First, from the surname. According to "Yuanhe Genealogy" and records, he is a descendant of Tian Jiashun, and he is old enough to go out of the province by bus.
Second, from the name of the winner. According to "History of Taoism", in the Spring and Autumn Period, the son of Che in the State of Qin was followed by Che.
Third, according to Shiben, the astrology in the Yellow Emperor's car area is said to be the beginning of the car surname.
Fourth, give the surname. According to the "Saint beginning of life's Political Discipline", in the Ming Dynasty, Pizhou commanded Che Yan, surnamed Xin, and Hongwu had military merit, giving him the surname Che.
Five, from his family. According to Shu Wei? According to official records, the surname of Che in Henan originated from Xianbei people and was changed to Che's and Che's in the Northern Wei Dynasty. According to "Shu Wei", the Cheshi in the Western Regions, the Cheshi in the country, takes the country as its surname; The unique Chinese surname of the Oroqen nationality is Che; In the Qing Dynasty, Han surnamed Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi); Today's Korean, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Bai and other ethnic groups all have this surname.
Six, the demise of the country of Che Shi, the people take the country as their surname, that is, the surname of Che.
How did the car surname come from five sources: 1, from Gui. According to "Yuanhe Genealogy" and records, he is a descendant of Tian Jiashun, and he is old enough to go out of the province by bus. 2. From the surname. According to "History of Taoism", in the Spring and Autumn Period, the son of Che in the State of Qin was followed by Che. 3. According to Shiben, it is said that the astrology in the Yellow Emperor's car area is the beginning of the car name. 4. Give a surname. According to the "Saint beginning of life's Political Discipline", in the Ming Dynasty, Pizhou commanded Che Yan, surnamed Xin, and Hongwu had military merit, giving him the surname Che. 5. From other nationalities. According to Shu Wei? According to official records, the surname of Che in Henan originated from Xianbei people and was changed to Che's and Che's in the Northern Wei Dynasty. According to "Shu Wei", the Cheshi in the Western Regions, the Cheshi in the country, takes the country as its surname; The unique Chinese surname of the Oroqen nationality is Che; In the Qing Dynasty, Han surnamed Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi); Today's Korean, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Bai and other ethnic groups all have this surname. Last name is ancestor car money ball. Feng Yi, a native of Changling (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi), was a minister of the Western Han Dynasty. Descendants of Tianqi in the Warring States Period. At first, he was tall. In the "witchcraft disaster", the criminal prince was trapped by Jiang Chong. He wrote a letter to avenge the death of the prince. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't realize that he had been promoted to the position of a great hero until he was in the ninth grade, so the history goes back to ancient times. Before long, he became prime minister, which made him rich. During the phase, he advised the emperor to grant probation, and was assisted by the testamentary edict and Huo Guang (Zhao Di). For more than ten years, he has been upright, wise, cautious and self-controlled, and his reputation has surpassed that of his predecessors. When he was old, the emperor chartered him to enter the palace by car and called him the prime minister. His descendants regarded the car as the ancestor of the Che family because they thought he was the Che family. The family name of Che, which was spread and moved, mainly came from xianyang, Shaanxi Province, and gradually settled and developed in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, the then national capital, for reasons such as official business and schooling. This place was called Jingzhao County in the Han Dynasty, so the Cheshi of later generations took Jingzhao as the county name. In addition to cars, the history books also record Che Shun's father and son. It can be seen that the car is by no means a member of the car family. Che Zhong in Biography of Zhang Qian was just a soldier, and the Che family was powerful at that time, so Che Zhong never came from this family's surname. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the descendants of Che soon scattered in Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and Gansu in the north and Anhui and Hunan in the south. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, people who moved south to Jiangsu formed large families in Qufu, An, Shouxian, Anxiang, Hunan and other places in Shandong, and flourished as surnames such as Lu, Jingzhao, Huainan and Nanping. The Northern Wei Dynasty entered the Central Plains with its capital in Luoyang, Henan. During the Sinicization Reform, Che and Che Fei, as the most popular surnames in Xianbei, changed their Chinese surnames to Che. This injection of fresh blood greatly expanded the Che family, and merged with the Che family that thrived here to become the Che family in Henan County. During the Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Che gradually spread to Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan and other places. The invasion of Yi nationality at the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty led to the situation that Che descendants were all over Fujian and Guangdong. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shanxi Che family, as one of the surnames of people who moved, moved to Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei and other places. From the middle of Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, some taxi drivers moved to Taiwan Province Island and set sail in Southeast Asia. And with Shandong people venturing into the Kanto, Shanxi people going west, Shaanxi people going to Gansu, Henan people moving to Shaanxi, Huguang people filling Sichuan, etc., many times forced immigrants and people spontaneously immigrated, and the people surnamed Che took root in the northwest, northeast and southwest. Now car surnames are widely distributed all over the country, especially in Sichuan, Shandong, Gansu and other provinces. Car surnames in these three provinces account for about 55% of the Han population in China. In the process of long-term reproduction and migration, the car surname of counties and counties has formed the following counties: 1, Lu State, the Western Han Dynasty changed to Lu State, and the county is located in Lu County (now Qufu, Shandong Province); 2, Nanping County, Jin changed to Nanjun County, and the governance was done in the Tang Dynasty (the old city is now Anxiang North, Hunan Province); 3, Henan County, the Han Dynasty changed to Sanchuan County, where Luoyang was ruled (the old city is in the northeast of Luoyang, Henan Province); 4. Jingzhao County, established in the Han Dynasty, is located in Chang 'an (the old city is northwest of Xi 'an, Shaanxi); 5. Huainan County was established in Han Dynasty, ruled by Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). Pavilion numbers: Firefly Photo Studio, Yufeng Pavilion, Huainan Pavilion, Huandu Pavilion and Gao Lu Pavilion. Clan characteristics: 1. There are two main sources of the car surname, one is the descendant of the car prime minister and the other is the descendant of Xianbei. If the car name comes from the yellow car area, the history of the car name is longer. 2. Che Yin, the owner of the idiom "Take a look at the firefly", as an example of hard work, has become the best teaching material for future generations to educate their children.
What's the name of the car? Che surname is the197th surname in China, with a large population, accounting for about 0.04% of the Han population in China.
There are five sources of car surname: 1, which comes from Gui. According to "Yuanhe Genealogy" and records, he is a descendant of Tian Jiashun, and he is old enough to go out of the province by bus. 2. From the surname. According to "History of Taoism", in the Spring and Autumn Period, the son of Che in the State of Qin was followed by Che. 3. According to Shiben, it is said that the astrology in the Yellow Emperor's car area is the beginning of the car name. 4. Give a surname. According to the "Saint beginning of life's Political Discipline", in the Ming Dynasty, Pizhou commanded Che Yan, surnamed Xin, and Hongwu had military merit, giving him the surname Che. 5. From other nationalities. According to Shu Wei? According to official records, the surname of Che in Henan originated from Xianbei people and was changed to Che's and Che's in the Northern Wei Dynasty. According to "Shu Wei", the Cheshi in the Western Regions, the Cheshi in the country, takes the country as its surname; The unique Chinese surname of the Oroqen nationality is Che; In the Qing Dynasty, Han surnamed Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi); Today's Korean, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Bai and other ethnic groups all have this surname.
Last name is ancestor car money ball. Feng Yi, a native of Changling (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi), was a minister of the Western Han Dynasty. Descendants of Tianqi in the Warring States Period. At first, he was tall. In the "witchcraft disaster", the wicked prince was trapped by Jiang Chong. He wrote a letter to avenge the death of the prince. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't realize that he had been promoted to the position of a great hero until he was in the ninth grade, so the history goes back to ancient times. Before long, he became prime minister, which made him rich. During the phase, he advised the emperor to give him a suspended sentence, and was assisted by the testamentary edict and Huo Guang (Zhao Di). For more than ten years, he has been upright, wise, cautious and self-controlled, and his reputation has surpassed that of his predecessors. When he was old, the emperor chartered him to enter the palace by car and called him the prime minister. His descendants regarded the car as the ancestor of the Che family because they thought he was the Che family.
