1 hammer. Flat hammer (such as axe), suitable for processing loose stone; A sharp hammer (that is, one end is sharp and the other end is flat), which is used to chisel holes and carve stone lines; A flat-headed hammer is good at chiseling. These three kinds of hammers should be specially used for large, medium and small specifications according to their own needs.

② chisel. Used for machining holes, holes and stone patterns. The chisel must be made of steel, and the length and size should be determined as required. You can prepare several sets of chisels with different specifications.

③ hacksaw. Just use a locksmith's bow saw, but the serrations are thicker. Hacksaw is used to saw loose stones and cut vertical and horizontal stone patterns on them.

4 knives. There are flat mouth, round mouth, oblique mouth and other shapes. And all kinds of carving knives should be matched. The carving knife is used for fine carving of turquoise.

⑤ Sieve. Metal is the most durable, used to screen mud, sand, fertilizer, etc.

⑥ Small shovel. It is mainly used for mixing cement and shoveling cement to splice rocks when mixing stones.

⑦ Brush. The interface must be brushed with a brush before the cement is bonded to the rock. After bonding, the peripheral cement should be gently brushed off.

(2) Materials

① cement. The higher the label, the better. Loose and hard stones can be spliced with cement, but white stones can be spliced with white cement.

② Yellow sand. For mixing cement, such as white cement, white rice should be used instead of yellow sand.

③ Pigment. In order to make the color of the splicing interface similar to that of the spliced stone, and leave no trace after splicing, ink method or toner is used to mix with cement.

(3) Methods

After selecting the right stone, it must be processed. Processing requires natural no artificial traces, carving should not be too dull, but it should be vivid, smooth, concise and rhythmic, and not complicated and out of control. There are four specific processing methods: sawing, carving, gluing and lining stone.

① Sawing method. Before starting work, every stone should be carefully studied over and over again. According to a certain idea, the rough and the fine are removed, and the part suitable for modeling is intercepted as the main body. The rest are similar in color, texture and texture because they come from the same stone. After necessary carving and modeling, they can be used as lining stones. Whether it is loose or hard stone, the bottom must be sawed flat to make it placed smoothly. For hard stones, Jin Gangzuan and special equipment are needed to intercept them. However, when sawing stones, we should pay special attention to pad them with sponge or thick cloth, and don't use too much force to avoid breaking or damaging the stone body and corners.

2 carving method. "Jade is not cut, it is not a tool." Generally, there are few natural perfect forms of stones, and they must be artistically processed. When processing chisel, the whole stone should be thoroughly inspected and carefully considered to determine the viewing surface. After determining the viewing surface, flatten the bottom, and then observe which parts are suitable for digging caves, peaks, canyons, hills, slopes, cliffs, cliffs, etc. According to the natural texture of the stone, we can know fairly well. When carving, you should also master the texture of turquoise and hard stone, and then use different tools to carry out carving according to the situation. The texture lines near the peak should be fine, and the lines far away from the peak should be rough.

This paper introduces several methods of p57 to express various textures and textures of rocks and peaks: lotus leaf folded texture is suitable for expressing granite mountain corridors; Hemp-like wrinkles should show the style of heaped-up mountains; The straight axe chop should show the towering momentum of the cliff; The zigzag folds and wrinkles on the horizontal bars should show the unique temperament of Shishan.

After the stone is carved, various textures form natural forms such as heavy stone, ridge, ridge, deep stream and lofty stream, which makes the landscape bonsai more in line with the natural features of mountains and rivers.

③ Bonding method. After processing, there are still some defects in some parts of the stone, so similar or identical stone can be used for gluing to make up for the deficiency. However, all bonded stones must be generally consistent in texture, texture, color and momentum, and washed with water, which is a problem that should be paid special attention to when splicing rocks. Secondly, hard rocks can be glued at will and do not absorb water; Turquoise needs water absorption, and water absorption lines must be set aside during gluing to prevent water from being isolated in the middle, resulting in the upper part of the stone being cut off and plants being difficult to grow.

The commonly used cementing material is made of cement mixed with a small amount of pigment similar to stone color. So there will be no traces after gluing. Some cement joints are coated with raw stone powder, and the effect is more ideal.