administrative measure
politics
After he ascended the throne, Tuoba Tao was ambitious and fought in the south and the north, mainly by means of war to solve the contradictions between opposing regimes. But Tuoba Tao is not a reckless warrior, but a politician and strategist who is good at sizing up the situation and making strategic thinking. While resorting to war, he also tried to ease the contradiction with the hostile regime and establish friendly relations through diplomatic envoys, gifts and marriage according to the situation. During the thirty years of Tuoba Tao's rule, there were numerous facts that the post-Wei Dynasty exchanged envoys with Rouran, Huxia, Beiyan, Beiliang and other countries. There are many examples of intermarriage.
For example, in the first year of God, Tuoba Tao welcomed the captured duke of Xia Guo, He Lianchang, into the capital city of Pingcheng. He not only offered a generous sacrifice, but also made him king and married a princess with his sister. Before that, Tuoba Tao had accepted Xia Zhuchang's three sisters as your wives and made one of them a queen. In the second year of Yanhe, Tuoba Tao sent an envoy to chase after wood blade, the master of Beiliang, and married his sister wuwei princess, whose sister was Zhao Yi. Three years later, Tuoba Tao took Princess Haixi to marry Rouran Hanwuti and married his sister. In the eleventh year of Taiping, Tuoba Tao led the army to cut the Song Dynasty and reached Guabu. In the situation of victory, he offered to ask for a peaceful marriage. He quoted the envoy of the Song Dynasty in Sun Tzu's Art of War as saying: "I came from afar not for fame, but for being close to the people and being a friend forever. If Song can take his wife as his grandson, I will take my wife King Wuling, and this horse will no longer look south. " He expressed his desire to establish friendly relations through marriage. Of course, Tuoba GUI's marriage motives, envoys and tributes are not very pure. But in wartime, even a short-term peace is conducive to restoring social production and alleviating people's suffering. In order to accomplish the great cause of reunification, Tuoba GUI can effectively use war and peaceful means, which shows that he is Tuoba GUI who pays equal attention to economic construction, ideological construction and cultural construction. He said: "The rich are the foundation of the army." He knows that material wealth is a major event related to the outcome of the war and the survival of the regime.
Lu said, "Xu Zu succeeded to the throne and opened up the world, so the people of the five parties have their own characteristics. So even if they are taught, it is not easy to change their customs. It is not easy for them to unite the government. They pay tribute to each other to fill their positions, collect their goods, and take birds and animals when they are old for their users to board in the dining room. " According to the fact that there are many nationalities and different modes of production in the areas under his rule, he insists on the policy of not changing the traditional modes of production, lifestyles and customs of people of all ethnic groups. Pay attention not only to the agricultural production of Han nationality, but also to the animal husbandry and hunting habits of ethnic minorities. By developing agricultural and animal husbandry production, collecting private rents, accepting tributes from all ethnic groups and plundering by war, we can increase material wealth and ensure military expenditure.
military affairs
Tuoba Tao paid special attention to army building. The nomadic hunting life in Mongolian grassland has exercised Xianbei people's strong physique, wild character and superb riding and shooting skills. The army, especially the cavalry, was an important tool to defeat the enemy in the Northern Wei Dynasty. To improve
For example, Xianbei noble mound, Wei Taizong sealed Hou with military merit, and Tuoba Tao sealed him. In the first year of God's rule, he and Sikong Hitting were ordered to lead an army to expel Wang Xia's younger brother Helian Bobo. When he heard the news that Xiting was defeated and captured, he ran away. Tuoba Tao ordered the escaping mound to be beheaded. In the five years of Taipingjun, he waited for eight generals to be in Zhongshan, Xuebian and Shang as soon as possible, "sitting in the background, attacking in softness, in the south of Du". When I arrived in Jassamyn Liu, because of the revision of the imperial edict, I changed my mind to punish those generals who were soft, resulting in "running soft and not catching up". In addition, he was also guilty of bribery and other crimes, and Tuoba Tao ordered the "three tribes of foreigners". Eight years in Taiping County and eight years in Fufeng County. In the war to suppress the Wu Gai uprising, "there was no army, plundered there, got tens of millions of trophies, and was killed by the well." Tuoba Tao made good use of the right to use rhymes to reward and punish, and purged military discipline. In addition, Tuoba Tao himself took the lead in the war and played a positive role in inspiring soldiers to fight bravely and ensuring victory in the battle. For example, in the fourth year of the first light, Tuoba Tao led 30,000 Qingqi and raided the capital Xia Guo. Together with the soldiers, he fought against the wind and sand, endured hunger and thirst, and fought fiercely with Xia Jun outside Wantong. Once he fell to the ground because of his lame horse, mounted his horse and continued to fight, and soon killed more than a dozen generals in Xia. After that, he was "trapped", but he still "struggled unremittingly". Because the army led by Tuoba Tao has strict discipline, it can take the lead in the battle. "People are thinking and doing their own work, and he can't go anywhere."