The family name of Che, which was spread and moved, mainly came from xianyang, Shaanxi Province, and gradually settled and developed in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, the then national capital, for reasons such as official business and schooling. This place was called Jingzhao County in the Han Dynasty, so the Cheshi of later generations took Jingzhao as the county name. In addition to cars, the history books also record Che Shun's father and son. It can be seen that the car is by no means a member of the car family. Che Zhong in Biography of Zhang Qian was just a soldier, and the Che family was powerful at that time, so Che Zhong never came from this family's surname. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the descendants of Che soon scattered in Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and Gansu in the north and Anhui and Hunan in the south. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, people who moved south to Jiangsu formed large families in Qufu, An, Shouxian, Anxiang, Hunan and other places in Shandong, and flourished as surnames such as Lu, Jingzhao, Huainan and Nanping. The Northern Wei Dynasty entered the Central Plains with its capital in Luoyang, Henan. During the Sinicization Reform, Che and Che Fei, as the most popular surnames in Xianbei, changed their Chinese surnames to Che. This injection of fresh blood greatly expanded the Che family, and merged with the Che family that thrived here to become the Che family in Henan County. During the Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Che gradually spread to Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan and other places. The invasion of Yi nationality at the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty led to the situation that Che descendants were all over Fujian and Guangdong. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shanxi Che family, as one of the surnames of people who moved, moved to Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei and other places. From the middle of Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, some taxi drivers moved to Taiwan Province Island and set sail in Southeast Asia. And with Shandong people venturing into the Kanto, Shanxi people going west, Shaanxi people going to Gansu, Henan people moving to Shaanxi, Huguang people filling Sichuan, etc., many times forced immigrants and people spontaneously immigrated, and the people surnamed Che took root in the northwest, northeast and southwest. Now car surnames are widely distributed all over the country, especially in Sichuan, Shandong, Gansu and other provinces. Car surnames in these three provinces account for about 55% of the Han population in China.
In the process of long-term reproduction and migration, the car surname of counties and counties has formed the following counties: 1, Lu State, the Western Han Dynasty changed to Lu State, and the county is located in Lu County (now Qufu, Shandong Province); 2, Nanping County, Jin changed to Nanjun County, and the governance was done in the Tang Dynasty (the old city is now Anxiang North, Hunan Province); 3, Henan County, the Han Dynasty changed to Sanchuan County, where Luoyang was ruled (the old city is in the northeast of Luoyang, Henan Province); 4. Jingzhao County, established in the Han Dynasty, is located in Chang 'an (the old city is northwest of Xi 'an, Shaanxi); 5. Huainan County was established in Han Dynasty, ruled by Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province).
Pavilion numbers: Firefly Photo Studio, Yufeng Pavilion, Huainan Pavilion, Huandu Pavilion and Gao Lu Pavilion.
Clan characteristics 1, the source of Che's hunger, one is the descendant of Prime Minister Che and the other is the descendant of Xianbei. If the car name comes from the yellow car area, the history of the car name is longer. 2. Che Yin, the owner of the idiom "Reading according to the photos of fireflies", is very interested in it ... >>
My surname is Che, Manchu. I want to know the origin of my surname. Tian Jiashi (Shi Tian)
His ancestral home was Changbai Mountain, and later he was transferred to Huangzheng Banner in Manchuria. 1687 (twenty-six years of Kangxi) was stationed in Xiuyan, and now he is scattered in Xiuyan Xinglong and Fengcheng Caohe.
In the Qing Dynasty, many Manchu surnames were changed to Han surnames, and Tian Jiashi in Manchu surnames was changed to Tian surnames. Tian surname in Manchu migrated to various places with the acquisition of state power in Manchu, and Tian surnames in Shenyang, Hohhot and other places were mostly descendants of Tian family. At the beginning of the 9th century, Tian moved to the north of China, and the famous "Tianjia Shaoguo" in Harbin history was founded by the relocated Tian.
If you are Manchu, this is evolution. There are many origins of car surnames in Han nationality, so I won't list them one by one. I am wearing a yellow flag.
Tong's Quanpu has three sources:
First, it originated in Xia Dynasty, and it is the post-modernization of Taishi. Tang Wang was a virtuous man since ancient times when he attacked Xia Jie, and the world attached great importance to him. Tang Wang then called him into the Shang Dynasty. After he returned to Shang Dynasty, his descendants took Dong Shi as the secretary and added him as Tong's family. See the history of roads.
Second, Manchu surnames were named after place names in history. Manchu ancestors lived in Tong Jia, Manchuria, taking place names as surnames and calling them Tong Family. Later renamed Tong, Tong Guogang and Tong were both in the Qing Dynasty.
Third, the surname of the Jurchen nationality in history. For example, Tongcang (also known as Tongcang) in the Ming Dynasty was the second son of Monk Timur, the leader of Jurchen nationality in Jianzhou in the early Ming Dynasty.
Tong's family of Han nationality originated in Liaodong, and appeared in the Central Plains very early (Song-Zhang Ning's Records of Words and Actions of Famous Nationalities). Dai is Liao's extended family. It was borrowed as a surname by Jurchen in the late Ming Dynasty. Since then, they have been mixed into the Han nationality under the banner. In order to improve their status, Tong's family of Han nationality in Central Plains of Qing Dynasty joined hands with Tong's family of Manchu.
