Author: Zhuangzi's translation of Zhuangzi Lieyukou.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
"Lieyukou" was originally the title of the article, and it is used as the title here. The whole article consists of many short stories with comments. The content is very miscellaneous, and there is no internal connection between them. But judging from the main paragraphs, it mainly expounds the thought of forgetting myself. Life should not be shown off in the world, sought after by officials, pursued by cleverness, and coveted in return.
The full text is roughly divided into five parts. The first part is "Being a disciple is also good". Through the dialogue between Bo Soul and Rain Lee, people are warned not to be seen. The reason why people can't forget me is because they can't forget "the incompetent have nothing to ask for", and those who have nothing to ask for can waste their time. The second book, I don't know Daning, criticizes those who are greedy for nature, and takes Zhu Xue's dragon slaying as a contrast to teach people to conform to nature, not to pursue man-made, to be "invisible" like water, and to return the spirit to "no beginning". The third part, "Only real people can do it", mocks snobbish Cao Shang and criticizes hypocritical Confucius, pointing out that it is their own uneasiness and negligence that have brought punishment to people's spiritual world, and only real people can get rid of the spiritual shackles, that is, people who are in the same boat with the secular and detached. In the fourth part, "The suffering of the deceased", Confucius first talked about people's ulterior motives and the difficulty of selecting people, and then took officials as an example, which led to the discussion of the principles of being a man, that is, modesty, self-righteousness, arrogance and rashness, and everything let nature take its course. The rest is the fifth part. The first part expounds the way of life. He wrote three short stories of Zhuangzi in succession, all to illustrate the truth that life has nothing to ask for; Finally, it is profoundly pointed out that it is sad to pursue utility outside the body without relying on wisdom and being driven by external things. You should feel something before you respond.
original text
Li Yukou's anger (1) is contrary to the middle way (2), and he meets an unconscious person (3). The person who paused said, "Ridiculous and rebellious (4)?" He said, "I'm surprised." Yue: "Evil is shocking the world ⑤?" Say, "I tasted ten pulp (6) and fed five pulp (7) first." The stunned person said, "If so, why are you surprised?" As the saying goes, "The husband's path is unknown (8), and the spies become light (9), which makes people feel less important than their old age (10), but what they suffer is (1 1). Husband and wife are soup-eating goods (12), and there is no win-win (13). Its benefits are thin and its strength is light (14), but if it is true, it is not as good as the Lord of all things! I am surprised that he will let me do my best to serve my country (15). " The stupefied man said, "It looks good! Women are in their own places (16), and people will protect their women (17)! "
If you don't take geometry (18), the outdoor space will be full (19). The stunned man stood in the north, his staff frowning (20), and he stood there without saying anything. The guest tells Liezi (2 1) to go away (22) and close the door (23). He said, "Since Mr. Wang came, he hasn't given medicine (24)?" Yue: "It's over (25), I tell you, people will protect you, and when they do, they will protect you." It's not that you can protect you, but that you can't let others fail to protect you. How can you predict the difference with your feelings (26)! This is necessary and emotional, but it is only natural (27) and meaningless (28). People who travel with you don't tell you (29), and what they say (30) is toxic to everyone; Don't be ignorant, no matter what (3 1)! Those who are capable will worry if they work hard, and those who are not capable will swim when they are full (32), when they are not tied to a boat (33) and when they are free (34). "
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Lieyukou went to Qi, but he turned back on the road and met a stupid man. The man paused and asked, "What made you turn around?" Rain Lee said, "I feel uneasy." The stunned person asked again, "What makes you uneasy?" Rain Lee said, "I used to drink in ten stores that sell drinks, but five of them were delivered to me in advance." The person who paused said, "How can such a thing make you uneasy?" Li Yukou said: "If the heart is sincere, but you can't extricate yourself from the customs, the external body shape will be vented and present a look;" Serving others with foreign things and respecting yourself more than respecting the elderly will inevitably lead to disaster. People who sell drinks only sell soup, and the profit is not much. Their profit is very small, and their inner intention of delivering drinks in advance is insignificant, but they still treat me like this, let alone the monarch of that big country. The monarch personally worked hard for the country, and his talents were exhausted politically. They will certainly entrust me with an important task to test my achievements. It is for this reason that I am afraid. " The stupefied man said, "Your observation and analysis are really good! If you live in peace, people will definitely join you! "
