The development and application of reclaimed water technology in China began with the reform and opening up. 1980 the first indoor water supply and drainage technical exchange meeting held by the national water supply and drainage technical information network in Guangzhou was not about the technical exchange of reclaimed water. It was not until 1984 that China began to enter the first stage of the development of reclaimed water technology.
The development and application of reclaimed water technology in China began with the reform and opening up. 1980 the first indoor water supply and drainage technical exchange meeting held by the national water supply and drainage technical information network in Guangzhou was not about the technical exchange of reclaimed water. It was not until 1984 that China began to enter the first stage of the development of reclaimed water technology.
1. Technology introduction, digestion, research and test stage
1984 The second indoor water supply and drainage technology exchange meeting in china civil engineering society was held in Beijing Jingxi Hotel. At the meeting, the article "Japanese Reclaimed Water Technology" written by Professor Tsinghua University Ming was handed in. The translated version of reclaimed water technology of Beijing Municipal Design Institute has also been exchanged on the information network. The pilot project of reclaimed water by Xing Jian and others of Beijing Institute of Environmental Protection was carried out in the courtyard of Beijing Institute of Environmental Protection. The publication of related articles and the introduction of reclaimed water research conducted by Liu Wenqi of Beijing Municipal Research Institute in Fangzhuang Community of Beijing indicate that reclaimed water technology at that time was in the stage of learning Japanese reclaimed water technology, introducing engineering technology and equipment, and conducting pilot research on engineering application.
The main technical feature of this project is the application of traditional biological treatment technology and advanced treatment technology of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration. At that time, Han Xiaoqing from Tsinghua University, Beijing Architectural Design Institute, Urban Construction Institute and a factory in Jiangsu jointly conducted an experiment of treating bath wastewater by contact oxidation in the bathroom of Tiantan Hotel. In order to cooperate with the reclaimed water project in the east building of Jingxi Hotel, the design institute of barracks department of the General Logistics Department conducted a pilot test of coagulation and air flotation treatment of bath wastewater in the public bathroom of our hospital. The results showed that the project adopted biological treatment and physicochemical treatment technology.
2. The construction practice stage of reclaimed water engineering facilities
1987 In March, the inaugural meeting and technical exchange meeting of china civil engineering society Building Water Supply and Drainage Professional Committee was held in Xi 'an. Feng Zhennan discussed reclaimed water and reclaimed water treatment technology in combination with the design of reclaimed water station in Beijing International Trade Center. Zhang Yancan's Technical Survey of Japanese Middle Waterway and Sun Yulin's Design of Hotel Middle Waterway were exchanged and compiled into the first series of Building Water Supply and Drainage, New Technologies of Building Water Supply and Drainage. With the need of reclaimed water technology entering the engineering practice, the meeting decided to compile the Guide to the Design of Midcourse Waterway. But the progress of practice is faster than people expected, and the guide has not yet come out. The professional committee of building water supply and drainage of China Engineering Construction Standardization Association was approved by the superior association, and Xia Baozhen, Architectural Design and Research Institute of General Logistics Department, was responsible for compiling CECS Standard Specification for Reclaimed Water Design in Buildings.
Beijing 1987 Zheng Jingfa No.60 issued the Trial Measures for the Construction and Management of Reclaimed Water Facilities, the first local regulation on reclaimed water. At a symposium of engineers and technicians after the government document "Trial Measures for the Construction and Management of Reclaimed Water Facilities" was issued, everyone thought that the government was determined, but the technical preparation was insufficient. With the increasing shortage of water resources, the development of social economy and the deepening of reform and opening up, it shows the correctness of this management document issued by Beijing Municipal Government. Shenzhen, Dalian and other cities have also issued the "Trial Measures for the Construction and Management of Reclaimed Water Facilities", and the construction of reclaimed water facilities has begun to enter the stage of implementation according to law. 1991August 3 1, China Engineering Construction Standardization Committee issued "CECS 30: 9 1", which met the needs of engineering construction in time. However, the construction of reclaimed water facilities is uneven in the whole country. Although Shenzhen started early, it took a tortuous road. In more places, due to the different degree of water shortage, the situation of water shortage and water pollution and the importance of recycling sewage and wastewater have not been well understood and implemented. In Beijing, where water shortage is serious, the construction of reclaimed water facilities and corresponding technologies have developed rapidly.
The main feature of technical development at this stage is that various treatment technologies and methods have been tested in practical engineering applications, such as coagulation double filtration (sand filtration and activated carbon filtration) in Beijing government institute, biological turntable method, ozone oxidation method in some projects of Beijing Architectural Design Institute, membrane filtration made by Manpower and Wanhou Company, etc. During this period, there were many applied technology researches, such as the investigation and applied technology research of Beijing reclaimed water project by Beijing Water Saving Office and china environmental science Research Institute, and the economic and technical status of the project was analyzed by Beijing Environmental Science Research Institute. The research on the application technology of reclaimed water by the Architectural Design and Research Institute of the General Logistics Department has gradually formed and enriched the reclaimed water part of several editions of the Design Manual of Building Water Supply and Drainage, making reclaimed water technology a part of engineering application technology.
