing style was superficial and disappointing. Only Wu and Fu Jiamo's articles were classical, elegant and heroic, and varied in style, which was highly praised by people at that time and was called "Wu Fu Style". Wu is very concerned about family history and once presided over the compilation of Wu's genealogy. Wu moved to Shishe Mountain (now Phoenix Mountain) in Xiuning. At the age of 87, he was buried in Laobaidun outside Beiguo, Xiuning, Xin 'an. Later generations lived here, and later generations multiplied, forming the Wu family in Zuotai. Zuotai Wu is a prosperous branch of Wu, with flourishing branches and leaves. According to the Wu family tree of Zuotai, there are more than 70 Miao people in Zuotai, Xin 'an, and the main branches are the five schools: the School of Pai, the School of Zhu Jin, the School of Shiling, the School of Pai and the School of Fengxi, which shows the prosperity of their clan development. The so-called Wu family in Zuotai refers to the Wu tribe whose ancestor is Wu, the secretariat of Zuotai in Tang Dynasty. Xin 'an is an important area where the Wu family is distributed, with a population of tens of thousands and a very prosperous population. According to Zuotai Wu Genealogy, 90% of Wu surnames in Xin 'an are Wu Zu. Wu married Li Daliang, the daughter of Wuyang Gong, and gave birth to three sons, the eldest son Wu Longshu, the second son Wu Gong and the third son Wu Jun. Wu Jun, named, was our envoy to Hedong, and his descendants moved to Sichuan. Qiling Wu is a descendant of the second son Wu Gong, and belongs to one of the five schools of Zuotai Wu (Tongcheng (Zongyang) Wu includes Qiling Wu, Maxi Wu and Gaodian Wu) Tongcheng (Zongyang) Wu.
Mingzhou Wu's family letter Mingzhou is a bend that Huizhou scholars can't bypass, because there is a family letter from Mingzhou Wu, which was compiled by the Wu family in Xiuning, Huizhou during the Kang Yong period in the Qing Dynasty. Even the letters from home in the countryside, I don't know how many Chinese and foreign scholars are studying them.
The Wu family in Mingzhou is a descendant of Zuo Tai Yu Shi Wu in Tang Dynasty, and is called Zuo Tai Wu family. Wu, whose real name was Chu Cai, moved to the valley on the 1st, was a scholar in the Shengyuan period (AD 684), and was appointed as Wei, so he went to Zuotai to supervise the national history. Wu's father moved from to Xin 'an. In the fourteenth year of Zhenguan, the court recruited famous Confucian scholars to give lectures in Xin 'an. Wu Yifang also participated in this grand event because he loves the local area.
The beautiful mountains and rivers prompted our family to move here from Zhang Yu. Wu moved from Raozhou (now Boyang County) to Xiuning. Wu has many branches in Zuotai, and Phoenix Mountain in Xiuning is Wu's original residence. So Wu, who lives in Xiuning in the afterlife, thought it was Zuo Taiwu. Even if it is impossible to verify whether it is a true descendant of Wu, the genealogy has been recognized since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. As Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng was designated as the official school in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, during the 600 years in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the trend of reading and giving lectures spread all over six cities in Huizhou, and academies and schools were scattered all over the country, and schools were re-elected, resulting in a large number of talented people. Wu Jiafa of Mingzhou said, "I have established a new state of mulberry, and I should read books, learn from them, and keep rituals, and pass them on to my descendants with the wind of Zou Lu." The Ming Wu Jiafa also said that "the children of imperial families have different looks, so they can learn and have to teach." Or attach a home school, or help the fire, and cultivate two good people to be role models in the future. This is the hope of the national party, the light of the ancestors, and the relationship is very small. "
Wu's genealogy is the great order of the ancients and will never move. It's the way of other children, and the younger brothers are the ones to follow. Decline and sorrow are the same, and the death of the family will bend. In the future, there will be no big amount, and the scholars will sacrifice four rooms. There are four small sects, which must be handed down in five generations, so there is no service beyond five generations. Tracing back to the source, a person's body has not become a passerby, and the cover is not established by patriarchal clan system. I don't know where it started, and I'm really scared. Wu Rui, formerly Wu Ben and Changsha Wang, started in Hou Ji after the Yellow Emperor. As for Gong Liu, he passed the news to his ancient father, who made him king. The eldest son, Taibo, made an envoy in Fengde, Wu, and the descendants took the country as their surname because of the baby. Du Shi was loyal and served Lao Wang's family, with Xijue in the field and soil in the land of Yanling. It is thick and thick, all over the world, flourishing and almost lawless. The pedigree of the family library originated from the fact that Prince Qian of Changsha won the victory of Xin 'an mountains and rivers, which made the descendants live in Yan. Extending to my exam, it took 29 years, and it was more than 1000 years ago. See you in class. Give extensive collection and evaluation, and prove it with classics. Its ancient printing of Wei Temple, flourishing in fire, originated from Mo Chi, and accumulated for generations, which I have nothing. I respect the inheritance of my family, and the ancient patriarchal clan system seems to be the rest of Gu Fei's happiness.