Not long after, the stupefied man visited Lieyukou and saw shoes outside the door. The stupefied man stood facing north, supporting his chin with crutches. After standing for a while, he went out without saying a word. The person who received the guests told Li Yukou that Li Yukou ran out barefoot with shoes and rushed to the door, saying, "Mr. Wang came, but he didn't say a word of criticism?" "Forget it, forget it," said the stupefied man. "I told you, people will join you, they are all joining you. I used to blame you for letting others join you, but you still couldn't stop them from joining you. Why should we be different in advance by seeing people moving? There must be something inside that will shake your nature. You can't help it. No one who makes friends with you can remind you that their subtle and confusing words are poisonous; No one has awakened, no one has realized, how can we look at each other carefully! Smart people are more tired, smart people are more worried, and incompetent people have nothing to pursue. They can swim freely with a full stomach, just like a boat drifting in the water without cables. This is the person who is comfortable and carefree. "
original text
Zheng people slowly groaned about the land of autumn home (1), and only three years later they became Confucianism (2), running for nine miles (3), Zehe three families (4), making their younger brother Mo (5). Confucianism and Mohism contended, and his father helped Zhai (6) and committed suicide ten years later. His father said in his dream, "Give it to those who make it ink.". Really nice (8), is this the truth of Qiu Bai? " The creator's reporter is also (9), not the reporter, but the reporter's date (10). One reason makes another. A wife is different from others in treating her relatives as her own (1 1), and the drinkers in the well of Qi people care about each other (12). So the world is slow. Nature (13) Virtuous people are ignorant (14), while virtuous people are almost! The ancients called it the punishment of escaping from heaven (15).
A saint is in his place, but he is uneasy about his position (16); People are uneasy about what they are and what they are.
Zhuangzi said: "It's easier to know than to say (17). Know without saying, so the sky is also (18); In terms of knowledge, so are people (19). The ancients (20), the sky is not human. "
Zhu Shu learned to kill dragons in a fragmented way (265,438+0), which is the home of a single daughter (22). After three years of success, he didn't use his skills.
Saints are unnecessary (23), so there are no soldiers (24); People don't have to do it, so there are many soldiers; Obey the soldiers (25), so do what you want. Soldiers, relying on them, will die.
My husband's knowledge (26) is inseparable from my work (27), and his spirit is superficial (28), but his desire to have the best of both worlds (29) is too empty (30). If it is, it is a confusion of the universe, and it is too early to be tired. He who goes to others has no beginning (3 1), and he who goes to others has no land (32). The water is almost invisible, too clear to vent (33). Sad! You know you're making (34) but you don't know Daning (35).
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In the state of Zheng, there was a man named Slow who sang instead of Qiu. It took only three years to become a Confucian scholar, as the river moistened the coastal land in the distance. His kindness also extended to the three clans, making his younger brother a Mohist scholar. Confucianism and Mohism are at odds and argue with each other, while Slow Father is on Mohism's side. After ten years of appeasement, he committed suicide. His father dreamed of him and said, "It was my credit that made your son a Mohist. Why don't you look at my grave? I have become a cypress tree in autumn, bearing fruit! " The creator does not give people wisdom and ability, but gives people natural nature. Brother Man has the gift of Mohism, so he can become a Mohist scholar. Slow always feels that he has something special to look down on his father, just as Qi people feel that they have contributed to digging wells and wrestling with people who drink water. It seems that almost all people in the society now regard their achievements as slow people. I think life is always like this, but people with virtue don't know such a situation, let alone people with morality! In ancient times, people called this greed for heaven a violation of the laws of nature and was punished.
Sages are content with nature, but they are not suitable for human manipulation; Ordinary people are used to being manipulated, but they are uneasy about nature.
Zhuangzi said, "It's easy to know, but not difficult. Knowing without talking is the realm leading to nature; Know but talk nonsense, this is going to the artificial world. Ancient people observed nature and did not pursue man-made. "
Zhu Zhuoman learned from Yi the art of killing dragons, which exhausted his daughter's fortune. Three years later, he learned this skill, but he rarely had the opportunity to show it.
