I worked as a junior official for several years, then resigned and went home, and lived in seclusion from then on. Pastoral life is an important theme of Tao's poems, and people later called him an "pastoral poet".
In his pastoral poems, his boredom with dirty reality and his love for quiet pastoral life can be seen everywhere. In "Returning to the Garden", he wrote the officialdom as a "dust net", and compared it with "catching birds" and "pond fish", and compared retiring the countryside to breaking out of the cage and returning to "nature".
Because of his actual labor experience, his poems are full of the joy of laborers, showing the thoughts and feelings that only laborers can feel. For example, the third poem "Returning to the Garden" is a powerful proof that this is the progress of his pastoral poetry.
The poet was disappointed with the reality and was forced to return to poetry to build an ideal society. Peach Blossom Garden poetry is a reflection of his ideological tendency.
In addition to his pastoral poems, Tao Yuanming also has poems praising warriors, poems full of patriotic enthusiasm and poems isolated from the world, which shows the complexity of his poetic thoughts.
Tao Yuanming's poems are mostly based on rural scenery and ordinary life, which are directly expressed by simple language and line drawing techniques, making people feel natural, cordial and sincere, without any traces of artificial carving, guiding readers to appreciate the relaxed and diluted feelings and enter the artistic conception created by the poet.
Wang Wei (70 1-76 1) was born in Zhou Pu (now Yongji County, Shaanxi Province).
Representative works include "Going to the Frontier", "Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains", "Wei Shui Peasant House", "Thinking of Shandong Brothers in Mountain Holiday" and "Sending Two Envoys to Anxi".
He is a precocious writer. He became famous when he was nine years old. At the age of 19, he went to Beijing to try to lift his head (that is, the first prize) and was a scholar at the age of 21. He was once sent to the fortress and served in Korea most of the time. An Shi Rebellion was held in Bordet. He pretended to be ill. In the Anshi Rebellion, he was accused of flattering thieves and officials. Because he once wrote poems, he was only demoted. After the official to the minister, you cheng.
Wang Wei's achievements in poetry are various, including frontier poems, landscape poems, metrical poems and quatrains. Wang Wei is also a famous master of painting. Su Shi said: "There are paintings in poetry and poems in paintings." . Wang Wei really has his unique attainments in describing natural scenery. Whether it is the grandeur of famous mountains and rivers, the grandeur of frontier fortress or the quietness of small bridges and flowing water, it can accurately and concisely create a perfect and vivid image, with less ink, high artistic conception and complete integration of poetry and painting. Wang Youcheng has collected 28 volumes.
Li Bai (70 1~762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. His ancestral home is Ji Cheng in Longxi (now Qin 'an County, Tianshui City, Gansu Province). At the end of the Sui Dynasty, he rented a house in Central Asia to commit crimes. Li Bai's family background and birthplace are still a mystery, and there are different opinions in academic circles. Li Bai was born in Broken Leaf City, which is under the jurisdiction of Duhu Prefecture in Anxi, and moved to Qinglian Township, Changlong County, Mianzhou at the age of five.
Li Bai is unrestrained, loves the style of strategists, loves Ren Xia and despises commodities. I spent my early years in Shu. His father is a rich businessman. Li Bai began to roam the whole country at the age of twenty-five, passing through Hubei, Jiangxi, Henan, Shandong and other places.
Li Bai despises powerful people. It is said that he was drunk and Gao Made took off his boots in front of Xuanzong. Gao Lishi thought it was a great shame, so he picked Li Bai's poems and angered Yang Guifei. Every time Xuanzong asked Li Bai to be an official, Yang Guifei stopped him. Knowing that Xuanzong's cronies had a problem with him, Li Bai begged to return to China. Xuanzong gave him property and told him to leave.
Li Bai was a great romantic poet in China in the Tang Dynasty, and was known as "Poet Fairy". His poems are heroic and magnificent, containing the fantasy of breaking through the reality, reflecting on the sufferings of people's livelihood at that time and attacking the political darkness. His prose is fresh, clear, unrestrained and fluent.
The author of the complete works of Li Taibai.
Representative works include Long March, Hengjiang Ci, Wuqi Qu, Difficult Road to Shu, Midnight, Antique, Car Flying Dust, Difficult Travel, Liang and so on.
