Imperial clan king sun
Li He was born in the sixth year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong (AD 790), a ruined aristocratic family. His distant ancestor was Li Liang, uncle of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, and a distant relative of the imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty. When Wu Zetian was in power, she killed many great-grandfather descendants. By the time Li He's father, Li Jinsong, had become a minor celebrity, his family had fallen into poverty and had disappeared into Long Valley.
Li He is very proud of his noble Li Tang lineage. He mentioned many times in his health: "Li Changji, the grandson of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty", "Who is unwilling for his grandson" and "Please Cao Zhi for the grandson of the emperor". But in fact, I'm afraid he's not even a direct line of Zheng's royal family, at least his family line has long since declined.
Describing his family, Li He said, "I live in a house on the mountain with an acre of land. The night rain calls the renter, and the sound is dark. " ("Send the Wei brothers into the customs") Father Li Jinsu was hired as a "border resident" in his early years. In the third year of Dali (768), I went to work in Shu. He once met his cousin Du Fu in the police, and he has been "wandering" all his life. During the Zhenyuan period when Li He was born, Jin Su was slightly promoted and became the magistrate of Shaanxi County, but he died of old age soon. Mother Zheng gave birth to a daughter and two sons, who live in Changgu. After the eldest daughter got married, the family became poorer. Li He and his two brothers went out to make a living and wanted to fill their stomachs. "If you want to see thousands of miles away, you are willing to beat millet" ("Two Poems of Mourning in Little Season to Send Lushan Mountain"), which is desolate, can be seen here.
Li He was thin from childhood, with long eyebrows and claws, and his appearance was very distinctive. He is very clever. He can write poems at the age of seven and is good at "speed reading". According to legend, Li He was seven years old in the twelfth year of Zhenyuan (AD 796). When Han Yu and Huang Fushi visited, Li He wrote a poem "Gao Xuan Guo", which surprised Han Yu and Huang Fushi. Li He became famous in Luo Jing. Li He, a little older, rode a donkey to find a sentence during the day, explored the bag at dusk, and burned ointment. He worked very hard.
Li Shangyin wrote a short biography and said, "When Heng was a child, he teased slaves, rode a huge donkey and carried an old backpack. When he got something, he threw the book into his bag and returned at dusk. His wife asked the maid to take it out. She read a lot of books and said,' That was my ear!' "。 In the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (804), fifteen-year-old Li He was as famous as Li Yi in Beijing.
Tang Shunzong Yong Zhenyuan years (805), Li He was sixteen years old. In those days, Shunzong succeeded to the throne in spite of illness (stroke), and Wang and Wei Zhiyi were appointed to get rid of the disadvantages and bring forth the new, which is called Yongzhen innovation in history. In August, eunuchs and literary talents colluded with aristocratic bureaucrats to change Yuan Yongzhen, forcing Shunzong to abdicate due to illness, and the New Deal failed. The following year, Shunzong died of illness. Tang people (Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan, etc. There is an allusion in their poems that Shunzong did not die of illness, but was killed. When Li He became an adult, he learned about it and wrote a satirical "Han Drinking Song".
Frustrated in official career
In the second year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (AD 807), Li He was about eighteen years old, that is, the title of the poem was widely circulated. In the third and fourth years of Yuanhe (AD 808-809), Li He wrote "Wild Goose Gate" to pay tribute to Han Yu. It was said that Han Yu was in Luoyang, and Li He went to pay tribute. It is said that Han Yu and Huang Fushi once paid a return visit together and wrote the famous poem "Gao Xuan Guo". I could have risen to the top of my family, but I was "not weak then", that is, my father lost me. At that time, the funeral was limited to three years, so it was not until the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10) that Han Yucai and Li Heshu advised him to take the Jinshi exam.
In the early winter of that year, Li He, 2 1 year-old, took part in the room-style host, and Han Yu took part in the Henan government test, and made "Henan government test in December, the music words leap over the moon", which won in one fell swoop and went to Chang 'an to study at the end of the year. However, when the fan is off, every dog can't meet him. People who are jealous of talents spread rumors that Li He's father's names "Jin Su", "Jin" and "Jin" are "disrespectful". Although Han Yu defended him with "quality is in the law" and "recorded in the canon", he was helpless and Li He had to leave the hospital angrily.