Sages are not stubborn, so there will never be an argument; Ordinary people regard what is not inevitable as inevitable, so they always argue endlessly. Song always pursues disputes because of every move, and disputes, relying on it will only bring self-destruction in the end.
The cleverness of secular people cannot be separated from giving rewards and answers. They spend their energy on superficial things, concentrate on helping the world and guiding everything, thinking that they can achieve the realm of chaos and harmony between things and me. People like this have long been confused by the vast universe. They are very tired, but they don't understand the true meaning of the initial chaos. Those people with high moral cultivation let the spirit return to the original state of HarmonyOS system and are willing to sleep in a world without any tangible things. Like water, it is smooth and invisible, and naturally flows in the empty realm. Pathetic! Secular people spend their minds on trifles, but they know nothing about peace, nature and inaction.
original text
In the Song Dynasty, there was a businessman named Cao (1), who established the Song King of Qin Wei. Its speed should also be multiplied by the number of cars; Wang said (2), the car is beneficial, and the car takes (3). Contrary to Song (4), see Zhuangzi: "The husband is poor in alley (5), embarrassed weaver girl (6), beggar (7) lacks business; Knowing the masters of the riders, those who ride from the car (8) are also good at business. " Zhuangzi said, "When the King of Qin was ill, those who broke carbuncle and got acne got one ride (9) and those who licked hemorrhoids got five rides (10). After the cure, the more cars he will get. How to treat children's hemorrhoids and how to get more cars? Zixing! "
Lu Aigong asked Yan He (1 1): "I take Zhong Ni as my duty (12). What is the duty of the country (13)?" Say "What a shame (14)! Zhong Nifang painted feathers (15), engaged in Chinese poetry, with support as the purpose (16), forbearing to see whether the people know or not (17); How can a husband be worthy of serving the people? ( 18)! Peter is suitable for women and (19)? Yu Yi and (20)? It was an error (2 1). Today's people are divorced from true learning, so they regard the people as well, and they can't rest for future generations (22). It is difficult to treat. "
Do not forget people (23), not give cloth (24). Businessmen are contemptuous (25), although things are tit for tat, God is tit for tat.
As foreigners, Jin and Mu also (26); For those who committed internal punishment, they moved and went too far (27). Night when People Leave Prison (28), Jin Mu News (29); In terms of internal punishment, Yin and Yang eat it (30). Husbands are exempt from punishment inside and outside, which only real people can do.
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There was a man named Cao Shang in the State of Song. He sent an envoy to the State of Qin to see the King of Song. When he went to the state of Qin, he got several cars presented by the King of Song. Qin Wang was very happy and gave 100 more cars. When Cao Shang returned to Song State, he met Zhuangzi and said, "Living in a remote and narrow alley, I was so poor that I knitted my own Ma Xie. My neck was dry and my face was hungry. This is where I am inferior to others; Once I have the opportunity to make the monarch of a big country realize the number of vehicles following me, this is where I surpass others. " Zhuangzi said, "I heard that the King of Qin was ill. Call his doctor. Those who have broken abscesses, ulcers and sores can ride once, and those who have licked hemorrhoids can ride five times. The lower the processed part, the more vehicles they can get. Have you ever licked hemorrhoids for the king of Qin? Why are there so many award-winning vehicles? Go away! "
Lu Aigong asked Yan He, "I want to appoint Zhong Ni as minister. Is there any hope for the country? " Yan He said, "This is very dangerous, really dangerous! Zhong Ni was bent on whitewashing peace, chasing after it, preaching false words, taking small details as the gist, distorting his thoughts and showing off to the people, without knowing that he had no integrity at all; Let this practice take the heart and dominate the spirit, how can we manage good people! Is Zhongni really suitable for you, or will you really raise people? There is no doubt that your consideration is wrong. It is not the way to guide people to deviate from their true feelings and learn fraud now. For the sake of future generations, it is better to give up the above plan as soon as possible. It is difficult for Kong Qiu to govern the country well. "
Giving kindness to others without forgetting to return it is far from nature's extensive and selfless gift to the whole world. The merchants who repay their kindness look down on them, and even if they want to associate with him, they look down on them in their hearts.