Du Fu (7 12-770): a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The words are beautiful, and the poetry tastes like an old man who claims to be young and wild. Originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), he moved to Gongxian (now Henan) since his great-grandfather. Du Yes's grandson. I am studious, knowledgeable and politically ambitious since I was a child. In the late kaiyuan period, there were many literati wandering around. Tianbao met Li Bai in Luoyang in 744. After living in Chang 'an (now Shaanxi) for nearly ten years, he failed to display his talents, lived in poverty, gradually approached the people, and had a deep understanding of the dark politics at that time. By offering gifts, you can get an official. An Lushan's troops were trapped in Chang 'an, but fled to Fengxiang, where they met Su Zong, and officials left to meet them. After the recovery of Chang 'an, he returned to Beijing with Su Zong, and explored the way for the Four Duke of Huazhou to join the army. Soon, he gave up his official position and went to Qin Zhou and Tonggu. He moved to Chengdu and built a thatched cottage on Huanhuaxi, named Huanhuacaotang. He once served as a staff officer in Jiannan, our ambassador to Yanwu, and was a foreign minister of the school department. In his later years, he took his family out of Shu and died on the way to Xiangjiang River. Speaking of Lei Yang's death. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time, profoundly criticized the rulers' sins and showed deep sympathy for the poor people. Being good at choosing social themes with universal significance reflected the political corruption at that time and expressed the people's wishes to some extent. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from Kaiyuan to Tianbao to division and decline, so they are called "the history of poetry". In art, he is good at using various poetic forms, with diverse styles, mainly depressed; The language is concise and expressive. Inheriting and developing the excellent literary tradition since The Book of Songs has become the peak of realism in China's ancient poetry, which plays an important role in connecting the past with the future. Poems such as "Military Vehicle Shop", "Going from Beijing to Fengxian to recite 500 words", "Spring Hope", "Qiang Village", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials", "Three Farewells", "Autumn Wind Breaking Cottage" and "Autumn Prosperity" are all told by people. But some works also have a strong "loyalty to the monarch" thought. This is Du Gongbu.
Du Mu (803~852), born in Wanzhao, Tang Dynasty (now East of Xi City, Shaanxi Province); The prime minister's grandson. In the second year of Tang Wenzong Taihe (828), he passed the examination as a scholar and was awarded the title of librarian of Hong Wen Library. Successively Huangzhou secretariat, Chizhou secretariat, Zhou Mu secretariat, Suzhou secretariat, Tang Wuzong moved to Huichang Zhongshu Sheren. Du Mu was upright and upright, refused to cater to powerful people, dared to discuss major issues, and pointed out that Chen was ill. He paid attention to the affairs of the world today all his life, and he was very insightful about politics and soldiers. In Li Zhongcheng's Book, he said that he himself had a lot of research on "the rise and fall of chaos, the matter of wealth, the danger of terrain, and the gains and losses of the ancients".
Du Mu was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. He is good at poetry and ancient prose. After the founding of the Tang Dynasty 200 years ago, when poetry flourished and became famous, he was able to create a delicate style, which was unique in the late Tang Dynasty. People call it "Xiao Du", which is different from Du Fu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His ancient prose is vigorous and rich in content, many of which are related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Qing Hongliang commented: "There were people who were good at poetry and prose in the Tang Dynasty, but only Han, Liu and Xiao." In On Du Mu, King Zhu compared him to Jia Yi of the Western Han Dynasty and said, "Du Mu's talent is the first person after Tang Changqing! Looking at his poems and his ancient prose, I think I hated the world at that time, just like Han Changsha. "
He is the author of Pan-Ji Chuan.
Li shangyin (8 12 ~ 858), a native of Yuxi, is also known as Fan Nansheng. Originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang County, Henan Province), he moved to Zhengzhou (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province) with his grandfather. Father Li Si was the county magistrate of Huojia (now Huojia County, Henan Province). When Shang Yin was three years old, his father was employed as an observer in eastern Zhejiang (later transferred to western Zhejiang). His childhood was spent with his father from Huojia to Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Starting from Shang Yin's great-grandfather, generations of Li's paternal line died prematurely. Shang Yin was ten years old and his father died in the shogunate. Orphans and widows returned to Zhengzhou to help the mourners. "There is nowhere to return to the four seas, and nine families have no relatives to rely on" ("Sacrificing Sister Pei"). Although I am in my hometown, I feel the same as foreign refugees. Or it is precisely because of the loneliness and misfortune of family background, coupled with thin weaknesses, that his sentimental character was formed, but at the same time, it also prompted him to seek to pass the imperial examination and revitalize his family business. He gained a high degree of cultural and artistic accomplishment in "studying hard" and exercised his tenacious and persistent pursuit spirit.
Li Shangyin was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems about objects express the poet's fate, life experience and spiritual mood. For example, "the wandering warblers are uneven and can't control themselves in the stream." The punch line is unintentional, and it may not have a moment. On windy mornings and rainy days, Song opened and closed thousands of doors. I can't bear to listen to the pain of spring. Where is the Fengcheng flower branch? " Wandering warbler is helpless in Chang 'an, symbolizing the poet's wandering life. Although its ingenuity contains inner wishes, it may not be good. "The Raven" laments the accident, but it is still relatively implicit. The poem "Cicada" is sad and indignant: "Oh, this last broken breath is among the green and indifferent trees! "The descriptions of the surrounding environment and themselves in this kind of poems can be said to convey the common feelings of scholars in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.