On September 7, 2008, Yuan He and his descendants supervised the collection of sacrificial books.
According to historical records, he is the second son of Fang Yi, and a scholar of Xin Chou in the first year of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty (Dai Fuzhi). When he was Jin Yangling, he befriended Fu Jiamo, a military attache, and wrote articles attacking Jing Shu, which made Yu Xu's committee weak. At that time, he was promoted to Wu Futi. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Zhongxing Gong and Fu Jiamo paid homage to the suggestion of Zuoyou Taiwan and published five volumes of collected works (see Yi He's Biography of Luo Ezhou). The existing works in the world include The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, A General Survey of Literature, Records of the Southern Dynasties, Records of Xin 'an Literature, Records of Counties, Records of Famous Houses, Records of Shaanxi, Biography of Luo Ezhou, Wenyuantang, Guo Maoqian Yuefu, Momo Quanshu, and Yue Fu. It is the head of our country's sages and the head of outstanding people. It is because Mrs. Ye Mu buried Longyuan in Xiuning, and it is the foot of Dong Shiye who loves life. Six cities were developed later, and their descendants multiplied in all directions and were invincible, ranking first in Jia's family. Born in Longshuo on August 13 in 664 AD, he died in Tianbao on June 7th in the eighth year of Ming Dynasty (750). He lived to be eighty years old. His wife Zhu was buried in (later renamed Phoenix Mountain), followed by Cheng, Zhao, Wang and Liu (referring to Zhao being buried in Longyuan), and gave birth to three sons, Long Shu, Gong and Yun. Praise: Since the Six Dynasties, the style of writing tends to be vigorous, with Yu Xu as the Sect, but the tone is weak. Gong and Fu Jiamo originated from this classic technique, which is helpful to pull the wind. Gong wrote Chongfu Temple Bell and Jia Mo wrote Shuanglong Spring Fu and Thousand Candles Valley Fu, so the style is fresh. Known as Five Blessingg Style Cloud, it is also famous for its thin style. Gong Yi was also named Beijing III (Taiyuan was called Beijing in the Tang Dynasty). Alas, the so-called second statement is not true.
Wu recorded in the relevant historical materials "Yushitai Ji"
The original text is Wu, a native of Donghai. Pay less attention to Mandarin and be friendly to Fu Jiamo. The word "friends with fewer scholars" was originally lacking, according to the sixth supplement of Chronicle of Tang Poetry. ) first, bother Jinyang Taiyuan Wei and worship the suggestion. Died of illness, crying for Wen. According to the Chronicle of Tang Poems, his ci ("The death of Jia Mo is a crying word") was originally lost. ) said: "Wei Chou died in Henan in March. He fell ill in Luoyang Beili. I heard that (when I was sick, I heard in Luoyang Beili that "the nine characters were originally missing, according to the Chronicle of Tang Poetry". Throw a pillow (the word "pillow" was originally missing, according to the Chronicle of Tang Poetry. ), tears dyed sorrow ("Tears dyed sorrow" originally "sprint on the shirt", according to "Chronicle of Tang Poetry" six changes. ) seats. Crawling outside the bedroom door will not get sick. He looked up at the sky and shouted,' It's heaven. He and I are friends. If you have a law, you can see it. "Suppress tenderness and save sadness." Too often Shao Qing Xu Gong, ~ Zhou stabbed Yin Gong, Xu Zhongshu, Yuan Er Scheeren, Ministry of War Zhang Langzhong said, I don't regret it. I mourn my husband's feelings and write poems to spoil him. In his words, he said, "My friend is fit to die. He is the minister of the drama club. The straight road is not profitable, but often protects people. There is no inheritance, this is spring. Medicine makes it awesome, and the emperor is poor and the bandits are benevolent. It used to be different from its owner. The same disease is lost, and it is not heavy. The son's article is in, and his father is new. Drums promote rivers and mountains, and true words poison ghosts and gods. Compassion, there is no shortage of hazelnuts in the East. Sages are treasures, and the country is poor. " Poets all admire beauty. When he was seriously ill, he sighed and said, "I don't hate life and death." However, the official position is not one of them, not even. "Death is very generous.
