193 1 After the September 18th Incident broke out, Zhang Xueliang appointed Ma Zhanshan as acting chairman of the Heilongjiang provincial government. In June+10/mid-October, 5438, during the Jiangqiao Anti-Japanese War, the Kwantung Army and Zhang Haipeng who cooperated with the Kwantung Army tried to attack Qiqihar.
Kwantung Army clashed with Ma Zhanshan Army near Daxing Post on the north side of Nenjiang Railway Bridge from June 4th to 6th. 165438. The troops of the Kwantung Army were mixed with infantry and artillery to cover the railway maintenance troops, and Ma Zhanshan led about 1 000 cavalry.
In the last battle, due to the arrival of Japanese reinforcements on the 6th, the Ma Zhanshan army retreated first, with about 200 Japanese casualties and 700 Ma Zhanshan casualties.
On June165438+1October 1 1 day, the Kwantung Army confronted the Ma Zhanshan Army, and the request to retreat to the north of Qiqihar was rejected by Ma Zhanshan, and the two sides met again. In this campaign, Ma Zhanshan assembled provincial troops 12000 (9000 infantry, 3000 cavalry, equipped with artillery 14), 6000 Japanese troops and 32 artillery.
The encounter lasted until165438+1October18th, when the Japanese air force bombed and fired, the Ma Zhanshan army began to retreat, and the Japanese army occupied Qiqihar on19th. If the cabinet hints for the second time that the Kwantung Army's attack on Qiqihar has caused international public condemnation, it will protest against the cabinet's general resignation. As a result, the Kwantung Army occupied Qiqihar, and Ma Zhanshan evacuated the city through fierce fighting.
The number of Japanese soldiers killed in this campaign was small, but the severe cold in winter caused a large number of frostbite victims, and the final statistics of casualties reached 1,181; Ma Zhanshan's army killed 500 people and injured 600, and most of its troops were all withdrawn.
Later, with the support of Kwantung Army, Zhang Jinghui established a new regime in Qiqihar on 1654381late October. Ma Zhanshan led a prestigious army of 20,000 people and resisted until the end.
193165438 on February 7th, the kwantung army staff officer Ban Jacky Shiro went to Ma Zhanshan base area to persuade Ma Zhanshan to be the governor of Heilongjiang, and Ma Zhanshan was persuaded by Xie Jieshi to participate in the establishment of the new regime.
1February 5, 932 (Showa 7 years, Republic of China 2 1), after the Japanese occupation of Harbin, the activities of establishing Manchukuo accelerated, and on February 7, Ma Zhanshan surrendered to the Kwantung Army.
On February 16, Ma Zhanshan flew from Harbin to Fengtian (now Shenyang) by Japanese plane. That evening, Zhang Jinghui (Governor of Heilongjiang Province), Zang Shiyi (Governor of feng tian Province), Jilin (Governor of Jilin Province) and Ma Zhanshan (later Governor of Heilongjiang Province) held a meeting of the Big Four (the inaugural meeting of Manchukuo) at the Yamato Hotel.
17 February, the Northeast Supreme Administrative Committee was established with Zhang Jinghui as the chairman. On February 18, the Committee sent a telegram announcing the separation of Northeast China from the National Government.
1 In March, the Northeast Supreme Administrative Committee adopted the Declaration on the Establishment of Manchukuo in Zhang Jinghui's home, and Manchukuo was born. Ma Zhanshan was the governor of Heilongjiang Province, and on March 9 of the same year, he was also the Minister of Military and Political Affairs of Manchukuo.
However, Ma Zhanshan continued to raise war materials privately as a minister of military and political affairs. On April 1 day, Ma Zhanshan and some of his entourage fled Qiqihar, arrived in Heihe on April 7, and issued an appeal for a thorough war of resistance throughout Northeast China through radio. On April 7, the Northeast National Salvation Anti-Japanese Coalition was established.
However, when the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces attacked Harbin in May, the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces were defeated and at a disadvantage because the friendly army Cheng Zhiyuan defected to Japan. Around the end of 1932, most of the northeast anti-Japanese Coalition forces were annihilated by the Japanese army. 1932 On February 4th, Ma Zhanshan fled to the Soviet Union by train in Manzhouli.