Tongshi allusions
* valve reading Liaodong push first; The article chinese odyssey 1.
Note: 1 Chronicle of Wantong, a celebrity in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Who knows the origin of children's surname * *?
* Father, son and three dukes 2; Two grandchildren.
Note: In Qing Dynasty, Tong Tulai, Prince Taibao, the eldest son Tong Guogang and the second son Tong Guowei were awarded the first class merit for their meritorious service.
General Tong of Qing Dynasty and his grandson Tong (Feng Yi Di Bo) became generals in Fujian.
* The world still remembers the theory of self-cultivation 4; Children and grandchildren often read Appendix 5.
Note: In Qing Dynasty, Tong was an envoy of Anhui Province, and he wrote books such as "On the Cultivation of Human Nature", which was handed down from generation to generation.
Tong Shinan, the magistrate of Kangxi County in Qing Dynasty, wrote Hua and An Er Shu.
In Inner Mongolia, there are Mongolians with the same surname, and some of them changed to Manchu in the Qing Dynasty.
1。 Textual research on "children's surname" by Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies
Second, in these * * *, there is a Tong family. In the discussion of Manchu-Chinese relations, we should first pay attention to this clan. In his early years, Mr. Zhang Taiyan wrote The Examination of Manchuria with the Examination of Tong's Family, which shows the importance of Tong's family to Qing history.
Taking the children's family as an example to study the relationship between Manchu and Chinese is typical. Mr. Zhang's textual research on the old flag of Tong Liaodong is as follows: Although the word Tong is found in Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, he is a master of ancient Chinese exegesis, which can be found in ancient rhyme books and marked as his surname, which proves that Liaodong was famous for his ability to write; In the Ming Dynasty, Tong was more than one official. Take Ming History as an example. Tong's surname has many deeds, such as Tong Yu of Tianshun and Chenghua, and the official to Kaiyuan commanded 30,000 guards, which is an important position in border defense. I can't mention the rest here. In a word, there is no doubt that the Tong family is Han nationality.
However, in the early Qing Dynasty, children became "Manchu". The reason can be simply explained-
A branch of the Tong family in the Ming Dynasty originally lived in Kaiyuan, and later moved to Fushun. The Ming court set up a market to trade with Jurchen, nicknamed "Horse Market", which was a real commodity and entered the main road and important place of trade exchange in Liao countries with Kaifu as the edge. This Tong family was connected with the Manchu Dynasty. Nurhachi broke the Liao Dynasty and took Fushun as the breakthrough (the situation in Liaodong changed greatly because of the surrender of garrison commander Li Yongfang), and the Tong family was already full, so it was also very active in this campaign.
The Ming court knew that Tong was a traitor and killed many of his people, which became a major case at that time and was recorded in the history books. The most important figures in the Tong family fell into the State of Jin (the Manchu family was named Jin before entering the customs, but it was called Houjin in history, which was different from the State of Jin in the Song Dynasty) and Tong Yangzhen (later, because Yongzheng was too taboo, the official book was changed to "Zheng Yang") and Tong Yangzhen. Telling the truth is the company commander of Liaodong in Ming Dynasty.
Yang Zhen's son was born in his childhood, and his early name was "Tulai", which was later refined into "Tulai". He has two sons: Guo Gang and Guo Wei; A woman entered the palace as a concubine after Shunzhi, and gave birth to Emperor Kangxi-the same concubine as the empress dowager, which is called filial piety in history books.
Therefore, it can be known that Emperor Kangxi himself is a double lineage of Manchu-Chinese marriage. As for Kangxi's adopted daughters, there are dozens of them, including the daughters of Manchu and Han nationality, and many daughters of * * * *-according to historical records, many daughters of China, Kangxi's "ordinary princess", have not been registered as "girls". What was the reason at that time? What I am afraid of is something outside the system, such as a king, who is actually the "daughter of the magistrate"
As for later, the children's two daughters entered the palace and became the concubines of Kangxi (cousin marriage); Tong Yangxing has long had a forehead (commonly known as Ma Xu) and so on, so there is no need to list it in detail today. They have been "children's in-laws" for generations. The child born is a mixed-race man and Han.
This shows that the royal family of the Qing Dynasty has already broken the boundaries between Manchu and Han nationalities.