Nothing more than metal or wooden instruments of torture is imposed on the punishment of flesh and blood; What brings punishment to the inner world is one's own troubles and negligence in action. When a villain is punished by the body, he is tortured by instruments of torture; The punishment of the villain's heart is the infringement caused by the stagnation of yin and yang. Only real people can avoid internal and external punishment and humiliation.
original text
Confucius said: "The human heart is more dangerous than mountains and rivers (1), and it is difficult to know the sky;" There are also spring, autumn, winter, summer, autumn and dusk, and people are deeply affectionate (2). Therefore, it is beneficial to have a good look (3), long words (4), smooth words (5), firm words (6) and slow words (7). Therefore, those who thirst for righteousness (8) are eager to get rid of righteousness. Therefore, a gentleman looks at loyalty from a distance, looks at respect from a near distance, is tired of looking at energy, is anxious to see knowledge (9), is anxious to see letters, asks for money to look at benevolence, is wary of danger, looks at the side drunk (10), and looks at colors. Nine signs to (1 1), there is no shame. "
I'm taking an examination of my father's death (12), but I'm dying (13), dying (14), walking along the wall (15). Who dares to make mistakes! If you are a husband (16), you will be killed by Lu Ju (17), then you will die in the car (18), and you will be famous for your father (19) after three lives. Who cares about Tang Xu (20)!
The thief's greatest virtue is the ciliary heart (2 1) and the ciliary eye (22), but he is defeated by the inner eye. Five fierce virtues (23), with China and Germany being the first (24). What is China and Germany? There are also good things in China and Germany, and there are also good things that they don't do (25).
Poverty has eight poles (26), three unique skills (27) and six hospitals (28). Beauty, beard, long, big, strong, beautiful, brave and daring (29) are superior to others because they are poor. Fate, depression and fear are not like people (30), and all three can be obtained. Knowing wisdom and knowing the outside world (3 1), being brave and complaining, being benevolent and responsible. Those who reach the goal of life will succeed (32), those who know will succeed (33), those who reach the goal of life will follow (34), and those who reach the goal of life will suffer (35).
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Confucius said: "the human heart is more sinister than mountains and rivers, and it is more difficult to predict the astronomical phenomena;" There is still a certain cycle in nature, which changes in the morning and evening, but people's faces are complex and changeable, and their emotions are hidden deeply. Some people seem honest, but they are arrogant at heart. Some people seem to be elders, but in fact they are not right. Some people are cautious in appearance and impatient in heart, but rational. Some people are strong in appearance, but lazy. Some people are dull in appearance, but tough in heart. As a result, people rush to benevolence and righteousness like thirsty for spring water, and abandon benevolence and righteousness like avoiding heat and flame. Therefore, gentlemen always let people stay away from their posts to observe whether they are loyal, whether they are respectful when doing things nearby, whether they have the ability to deal with messy things, whether they are wise when suddenly asking questions, whether they are trustworthy when entrusted with tasks with urgent deadlines, whether they are clean when entrusted with property observation, and whether they are sober, drunk and observe their manners, and observe their attitude towards women in a mixed way. The above nine performances are verified one by one, and the bad guys are naturally singled out. "
When Zheng Kao's father was first appointed as a scholar, he bowed to everyone. When he was appointed as a doctor again, he bent down deeply. When he was appointed as a doctor for the third time, he leaned forward more humbly, always making way for the avenue and walking quickly along the wall. Who dares to do anything wrong with such a modest attitude! If an ordinary person is appointed as a scholar for the first time, he will be arrogant and reserved; If he is appointed as a doctor again, he will dance in the car; If you are appointed Qing for the third time, you will be called uncle. Who would be as humble as Tang Yao and Xu You?
The biggest harm is intentional Xiu De, have a mind's eye. With the mind's eye, you will judge things subjectively, and subjective judgment will inevitably lead to failure. There are five senses that cause disaster: heart, ears, eyes, tongue and nose, and internal worry is the first disaster. Where is the evil of inner scheming? The so-called inner scheming evil refers to being self-righteous and slandering things that you don't agree with.