3. The new stage of full implementation
1999 The Standard and Quota Department of the Ministry of Construction prepares for the revision of Code for Design of Reclaimed Water in Buildings. On April 9, 20065438, the Standards and Quotas Department of the Ministry of Construction and the Urban Construction Department held a working meeting on the compilation of two national standards, namely, Code for Design of Reclaimed Water in Buildings and Code for Design of Wastewater Reuse. 200165438+On February 28th, Code for Design of Building Reclaimed Water passed the joint examination organized by the Ministry of Construction and was ready to be submitted for examination. The formulation and imminent release of the national standard "Code for Design of Reclaimed Water in Buildings" indicates that the construction of reclaimed water facilities has entered a new stage of national promotion. It is said that entering the "new" stage is reflected in the following three "new" aspects.
I. Facing the new situation of development
On September 25th, 2000, the State Council held a national conference on urban water supply, water saving and water pollution prevention. Vice Premier Wen Jiabao made an important speech, pointing out that urban water supply, water shortage and water pollution have faced a very serious situation, and it is time to solve them. Guo Fa [2000] No.36 issued the Notice on Strengthening Water Saving in Urban Water Supply and Water Pollution Prevention.
In mid-June, 2000, Premier Zhu hosted a meeting on the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Zhongnanhai. After listening to the opinions of the leaders of relevant departments and experts in various fields in the State Council, according to the requirements of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 15th Central Committee, he suggested stepping up the preliminary work of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and starting construction as soon as possible. At the same time, he made an important instruction of "saving water before water transfer, pollution control before water supply, environmental protection before water supply".
At the end of 2000, the Ministry of Construction carried out the relevant instructions of the central government, intensified the supporting work of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, vigorously carried out water saving and sewage recycling, and strengthened the formulation of relevant codes and regulations, and decided to upgrade the original "Code for Design of Reclaimed Water in CECS Buildings" and "Code for Design of Sewage Treatment and Utilization" to national standards for comprehensive revision. On the utilization of reclaimed water, two specifications, one regulation, one study and several water quality standards are compiled, revised and studied at the same time. The promulgation of these norms, regulations and standards will strengthen the recycling of sewage and wastewater and create a new situation in the construction of reuse facilities. For example, Notice No.2 of Beijing Third Committee No.2001is the Notice on Strengthening the Construction and Management of Reclaimed Water Facilities.
Second, the construction of recycling facilities will be carried out in more updated ways.
Urban water pollution control and reclaimed water reuse will be combined with ecological environment construction, urban sewage treatment and utilization will be strengthened, urban reclaimed water plant construction will be combined with building and community environment construction, reclaimed water reuse in residential quarters will be further developed, and utilization methods and system types will be diversified. There are three types of water quality (miscellaneous drainage, domestic sewage and secondary treated water) in the national standard "Code for Design of Reclaimed Water in Buildings". There are many kinds of renewable water sources in the community: miscellaneous drainage, sewage treatment plant effluent, relatively clean industrial drainage, domestic sewage, rainwater and so on. The types of systems used can be varied, such as complete diversion system, partial complete diversion system, semi-diversion system and simplified system without diversion pipe system. A variety of renewable water sources and diversified utilization methods will be more conducive to the development of renewable facilities.
Third, the development of applied technology will reach a new level.
From 1987 to 10 years of engineering application practice, rich positive and negative experiences have been accumulated. 200 1 Beijing Urban Water Conservation Office has compiled the first and second parts of Selected Examples of Reclaimed Water Project, which comprehensively summarizes the engineering practice, technology, economy and experience, and will be published soon. It is believed that this selection and evaluation will play a connecting role in the development of reclaimed water technology in China, just as Professor Aya Rijiao of the University of Tokyo systematically sorted out the application projects in the development of reclaimed water technology in Japan in 198 1 and edited the Practical Manual of Middle Waterway, which has made clear the direction for the further application and development of reclaimed water technology in Japan. Many new treatment and utilization methods, such as membrane separation (MF, UF, NF, RO) technology, membrane bioreactor, biological aerated filter, biological activated carbon, soil biological system and soil capillary absorption and utilization system (artificial land system), introduced by the national standard "Code for Design of Reclaimed Water in Buildings", have been successfully applied at home and abroad, and the application technology of reclaimed water engineering will be popularized in the future.
It is believed that under the new situation, after the icon of Code for Design of Reclaimed Water in Buildings was released, the national standard atlas of Reclaimed Water Engineering in Buildings was released. The construction of reclaimed water facilities will be more extensive, and the construction of reclaimed water projects and the development of reclaimed water technology will enter a new stage of development.
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