2。 Sources and courses
Eight Manchu families in Liaodong >>
Where is the origin of Mongolian children's surname? (The boy surname is the boy's family name, which is the head of Manchu's "eight surnames" (Tong, Guan, Ma, Suo, Qi, Fu, Na and Lang). In the Qing Dynasty, according to genealogy records, Tong's ancestors were originally Manchus (Nuerhachi and other jurchen nobles also took Tong as their surname) and lived in (that is, Tongjiajiang, a tributary of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, where Tong's surname lived, also known as Tongjiajiang or Tongjiajiang, now named Hunjiang), so he took the land as his surname. The same is true of Manchu surnames such as Nora and Ilgen. However, according to the genealogy of Tong family in the Central Plains, Tong family in Liaodong and Tong family in the Central Plains are of the same ancestry, and both of them are descendants of Jia Gu family in the Jin Dynasty, which had already been localized in China. Only the Tong family in Liaodong moved back to Liaodong, and married a daughter with Nuerhachi before the establishment of the late Jin Dynasty and joined the Han army. Then, during the reign of Kangxi, Tong Jiashi, who had become the matriarchal line of the current emperor, wrote to declare that her family originated from Jurchen. Kangxi approved it to carry the flag into Manchuria. This children's family is relatively developed. According to the family history of Tong family in Manzhouli and Xibe, some experts believe that Tong family is the inherent surname of Manchu-Tungusic language family.
Ren Tongming
Wantong: It is recorded in "North Yan Lu" that there was this person in Liaodong in the late Ming Dynasty, who was famous for his prose.
Tong Guogang: During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Manchuria was under the control of the first-class duke, and Emperor Kangxi (Aisingiorro? Michelle Ye)' s uncle, the eldest son of Prince Toulai of Taibao Tong (third-class fine Qin Nihapan of Manchu Viscount), and the younger brother of the well-off queen. At one time, Suoetu, the minister in charge of the guards, signed the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar with Russia, which protected the northern border of the Qing Dynasty. Later, in the Qing Dynasty's war against galdan of Junggar, he died in today's Keshiketeng Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Roncodo:(？ -1728), Manchu Huang Qi, Tong Jiashi, son of Tong Guowei in Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Kangxi, Yuan was named Shangshu and Infantry Commander, and during the reign of Yongzheng, he was named Shangshu Jiataibao of the official department. Emperor Kangxi (Aisingiorro? Michelle Ye) Cousin, Uncle Yong Zhengdi. On the deathbed of Kangxi, Longkodo published Kangxi's testamentary edict, which enabled Yong Zhengdi to succeed to the throne smoothly. He participated in the northern border negotiations between the Qing government and Russia and safeguarded the interests of the Qing government. Later, in the third year of Yongzheng (1727), he was imprisoned in Changchun Garden forever and died in the forbidden area the following year.
Tong: (1892- 1937) General China, Manchu, Hebei Laiwen. When the July 7th Incident broke out, the 29th Army was the deputy commander. 1937 On July 28th, Beijing Nanyuan was killed.
Tong Tiexin: Born in Jinzhou, Liaoning, Manchu, 1958. Baritone singer, national first-class actor, soloist of Air Administration Song and Dance Troupe, member of China Musicians Association.
David: Fushun, Liaoning, Manchu. Born on1February 3, 979. 200 1 graduated from Shanghai Theatre Academy. The main film and television works are: TV series Auntie, Young Bao Qingtian, Dating in the Aquarium, Life in the Century, Jade Guanyin, Love at First Sight, etc. The movie I Love You. In 2005, he became the ambassador of Fushun tourism image.
Tong Wen: China female judo athlete.
Tong Jian: China figure skater.
Seeking Tong's genealogy. Tong has three sources:
First, it originated in Xia Dynasty, and it is the post-modernization of Taishi. Tang Wang was a virtuous man since ancient times when he attacked Xia Jie, and the world attached great importance to him. Tang Wang then called him into the Shang Dynasty. After he returned to Shang Dynasty, his descendants took Dong Shi as the secretary and added him as Tong's family. See the history of roads.
Second, Manchu surnames were named after place names in history. Manchu ancestors lived in Tong Jia, Manchuria, and took place names as surnames, which were called Tong Family. Later renamed Tong, Tong Guogang and Tong were both in the Qing Dynasty.
Third, the surname of the Jurchen nationality in history. For example, Tongcang (also known as Tongcang) in the Ming Dynasty was the second son of Monk Timur, the leader of Jurchen nationality in Jianzhou in the early Ming Dynasty.
