In 2022, Shenzhou XIII will return to a specific time and place. After it is separated from the space station, it is estimated that it will take more than 8 hours to land at the scheduled landing site, which is as much as 20 hours less than the return time of Shenzhou 12. In 2022, Shenzhou XIII will return to the specific time and place.

In 2022, Shenzhou XIII will return to the specific time and place 1 14. The China Manned Space Engineering Office announced that the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft has completed all scheduled tasks and will leave the core module assembly of the space station and return to the Dongfeng landing site in the near future.

At present, the crew of Shenzhou XIII has made all the preparations before the evacuation of the spacecraft, and the Dongfeng landing site and related engineering systems are carrying out all the preparations to welcome the astronauts back.

Tidy up the room, pack your bags, exercise, and "turn off the lights and lock the door" ...

Three astronauts are fully prepared for returning to earth.

The "business trip" in space is coming to an end, and the three astronauts are still "idle". These days, their main job is to arrange packages, strengthen physical exercise and make full preparations for returning to earth.

"Before the return of Shenzhou 13, several key tasks should be completed, including inventory and material transfer, comprehensive cleaning and maintenance of the cabin environment, and sorting and packaging of downlink items." According to Zhai Zhihong, deputy director of the General Office of Aerospace Medical Engineering of the Astronaut Center.

When they first entered the space station, the three astronauts had worked very hard to "disassemble the courier", unloaded a large number of daily necessities and experimental equipment from the cargo spacecraft, and arranged their "small homes" in the sky. Before going home, they need to "return things to their original owners" and restore the cabin environment as much as possible. Fitness equipment, experimental supplies, maintenance spare parts, etc. Need to be repackaged and put back in the specified location. In addition, they also need to count and classify the remaining materials in order to "seamlessly connect" with the on-orbit life after the flight of Shenzhou 14.

After sorting out the "luggage", the astronauts also need to "clean up", comprehensively clean and maintain the cabin environment, "take away" the garbage and control the growth of microorganisms in the space station components.

We should "take care" of the space station and "take care" of ourselves. Long-term exposure to weightlessness in space will lead to problems such as muscle atrophy and bone loss. In order to reduce the possible harm caused by these situations, astronauts should exercise every day, strengthen exercise in a targeted manner before returning, and make adaptive adjustments in advance. Every movement of astronauts has a scientific design scheme, and the weightless physiological effect support team of the astronaut ground center will provide "exercise prescription" according to the real-time physical condition of three astronauts.

Although the technology is mature and reliable, the journey of the spacecraft return capsule to the earth is still full of challenges. Astronauts must be familiar with the necessary operations and emergency plans during the whole return process, and must also carefully check the spacecraft return module to ensure the normal work of the "car" system.

After the launch of Shenzhou XIII last year, the rapid rendezvous and docking technology was verified, which greatly reduced the time for astronauts to enter the space station. Now, after completing the six-month stay in orbit, Shenzhou XIII will adopt the fast return technology for the first time, allowing astronauts to return to the ground in groups at a faster speed.

"Shenzhou 13 will adopt the quick return plan for the first time when performing the return mission and land at the Dongfeng landing site." Shao Limin, deputy manager of manned spacecraft system engineering technology in the Fifth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, told the reporter that it used to take about 1 day to return, and the time for manned spacecraft to return to the ground will be greatly shortened, thus improving the comfort of astronauts.

Astronauts will also check all kinds of facilities and equipment in the maintenance cabin again, and set up unmanned flight mode for the space station to ensure that the "space house" can run stably in orbit before the next crew enters. Before departure, astronauts should close all doors in the space station, and then return to Shenzhou-13 spacecraft from the core cabin, fasten their seat belts and check the airtightness of the spacesuit and the integrity of the equipment. When everything is ready, they will embark on a journey home.

The two extravehicular activities were a complete success.

In-orbit scientific experiments have achieved fruitful results.

Two extravehicular activities and some scientific experiments were carried out ... Six months in orbit were fleeting, and the work of the three astronauts was substantial and fruitful.

On October 8, 200211116/kloc-0, after about 6.5 hours of extravehicular activities, the astronauts of Shenzhou XIII cooperated closely in groups and successfully completed the established tasks of extravehicular activities. Astronauts Zhai Zhigang and Wang Yaping safely returned to the Tianhe core cabin, and the extravehicular activity was a complete success.

This is the third astronaut's extravehicular activity in the space station phase of China's manned spaceflight project, the first extravehicular activity by a crew of Shenzhou XIII astronauts, and the first female astronaut's extravehicular activity in China's space history.

During the astronauts' extravehicular activities, the heavens and the earth cooperated vigorously and cooperated closely inside and outside the cabin, and successively completed the tasks such as the installation of mechanical arm suspension device and adapter, and the typical action test outside the cabin, which further tested the functional performance of the new generation of extravehicular spacesuit in China, and tested the ability of astronauts to work together with the mechanical arm and the reliability and safety of the supporting equipment related to extravehicular activities.

More than a month later, at 0: 55 on February 27th, 20021year, the crew of Shenzhou XIII once again lived up to expectations. About 6 hours later, all the established tasks, such as the lifting of the second panorama camera C, the installation of the foot limiter of the extravehicular operation point, the verification of related ergonomics, and the verification of carrying objects, were successfully completed. Astronauts Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guang Fu safely returned to the Tianhe core cabin, and the extravehicular activity was a complete success.