economy
In the fifth year of Jian 'an, Wutai Tuoba Road adopted Gao Yun's suggestion of "farming and accumulating grain" and ordered "banning farmland to enrich the people". In five years, the Taiping Army adopted Gu Bi's suggestion and reduced half of the land in Shangguyuan to civilian land. In the last years of Taipingjun, Prince Tuoba Huang supervised the country and implemented the practice of changing fields between cattle households and non-cattle households. Cultivated land has greatly increased. With the expansion of agricultural arable land, the output has greatly increased. In the first three years, under the command of Tuoba Road, many miscellaneous merchants returned to the county town, increasing the number of taxpayers. In addition, Tuoba Tao has repeatedly promulgated the imperial edict of "collecting taxes extensively and benefiting the people". He also rewarded the slaughter of "persuading farmers to pay taxes" and severely punished corrupt officials. The above measures have lightened people's burden and promoted the development of agricultural production.
In the early post-Wei period, animal husbandry still played an important role in social economy. It is the main source of wealth and war horses. The situation of animal husbandry is not only related to the financial situation, but also directly affects the quality of the army with cavalry as the main force. Therefore, Tuoba Tao attached great importance to the development of animal husbandry. In the second year of Zongshen, after defeating Rouran and Gaoche, Tuoba Tao "migrated Rouran and Gaoche people to the south of the desert, the east of Suiyuan, the west of Wuyuan and the west of Yinshan Mountain for farming and grazing, and accepted their tribute. It is a folk in Wei, and horses, cows, sheep and their felt skins are cheap. " "Sai-jo Ping, Qin Shenlong, and the water plants in Hexi are all good, but I think the grass is good. There are more than two million horses, half camels and countless cattle and sheep. " These records reflect Tuoba Tao's emphasis on animal husbandry and his prosperity at that time.
Tuoba Tao regards saving expenses and reducing waste as an important measure to ensure the praise of military strategists. History records that he "made a fortune, enjoyed royal dinners and gave them to others." It's not good for Jane and Lee, and he has no taste in food. Fortunately, Zhao Yi was born in a noble family and her clothes were not gorgeous. "All' rewards' are the destination of merit and death, and the love of relatives for pets is never equal." Tuoba Tao opposed a more complete capital, decorated palaces, opposed Buddhism, and punished fiends.
Wei Wudi Tuoba Tao is wise, wise and decisive. During his reign, with the help of II, he made great efforts to conquer the whole country, so Rong Xuan went out to deal with the crisis. Sweeping Wan, Long, Cape, Three Seas, Dangheyuan, Nanyihedan and Beiperistalsis unified the northern part of China in one fell swoop, ending the chaotic situation of the northern separatist regime since the late Western Jin Dynasty and providing favorable conditions for the recovery and development of the northern society, economy and culture. This is also the heyday of David's martial arts. Its outstanding military talents are also extremely rare in the history of China. In addition, he extensively collected Han Confucianism, cleaned up bureaucracy, revised laws and regulations, supervised farming and mulberry planting, and advocated Confucianism, which promoted the feudal process of Wei Dynasty.