In the spring of the third year of Yuanhe (AD 808), Li He, aged 19, left Beijing and returned to Changgu to write and leave the city. In that year 10, he went west to Chang 'an again. Stopped in Luoyang, Han Yu and Huang Fushi visited and asked who was the last to come. Li He thanked them for their "Gao Xuanguo". 10 14, Li He bid farewell to his predecessors in the courtyard of Renhe Li Fang, Luoyang, and wrote "Renhe Huangfu's Family".
In the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10), Li He was twenty-one, and Han Yu was transferred to Henan Order (Henan Prefecture, which governs Luoyang). There is a poem "Yan Henan Mansion Scholar", in which "I only want to write articles, but dare not envy and argue". It may be that I feel sorry for the unfortunate experience of Li He before and advise this year's candidates.
It was a heavy blow to Li He that he failed to get into the Jinshi exam. He wrote many poems to express his anger and returned to Nagaya that year. About because he is a descendant of Li Tang's imperial clan, and Han Yu won the prize for it, in May of Yuanhe six years (8 1 1), Li He returned to Chang 'an and was recommended by the imperial clan. After the examination, his father's shadow became an official, and he was appointed as a gift lang. After that, he was imprisoned in Chang 'an for three years. As an official for three years, Li He personally experienced, heard and witnessed many things, made a group of like-minded friends and had a deep understanding of the social situation at that time.
Although my personal life is not satisfactory, I have created a series of poems that reflect reality and lash out at the darkness. Although the mood here is "like a dog", it has increased life experience, expanded knowledge and gained great gains in poetry creation. The so-called congratulatory poems "deeply stab the disadvantages of the present world and reach the point of seclusion" (Wen Yao's Ci in Qing Dynasty), most of which were produced in this period. His prominent position in the poetry circle of the middle Tang Dynasty and even the whole literary world of the Tang Dynasty should be said to be mainly laid by nearly 60 works created during this period.
Wandering in old age
Because there is no hope of relocation, fame and fortune, grief and indignation are getting deeper and deeper. Coupled with the death of his wife, Li He was depressed and sick. In the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), he returned to Long Valley to recuperate for a period of time. However, unwilling to sink, he went south again, hoping to show his talents in South Chu or wuyue. When he left Chang 'an, his friend, Monk Wu (Monk of Qinglong Temple), once wrote a poem "Send Li Changji to serve as Dongjing", wishing him success in the southern expedition, but the result was not good either.
"Kyushu personnel is so", he returned to Luoyang, bid farewell to his elder Huang Fushi and other relatives and friends, and went west to Chang 'an on October 14 of the same year. In the ninth year of Yuanhe (8 14), he resolutely resigned from Feng's post and returned to Changgu. Then take Yiyang, Luoyang and Heyang, enter Taihang, and arrive in Luzhou (now Changzhi City, Shanxi Province) in late autumn. After that, under the recommendation of Zhang Che in Luzhou, he worked as an adjutant for three years, serving Zhao Yijun in our time and helping to deal with official documents.
In the 11th year of Yuanhe (8 16), because the northern buffer region was king and the separatist forces were rampant, Xi Shi Mei sought change and went to Luoyang to recuperate, and his friend Zhang Che also returned to Chang 'an. Li He had no choice but to support his illness and return to the former residence of Changgu to sort out his poems. He died of illness at the age of 27.
outline
Li He (about 790 AD-about 8 17), with a long word, is the "pioneer of Changji style poetry". During the Tang Dynasty, a native of Fuchang, Henan Province (now Yiyang County, Luoyang, Henan Province), lived in Fuchang Changgu, later called Li Changgu, and was a descendant of the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty and Tang Gaozu Li Yuan's uncle Li Liang. Known as "Shi Gui", he was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, as well as Du Fu, Li Bai, Shi Fo and Wang Wei. There are famous articles such as Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing and Yu Liping Yin. He is the author of Long Valley Collection.
Li He was a romantic poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and he was also called "Sanli" in Tang Dynasty with Li Bai and Li Shangyin. ? It is a representative of the transition period from the middle Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems lament the untimely birth, feel depressed and express the pursuit of ideals and ambitions; It reflects the situation that the vassal region was divided, the eunuchs were authoritarian and brutally exploited the people. Left behind "dark clouds crush the city and want to destroy it", "chickens crow and the world is white", "If there is love in the sky, the sky will be old" and so on.