Embarrassment comes from the following eight aspects of self-reliance and reserve, while patency is the inevitable development based on the following three situations, just like a body must have six viscera. Beautiful, bearded, tall, burly, strong, gorgeous, brave and courageous, these eight strengths are far superior to others, so relying on others will inevitably lead to difficulties and embarrassment. Conformity, obedience, difficulty, timidity and modesty can all help us to do things well. Self-reliance and wisdom show off, courage and agitation will lead to more resentment, and advocating benevolence and righteousness will lead to more blame. Those who know the truth of life are open-minded, those who know the reason are empty, those who know the way to live long are natural, and those who know the reason of short life can enjoy it.
original text
People have seen the King of the Song Dynasty (1), tin cars take ten (2), and Zhuangzi is proud of ten (3). Zhuangzi said, "There was a poor family on the river who ate (4) because of his weakness, and his son had no Yuyuan Garden (5) and got a golden ball. His father said to his son,' Forge it with stones! In-laws' daughters' pearls will fall under the dragon's chin (7), and the son who can get pearls will be slept by him (8). Get a dragon slap (9), and the son is still arrogant (10)! "The depth of this Song Dynasty is not straight nine times (11); Wang Songzhi is fierce, not straight dragon; If a child can get a car, he will sleep. Make the King of Song angry, and his son is Fenfu (12)! "
Or employed by Zhuangzi. At his request, Zhuangzi said, "I think my husband sacrificed cattle (13)? Clothes are embroidered with embroidery (14), and food is Uncle Chu (15), which is brought into the temple. Although they want to be orphans (16), they can get it! "
Zhuangzi is dying, and disciples want to give him a good burial. Zhuangzi said, "I take heaven and earth as coffins (17), the sun and the moon as walls (18), the stars as pearls, and everything as coffins (19). Isn't my burial utensil for evil? Why add this? " Disciple said, "Master, I am afraid of eating black kites." (20) "Zhuangzi" said: "It is wrong to feed on black kites and ants! "
If it is uneven (2 1), it is uneven (22); If you don't sign (23), you won't sign (24). Wise men only do it (25), and God signs it (26). My husband's knowledge has not been invincible for a long time. And fools enter people by what they see (27), and their merits are also (28), which is not sad!
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A man went to visit the King of Song, who gave him ten chariots and horses to show off in front of Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi said, "There was a poor family who lived by weaving reed mats by the river. His son dived into the abyss and got a precious treasure. The father said to his son, "Take a stone to hammer this baby!" " ! Precious treasure must come from under the chin of the black dragon at the bottom of the deep pool. You can get such a treasure easily, and you must be just when the black dragon is sleeping. If the black dragon wakes up, do you still want to come back alive?' Nowadays, the sinister realm of the Song Dynasty is far more than the bottom of the deep pool; The king of songs is far more ferocious than the black dragon. You can get ten horses from the King of Song. You must have fallen asleep when you met the King of Song. If King Song wakes up, you will be shattered. "
Zhuangzi was hired. Zhuangzi answered his messenger, "Did you see the cow that was going to be sacrificed? Is it possible to make a calf by putting embroidered flowers on it, feeding it forage and beans, and then leading it into the ancestral temple to kill it for sacrifice? "
Zhuangzi is dying, and his disciples intend to bury him with many things. Zhuangzi said, "I take heaven and earth as coffins, the sun and the moon as walls, and the stars as pearls. Everything can be buried with me. Isn't the thing I buried with complete? Where do you need to add these things! " Disciple said, "We are worried that crows and eagles will peck at Mr. Wang's body." Zhuangzi said: "The dead bodies will be eaten by crows and eagles, and buried deep underground will be eaten by ants. How can you be so eccentric and feed the food of crows and eagles to ants! "
Pursuing equality with prejudice is definitely not innate equality; Man-made induction is used to fulfill external things, and such fulfillment is by no means natural induction. People who think they are smart will only be driven by external things, and people who are completely out of the spiritual world will naturally feel. People who think they are smart have long been inferior to those who are completely detached from the spiritual world, while ignorant people are always addicted to secularism and personnel by virtue of prejudice. Their utility lies only in the pursuit of things other than the flesh. Isn't that sad?