Liu Yong (987? - 1053? ) Qin Qing, a native of Chong 'an, Fujian. Born into an official family, he was bohemian and stayed in the Qin Lou Chu Guan, and he was down and out all his life. Zeng Guan went to wasteland to be foreign minister, so he was also called Liu wasteland. There are many slow words, which have great influence on the development of slow words in Song Dynasty. He is good at sketching, describing, blending scenes and slang words, and absorbing more languages in his life. His ci was widely circulated at that time, which had great influence and occupied an important position in the history of ci. There is an action set.
Li Qingzhao: (1084- about 1 15 1) Southern Song poetess. No. Yi 'an Jushi was born in Zhangqiu, qi zhou (present-day Shandong). Father Li was a famous scholar at that time, and husband Zhao Mingcheng was a textual research scholar. I lived a rich life in my early years and collected calligraphy and painting stones with Ming Cheng. The nomads from the army entered the Central Plains and lived in the south. Ming Cheng died of illness and was in a lonely situation. In his lyrics, he wrote about his leisure life in the early stage, lamented his life experience in the later stage, and was deeply touched. Some of them also showed nostalgia for the Central Plains. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, he emphasized harmony, advocated elegance and affection, put forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposed the method of writing poetry. He can write poems, but he doesn't keep much. Some of his poems are old and lyrical, which is different from his style of ci. There are Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations have a collection of Yu Shu's ci. There is a collection of Li Qingzhao's school notes today.
Bai Juyi (772~846), a native of Xinzheng, was born in Taiyuan. At the age of eleven or twelve, he moved to Vietnam to escape the war, and then moved to Xuzhou, Xiangyang and other places to live a wandering life. Tang Xianzong Yuanhe, an academician, moved to the left to tidy up the remains and sat there as a doctor of praise. Later, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima for offending powerful people. In his later years, he called himself "Xiangshan lay man".
Bai Juyi was one of the great poets in the middle Tang Dynasty. He advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things", emphasizing that poetry creation should inherit the fine tradition of the Book of Songs and oppose the "playing with snow and gardening" works since the Six Dynasties. Many of his poems, either satirizing the extortion of the government at that time, or attacking the profligacy of the rich and nobles, or opposing the war of aggression, have strong ideological and combat effectiveness. His poetry thoughts and poetry creation occupy an important position in the history of China's poetry, emphasizing popularity and realism.
Author of Bai Xiangshan Collection.
Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). He was fifteen years younger than Lu You, and when he was born, the north had fallen into the hands of jurchen. Although his grandfather Xin Zan worked in the State of Jin, he always hoped to have the opportunity to "throw a shelf to relieve your father's bitterness", and often took Xin Qiji to "climb high and look far, point out the mountains and rivers" ("Ten Theories on Mei Qin"). At the same time, Xin Qiji also witnessed the humiliation and pain suffered by the Han people under the rule of Jurchen, which made him set the goal of reviving the Central Plains and serving the country in his youth. On the other hand, because Xin Qiji grew up in the north under the rule of Jin people, there was less traditional culture and education that people blindly followed the rules, and he had a chivalrous spirit.
Li He (790~8 16), a native of Changgu (now Yiyang, Henan), is famous for his Yuefu poems. His poems are rich in imagination, unique in conception and extremely romantic in style. The poem reflects the strong dissatisfaction with the eunuch's autocratic power and the separatist regime of the buffer region, and also pays attention to the sufferings of the working people. But there are also some works that reveal the gloomy mood of impermanence in life.
Among them, Li Ping's Quotations, Qiu Lai, Twenty-three Ma Poems, Four Hsinchu Poems in the North Garden of Changgu, Shu, Jiang, Yan Men Tai Shou Xing, Jin Tong Ci Han Ge are all famous, especially Jin Tong Ci Han Ge. He is quick-thinking (as can be seen from the fact that his horse poems can actually write 23 poems), and his poems are very particular about language and have extremely diverse rhetorical devices, which are of great research value (for example, Qian Zhongshu, a famous contemporary scholar, has eight chapters devoted to Changgu poems, which can be used as evidence). Li Changji and Du Mu are called Du Xiaoli to distinguish them from Li Bai and Du Fu. He died at the age of 27 and often cited Wang Bo and others as role models for future generations. However, he has made great achievements. If he can live a long life and give me a chance to get to know each other, I will add another Li Bai to China. This is really embarrassing! Chang Ji's poems include Long Valley Collection.
Jiang kui (1 155? - 122 1? ), the word Yao Zhang, alias Baishi Taoist, Poyang (now Poyang County, Jiangxi Province) people. I have never been an official in my life. Proficient in music, can write poetry. His ci had a great influence on the rhythm of ci in the late Southern Song Dynasty. There are few works of practical significance. It is characterized by concise sentences and good style.
Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Luoyang. Zhenyuan nine years Jinshi, official to the prince. Because of his participation in the reform of the king, he offended the powerful people of the dynasty and was demoted to the position of satrap and general Zhou. Liu Yuxi's representative works include Flowers for Gentleman, Old Times of West Fort, Wuyi Lane and so on.