Li He's poems are full of imagination, and often convey his feelings with myths and legends, so later generations often call him "a ghost genius" and "Shi Gui", and his poems are called "the words of a ghost fairy". There is a saying that "talents are too white and talents are too long." Li He is another famous romantic poet in the history of China literature after Qu Yuan and Li Bai.
Due to long-term depression and sentimental life style, Li He resigned as an official due to illness in Yuanhe eight years (8 13) and returned to Changgu. He died young at the age of 27.
Extended data:
Personal realization
officialdom
In May of the 6th year of Yuanhe (8 1 1), Li He was recommended by Zong Ren, and his father Yin was appointed as Feng. Since then, during his three years as an official, Li He has personally heard and witnessed many things, made a group of like-minded friends, and had a profound understanding of the social situation at that time. Although Li He's personal life is not satisfactory, he has created a series of poems that reflect reality and lash out at the darkness. Although the mood here is "like a dog", it has increased life experience, expanded knowledge and gained a lot in poetry creation. The so-called congratulatory poem "deeply pierces the disadvantages of this world and cuts the hidden of this world".
poetic sentiment
According to Du Zai, there are 233 poems by Li He, all edited by himself and kept by Shen, a bachelor of Jixian County. There are 220 songs in four volumes after the Song Dynasty (all scholars in ancient and modern times mistakenly wrote 2 19 songs). Later, Wu Zhengzi made a note in the Southern Song Dynasty. According to Bao Qin's only version, he added a volume. The records of Tang and Song Dynasties are all called five volumes of congratulatory poems. The poem Yan Men Tai Shou Xing was included in the reading and appreciation of Unit 6 in the last semester of Grade 8 of Chinese published by Jiangsu Education Press, and it is one of the five ancient poems in Lesson 25 of Grade 7 of Chinese. Li Ping's Poetry Talk was selected as an elective course of Chinese in China Ancient Poetry Appreciation published by People's Education Press.
Style of works
The poetic style of Li He's poems is ethereal and even grotesque, and the content is mainly to express his grief and indignation towards talented people. Describe the imaginary world of ghosts and gods; Describe the sufferings of the people; Expose the evils of the times, criticize the debauchery of rulers, and praise the bravery of frontier fortress soldiers. Its artistic characteristics are: fantastic imagination, fantastic rhetoric, colorful changes and deliberate innovation. The image of poetry jumps and the structure is unconventional. Clever rhetoric and peculiar poetic language. However, it also has some shortcomings, such as the pursuit of strangeness and illusion, which is often obscure and dangerous, lacking a complete image and coherent emotional context, which is difficult to solve.
native place
Located in sanxiang town, 74 kilometers away from Luoyang and 39 kilometers away from Yiyang County, the transportation is convenient. The main layout is: the main entrance of the former residence, the main room, Li He's study room, the small courtyard where Li He's parents live, the back garden, Li He's poetry club and so on.
The Lianchang River to the east of Yiyang Village originates from Shaanxi County, passes through the valley from northwest to southeast, enters Yiyang Village through the northeast of Luoning County, and flows into Luohe River. Changgu is located at the confluence of Lianchang River and Luohe River, hence its name. The old "Yiyang County Records" contained: "Changji (Li He) is versatile and lives in Changgu". In Li He's poems, there are many works that directly take Changgu as the theme.
According to the sentence of "Gongbei Xiao Tian Han Qi" in Thirteen Poems of South Garden, this palace is the Company Commander Palace, which was built in Tang Gaozong for three years (658). It is also called the Company Commander Palace (also known as Yuyang Palace) and Lanchang Palace. The site of Lianchang Palace is in Lianchang River Valley, and Li He's hometown is not far from Lianchang Palace. There is "Cold Shayun Mountain" (Guangwu Temple) in the west, and there are several female mountains across the river in the south. The famous Wuhua Temple Tower stands on the west bank of Lianchang River. Many powerful celebrities in those days, such as Wu Zetian, Tang Xuanzong, Zhang Jiuling, Cen Can, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Du Mu and so on. There are poems that are recited and sung.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Li He