Tong's family of Han nationality originated in Liaodong, and appeared in the Central Plains very early (Song-Zhang Ning's Records of Words and Actions of Famous Nationalities). Dai is Liao's extended family. It was borrowed as a surname by Jurchen in the late Ming Dynasty. Since then, they have been mixed into the Han nationality under the banner. In order to improve their status, Tong's family of Han nationality in Central Plains of Qing Dynasty joined hands with Tong's family of Manchu.
Tongshi allusions
* valve reading Liaodong push first; The article chinese odyssey 1.
Note: 1 Chronicle of Wantong, a celebrity in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. ? Who knows the origin of children's surname * *?
* Father, son and three dukes 2; Two grandchildren.
Note: In Qing Dynasty, Tong Tulai, Prince Taibao, the eldest son Tong Guogang and the second son Tong Guowei were awarded the first class merit for their meritorious service.
General Tong of Qing Dynasty and his grandson Tong (Feng Yi Di Bo) became generals in Fujian.
* The world still remembers the theory of self-cultivation 4; Children and grandchildren often read Appendix 5.
Note: In Qing Dynasty, Tong was an envoy of Anhui Province, and he wrote books such as "On the Cultivation of Human Nature", which was handed down from generation to generation.
Tong Shinan, the magistrate of Kangxi County in Qing Dynasty, wrote Hua and An Er Shu.
In Inner Mongolia, there are Mongolians with the same surname, and some of them changed to Manchu in the Qing Dynasty.
1。 Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, made an investigation of "Tong's family". In these * * *, there is a Tong family. To discuss the relationship between Manchu and Han, we should first pay attention to this clan. In his early years, Mr. Zhang Taiyan wrote The Examination of Manchuria with the Examination of Tong's Family, which shows the importance of Tong's family to Qing history. Taking the children's family as an example to study the relationship between Manchu and Chinese is typical. Mr. Zhang's textual research on the old flag of Tong Liaodong is as follows: Although the word Tong is found in Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, he is a master of ancient Chinese exegesis, which can be found in ancient rhyme books and marked as his surname, which proves that Liaodong was famous for his ability to write; In the Ming Dynasty, Tong was more than one official. Take Ming History as an example. Tong's surname has many deeds, such as Tong Yu in Tianshun and Chenghua times, who commanded 30,000 guards from the official to Kaiyuan and was an important position in border defense. I can't mention the rest here. In a word, there is no doubt that the Tong family is Han nationality. However, in the early Qing Dynasty, the Tong family became "Manchu", and its origin can also be simply explained-a branch of the Tong family in the Ming Dynasty, originally living in Kaiyuan, and later moved to Fushun-the Ming court set up a market to trade with Jurchen, nicknamed "Horse Market", which was a real commodity and entered the main road and important place of trade exchange in Liao countries with Kaifu as the edge. This Tong family was connected with the Manchu Dynasty. Nurhachi broke the Liao Dynasty and took Fushun as the breakthrough (the situation in Liaodong changed greatly because of the surrender of garrison commander Li Yongfang), and the Tong family was already full, so it was also very active in this campaign. The Ming court knew that Tong was a traitor and killed many of his people, which became a major case at that time and was recorded in the history books. The most important figures in the Tong family fell into the State of Jin (the Manchu family was named Jin before entering the customs, but it was called Houjin in history, which was different from the State of Jin in the Song Dynasty) and Tong Yangzhen (later, because Yongzheng was too taboo, the official book was changed to "Zheng Yang") and Tong Yangzhen. Telling the truth is the company commander of Liaodong in Ming Dynasty. Yang Zhen's son was born in his childhood, and his early name was "Tulai", which was later refined into "Tulai". He has two sons: Guo Gang and Guo Wei; A woman entered the palace as a concubine after Shunzhi, and gave birth to Emperor Kangxi-the same concubine as the empress dowager, which is called filial piety in history books. Therefore, it can be known that Emperor Kangxi himself is a double lineage of Manchu-Chinese marriage. As for Kangxi's adopted daughters, there are dozens of them, including the daughters of Manchu and Han nationality, and many daughters of * * * *-according to historical records, many daughters of China, Kangxi's "ordinary princess", have not been registered as "girls". What was the reason at that time? I was afraid of things outside the system, such as a king, who was actually the "magistrate's daughter". Later, the two daughters of the Tong family entered the palace and became the concubines of Kangxi (cousin marriage); Tong Yangxing has long had a forehead (commonly known as Ma Xu) and so on, so there is no need to list it in detail today. They have been "children's in-laws" for generations. The child born is a mixed-race man and Han. This shows that the royal family of the Qing Dynasty has long been broken ... >>