Let's look at it with a demonstration diagram.
First, the preparation of mud
First of all, you should have the raw materials for making pottery. The production process of purple sand Tao Tao mud is very complicated: it is divided into taking materials, waking materials, selecting materials, blending materials, crushing materials, washing and filtering mud, and filtering mud to wake up mud, which is subdivided into multiple processes.
Material taking: go to the mud producing area and dig up high-quality soil materials, that is, raw materials.
Wake up: The "raw meal" just dug out contains a certain amount of water, which needs to be dried until it is ground into powder by hand before it can be used.
Material selection: clean up "gravel" impurities in raw materials.
Ingredients: According to the firing requirements of finished products, experienced craftsmen will make five kinds of colored soil into "clay" in proportion.
Crushing: Muddle the prepared "clay" into uniform "crushing", and the crushing shall not exceed the size of broad beans at most.
Slurry washing and filtering: pour the broken materials into a vat and soak them in water, and stir them thoroughly every five to six hours. Repeat this process several times until the mud is fully diluted and fused, filter it with 200-300 mesh gauze for 4-5 times, and then pour it into a clean container for precipitation.
Mud filtration: Step 1: Pour the washed mud into a clean container, cover it and let it stand, and let it naturally separate out moisture. Step 2: Drain the excess water in the container, pour the remaining mud paste into the gypsum container and absorb the remaining water. Gypsum can absorb water. )
Mud in gypsum container
Wake up the mud: the freshly prepared mud is violent, and the locals call it raw mud. Because the distribution of water and solid particles in raw mud is still uneven, the change of active particle elements will produce subtle structural changes, thus reducing the plasticity of mud in the molding process. And it leads to many problems such as dry cracking, delamination, deformation and so on. So the last step is to put the little mud aside and let it fully change and react. The longer you wake up, the better.
Only clay as fine as ointment can be finally extracted and burned into jade pottery.
Second, rub the mud
When the clay is ready, you can start painting. Rub the clay well before painting. On the one hand, it can make the water in the mud ball more uniform, on the other hand, it can eliminate the air in the mud ball.
Small bubbles will always be the mortal enemy of small mud.
Third, the blank map.
At this point, the billet will be officially drawn. In modern painting, electric pottery carts are widely used.
In this step, if the craftsman's hands are uneven, the thickness of the ceramic body will be uneven. Even if it is molded, it will crack and explode in the later kiln burning process, which will fall short.
Drawing blank is an art, and whether the shaping of pottery in the later period is symmetrical and beautiful depends entirely on the craftsman's own experience and aesthetics.
Even if it is difficult to achieve the same size by hand, it is necessary to measure while doing it and control the error within the minimum range.
Happy foundry craftsman.
Fourthly, airing the blank.
Because of the high water content, the embryonic wet ceramic green body should be dried in the shade for one or two days according to the season and weather conditions before entering the next step of green body repair.
Verb (short for verb) makes disappear.
Pruning is the continuation of painting. When the wet ceramic body is dried to a certain hardness, it can be trimmed. Trimming is to further trim and shape the clay blank, so that the next decorative step can be smoothly carried out on the successfully shaped ceramic blank.
When it is repaired to the ideal shape and thickness, the surface of the equipment body can be polished with sip. First, it is convenient to decorate the ceramic blank with a pen in the next step, and second, it can find out the small bubbles on the ceramic blank in time for treatment. When small bubbles are fired in the later stage, it will lead to various problems such as the bursting of ceramic bodies, which should not be underestimated.
Sixth, decoration
So far, the decoration of Jianshui purple pottery has not found a method other than painting with a brush. So it will take several days to draw a complicated pattern, just to decorate it.
Seven, intaglio
The tools used for carving patterns are umbrella ribs made by local craftsmen, which contain high steel content. Good craftsmen have high requirements for engraving needles and usually polish them themselves. When carving, according to the different patterns, it can be divided into cutting knife, scratching knife and picking knife.
The photo taken after the carving of the small pottery blank should belong to high school graduation at this stage, which has a kind of blooming beauty ~
Eight, fill the mud
According to the decoration requirements of the ceramic body, mud with different colors is filled into the carved pattern (hereinafter referred to as carved pattern) on the ceramic body with a mud knife, and light pressure is applied while filling, so that the colored mud completely fits the carved pattern without leaving bubbles.
"colored mud" of different colors
Nine, spread mud
After the ceramic body filled with colored mud is placed in the air for a period of time, the filled colored mud will fall back because of the evaporation of water in the colored mud. It's time to start spreading mud.
Further fill the colored mud to make it completely fit the engraving, and squeeze out the bubbles between the colored mud and the engraving.
Mud pressing
Mud pressing should be carried out for 2-4 times with an interval of 2-3 hours each time. This step is to further roll on the basis of spreading mud, so that the colored mud is fully filled and carved. Pressing mud, like spreading mud, requires great attention. If the force is too large, the blank will crack or even deform. If the force is too small, the colored mud cannot completely fill the whole print.
XI。 wipe
After pressing mud, the ceramic body needs to be dried for one or two days. When the filled color mud is completely consistent with the humidity of the green body, the excess color mud on the surface of the green body can be scraped off evenly with a mud knife. But because it can't do any harm to the carved lines, 70%-80% of the patterns can be scraped out. Because in the end, we have to finish trimming the blank.
Twelve, finishing the blank
Finishing blank is to completely finish the ceramic products with rough patterns filled and scraped on the ceramic wheel.
Make a clear pattern on the gypsum board of the electric pottery car.
Due to the rapid operation of the pottery wheel, the line of sight will always be less than when scraping the pattern. Therefore, after the craftsman has extracted 95% of the patterns by experience, he has to stop and scrape out the 5% unfinished pattern details bit by bit with a blade.
Finally, the whole plate is made to keep the surface of the ceramic body smooth and consistent.
After completion, the whole ceramic blank is slid by the pinch piece, and the process is completed.
Thirteen, dry
The repaired ceramic blank should be placed in the shade for 2-4 weeks (depending on the thickness and size of the ceramic piece), and then fired in the kiln after being completely dried.
Careful care of the small pottery will slowly dry and dehydrate in a cool and quiet room for one and a half months, and the original sauce red will fade into warm orange.
Fourteen Kiln combustion
The firing temperature of Jianshui purple pottery can reach 1 100 degrees, which belongs to high temperature pottery. The ceramic body is in a high-temperature fierce kiln, and the kiln fire burns brightly.
The unburned ceramic blank has a warm orange ceramic color.
This is fired pottery, showing the purple of purple pottery.
Fifteen. revise
After polishing, the finished purple pottery was born. One feature of Jianshui purple pottery is that it is not glazed, but it seems to be "glazed".
Let's talk about the difference between Yixing teapot and Jianshui teapot. To put it simply, Jianshui teapot uses the drawing process, Chaozhou teapot also uses the drawing process, and Yixing teapot uses the body-fixing process.