Wu is from the East China Sea. When I was a teenager, I was very talented in Chinese, and I was good friends with Fu Jiamo. Wu Shenglai is a scholar. After entering the official career, he was promoted to the governor of Jinyang Taiyuan and finally became an official. When his good friend died of illness in his teens, he wrote a eulogy to mourn his dead friend. The theme of the memorial hall is this: My friend Fu Jiamo from Henan died of illness in March 2008. At that time, I was sick at my home in Luoyang Beili. After hearing the bad news, I threw away my pillow and sat up. My clothes were wet with tears. Later, I climbed outside the bedroom door and wanted to go to the funeral, but I couldn't get sick. I looked up at the sky and shouted, "Oh, my God! How can you treat my friend like this? What rules do you have? How can I see my good friend again? " So I wrote this eulogy to express my grief. Too often Xu Gong, ~ state secretariat Yin Gong, two counsellors in Zhongshu Province, and Ministry of War Langzhong Zhang said that they had all seen me in North Korea, and they didn't lament that your talents could not be put to good use. I am writing a poem in memory of my dead friend. This poem is written like this: My good friend Fu Jiamo can compete with court officials for talent and ability when he is alive. He wants to be an official not to get a salary, but to care about the people all over the world. Unfortunately, he died prematurely in this peaceful and prosperous time before he entered the official career. Medicine is really distrustful, even my best friend's illness can't be cured. God, you are not kind at all. You let my good friend die early. Once upon a time, you and I were good friends, just like brothers. Now lying in the hospital bed together, one of them left first, and the vast world will never see each other again, let alone friendship. However, the articles you wrote before your death still exist in the world. These articles are just like Confucius' new works! Their strength can shake mountains and rivers, and their sincerity can make those illusory ghosts and gods die. Sadly, you passed away prematurely, but your article coexists with heaven and earth and is immortal. At this point, probably all the ornaments on your funeral car disappeared into the wilderness. You are the sage and treasure of the wise emperor. In a big country like ours, there are very few talents like you! No one does not praise the sincerity and emotion of this eulogy. After writing this eulogy, Wu's illness became more and more serious. He sighed and said, "Life and death are the time limit of life. I have no regrets when I die. However, my career has not been completed at all, which is the biggest regret! " Wu made a big speech and died.
Appreciation of ancient meaning of poetry
Spring blossoms in Fang Shu, Luoyang, and Pingyan, the daughter of Luoyang, is here. Cars and horses compete with each other,
Folding and bending platform. There are thousands of rows of curved platforms, with heavy flowers and drooping leaves.
Kagami Akira is in the morning in the north forest, and the breeze is fragrant in the south. Poor little girl,
Don't be a prostitute in Handan. Miaowu gently brushed back her long sleeves and sang loudly.
At the end of the song, people broke up, dancing and dancing, having endless fun and sighing. There are many days in spring.
Red and green trees have no color. The green trees are in full bloom in spring, and the bead curtain is moist and shiny.
How to be young and late, sit and watch the bright moon for thousands of years. The moon is white and the night is cold.
Fragrant brocade is empty. A wonderful song in this spring, Phoenix went upstairs to play with Jun.
Cry for wealth.
My friend is fit to die. He is a minister of the country. The straight road is unprofitable, but it is a great shelter for people.
It is a bright nation and a spring. Medicine is powerful, so the imperial treasury is a bandit.
It used to be different from its owner. The same disease is lost, and it is not heavy.
The son's article is in, and his father is new. Drums flourish, and chastity poisons ghosts and gods.
Sad and immortal, the car is not barren. Sages are treasures, while nothing is big and poor.
He Cui Shi Yu visits Kaihua Temple Pavilion every day.
Zuo Xian is a versatile man, so his old friend is especially an owl. The protection ceremony is only for the ambassador, and the rest are Taiyuan Guo.
I'm tired of r, I'm looking for loneliness. More than ten miles west, north to Hua Kai Pavilion.
I don't know the outline when I first enter the cloud tree. Gradually out of the column N, Wan Li has a long autumn.
At the age of 20, the wind sets and the cold water returns to the valley. Look at things and praise the scenery, and take the key to the mystery three times.
But use interest to explain, don't forget to faint.
Nagato complained.
The bright moon reflects the city, and the loneliness is too clear. Your majesty likes to rest early and have a cool pillow.
I can't sleep because of my sore throat. I hesitate to take a step forward. The empty steps are white dew, and the vegetation is cold and insects are singing.
In the past, I thought the jade seat was light. How to make mistakes again and again, and cry for kindness all night?
Xiang he ge ci ge yuan hang
There are unhappy women in the south of the city, who are affectionate and fragrant. Claiming to be 28 o'clock, singing and dancing into the Han Palace.
The emperor's kindness counts. Fortunately, he is in Yutang. Green cypress and yellow flower night wine,
Jinmei chased it. Zhang Jian in Nishimura is radiant, and Zhao Yan has 3,000 beautiful women.
The king hates virtue but never forgets the new, and the situation is fascinating. It's time to say goodbye,
Thirty-three spring Chang Xin Tang. A long letter closes the door during the day, and a small account in a clean room is quiet and idle.
The insect net on the window is covered with dust, and the temperature is very attractive to peaches and plums. There are no old things in the Tianwang Temple.
Haoran came back today with tears in his eyes. Self-pity spring turns to dusk, trying to catch a good trip to Cao Fang Road.
The beautiful woman with a small waist is amazing, and the golden saddle boy once ignored it.
Who will be your husband when you come back? Please thank your wife, don't say goodbye and get drunk first.