1June, 933, Ma Zhanshan returned from Europe, but Chiang Kai-shek rejected his idea of an all-round war of resistance and was only appointed as a member of the Military Commission of the National Government. /kloc-0 went to live in Tianjin Concession in June, 934.
1936, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched the Xi Incident, and he supported Zhang Xueliang.
1937 After the July 7th Incident, Ma Zhanshan was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Northeast Ting March by the Military Commission on August 2nd1. He belonged to the eighth war zone, under the command of Fu, and led the cavalry to deal with the Japanese army many times. Ma Zhanshan mastered ingenious guerrilla tactics through his experience in the era of horse thieves, and won the nickname "Napoleon of the East" among the Japanese officers and men.
1940, Ma Zhanshan is the chairman of Heilongjiang provincial government; 1945 After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, he served as a member of the Political Committee of Northeast Hangying. After the war, the troops in the Eighth Theater fought with the China Army in the Battle of Pingsui Road, and the two armies were deadlocked, which also hindered the progress of the national army's northward acceptance of Japanese-occupied areas. After the battle, Ma Zhanshan claimed to be ill and lived in Beiping.
Although Ma Zhanshan was appointed as the deputy commander of Northeast China in June of 1946+00, he was not granted any military power, so he resigned again in June of 1948 and returned to Beiping to live again. 1948 At the end of the Second Civil War between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, China People's Liberation Army attacked Beiping, and Ma Zhanshan recommended Deng Baoshan to Fu for peace talks with the Chinese Communist Party.
People's Republic of China (PRC) died in Beijing on 1950 after its founding. At age 64.
Extended data:
The Jiangqiao Anti-Japanese War started the first shot of armed resistance against Japanese invaders, which was highly praised and supported by the people of China and inspired the patriotic enthusiasm of the people of China.
193 1 year165438+1October 4th, the Japanese army launched an attack on the river bridge in Qiqihar, and the "decisive battle for the river bridge" officially started. Jiangqiao Anti-Japanese War started the first shot of China's armed resistance against Japan.
On the same day, more than 300 people of the Japanese Kwantung Army attacked Jiangqiao in the fog at dawn, and were bashed head-on by Ma Zhanshan and lost to Thailand. At noon, 100 Japanese troops attacked our Daxing position under the cover of planes and lost again; In the evening, the Japanese puppet troops pestered more than 4,000 people, dozens of mountain guns, seven planes and four armored vehicles and swooped down on our position. Ma Zhanshan fought back bravely.
The next day, more than 8,000 Japanese puppet troops launched a storm under the cover of 100 cannons and more than 20 planes. Our defenders, infantry and cavalry fought in coordination and fought fiercely until the evening to repel the enemy. 1October 6, 1 1000, the Japanese army sent more than 65,438 people, adding wild guns, heavy artillery, planes and armored vehicles to attack again, and Ma Zhanshan personally went to the front to direct the battle.
Ma Zhanshan's anti-Japanese troops did shoot down two Japanese planes with guns, one of which is still in Jiangqiao Campaign Memorial Hall. Ma Zhanshan troops from the regular army are equipped with artillery, a large number of elite cavalry and even a small number of armored troops, but they are still inferior to Japanese fighters.
For this reason, Ma Zhanshan came up with a coup: he arranged 14 rows of soldiers, each row of 10 people, lying on the ground, forming a phalanx with rifles pointing upwards. When Japanese fighters flew over the phalanx, 140 rifles fired at the same time, and 1 Japanese fighter was hit 26 times. After the fire, the fuel tank crashed. That plane became the first fighter plane shot down by China soldiers since the Japanese invaded China.
In this battle, the China army suffered casualties 1800, and the puppet troops were killed by more than 2,000 people. The Japanese army on the Nenjiang Bridge was almost wiped out. In order to save strength, Ma Zhanshan abandoned Jiangqiao position overnight and retreated to the north of Daxing Station to rectify and supplement.
Zhao Zhen, a professor of history at Beijing Normal University, said: "This is the first annihilation war we fought since War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression started. What is adowa? There are only two words in the Japanese report, which are' all the troops are wiped out'. One didn't run out, and the whole army was wiped out here. "
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ma Zhanshan