The two extravehicular activities further verified the functional performance of the core cabin airlock, extravehicular clothing and mechanical arm, and assessed the related technology of extravehicular activities, the astronauts' cooperation ability inside and outside the cabin and the cooperation ability between heaven and earth, which further accumulated experience for subsequent extravehicular activities. It is understood that the implementation of extravehicular activities is becoming the normal state of mission work in the space station stage. Subsequently, China astronauts will carry out more and more complicated extravehicular activities, which will provide strong support for the smooth construction and stable operation of the space station.

Show your talents outside the cabin, and there is also "real kung fu" in the cabin. One of the purposes of building a space station is to build a space laboratory, which also means that laboratories on earth can be moved into space.

"The Shenzhou XIII mission completed more than 20 (on-orbit) scientific experiments on the basis of Shenzhou XII." According to Li, a researcher at the China Astronaut Training Center and deputy chief designer of the astronaut system of manned spaceflight project, these experiments involve new technologies, new scientific knowledge and new discoveries in astronaut health monitoring.

The weightlessness environment in space provides convenient conditions for human beings to carry out life science research. Relying on China Space Station, China established a long-term cell culture system and cell model under space conditions for the first time during Shenzhou XIII's orbit. Using this system and training model, researchers have completed several international leading life science experiments.

"During the orbit of Shenzhou XIII, we completed the world's first extraction of renal epithelial cells from human urine, and transformed them into stem cells with multiple functions through gene reprogramming, and then differentiated into cardiomyocytes. Through gene editing technology, we edited a fluorescent protein and saw the flashing process of calcium signal when cells contracted. " Li said that this is the first time that human beings have observed the contraction process of myocardial cells under weightlessness.

Based on the gravity sensitivity of cardiomyocytes, the researchers compared the contraction process and characteristics of cardiomyocytes under the conditions of gravity and weightlessness according to the on-orbit experimental observation of astronauts, so as to better understand the impact of weightlessness on human body.

"On the one hand, this technology can understand the characteristics of cardiovascular changes under weightlessness, on the other hand, it also provides a very good experimental model for public health, human regeneration and aging, including human longevity and heart disease." Li said to him.

In addition, relying on China Space Station and Shenzhou XIII, researchers in China also completed the world's first suspension culture experiment of skin stem cells under long-term weightlessness. According to experts, carrying out such cell space experiments will help human beings to better understand life and break through themselves.

"Tiangong Classroom" Sows Scientific Seeds in Depth

Space science popularization has become the norm.

On April 9th, local time, "Tiangong Q&A"-an interactive activity between China Shenzhou XIII astronauts and American teenagers was held at the Chinese Embassy in the United States. American teenagers put forward various fantastic questions about astronauts' life in space, and astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guang Fu answered them respectively.

Thanks to the development of communication technology between heaven and earth, staying in space does not mean "isolation", and "interaction between heaven and earth" has become the normal life of astronauts. With the support of the ground, the Shenzhou XIII flight crew took advantage of the gap between work and training to participate in the "Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Tiangong Dialogue" on the first day of the Lunar New Year, held the first China People's Tiangong Painting Exhibition, and carried out interactive exchanges between heaven and earth with the majority of young people, and carried out unique popular science education and cultural communication activities.

On the big screen of the main classroom on the ground of China Science and Technology Museum, the real-time picture has changed from the space station flying around the blue earth to the spacious and tidy core cabin of the space station. A yellow top appeared in the camera, and Wang Yaping's voice sounded: "Space exploration is endless. With the constant rotation of the gyro, we have entered the space station era from Shenzhou-10. Welcome to the' Tiangong Classroom'! " Wang Yaping greeted his classmates and humorously introduced the "feel good group" around him.

Teach in the highest place and sow the seeds of science in the deepest place. 202165438+On February 9th, the first lesson of "Tiangong Classroom" officially started. This is the first time that China astronauts have taught in space after eight years, and it is also the "first show" of space teaching in China Space Station. During the 60-minute lecture, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu introduced the working and living scenes of the space station, demonstrated the magical phenomena such as cytology experiment, human movement and liquid surface tension in microgravity environment, and explained the scientific principles behind the experiment.

Space "ice and snow" experiment, liquid bridge demonstration experiment, water-oil separation experiment, space parabolic experiment ... On March 23rd, the "Tiangong Classroom" started again, and three "space teachers" demonstrated the experiment in the form of interaction between heaven and earth, and introduced and displayed the space science facilities.

China Space Station is a national space laboratory and an important space science education base. Space teaching full of whimsy makes the seeds of science take root in the hearts of hundreds of millions of young people.

"This year, the China Space Station will be fully completed, and the manned space science popularization work will be carried out normally. Tiangong Classroom is a popular science brand that we should strive to build. The China Manned Space Engineering Office said that the conditions of China's space station and the communication between heaven and earth are very good, and the interaction between astronauts and the ground and the development of popular science activities will be normalized.

All parties take their positions and look forward to the hero's triumph.

Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 fly in two groups.

It has made outstanding contributions to the verification of key technologies of the space station.

"Inform the landing coordinates, east longitude 100 04' ..." The position command informed the landing coordinates, and five helicopters and 18 search and rescue vehicles set off from the temporary clearing assembly point and went to their respective standby areas. After the landing site was predicted for the fourth time, the air detachment assembled and flew, reaching the landing site one after another and landing in turn.

This is the scene of the third comprehensive system-wide exercise at the Dongfeng landing site of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. At present, the search and rescue forces of Dongfeng landing site have all entered the site, and the major systems have been trained in sub-systems and organized inter-system matching drills. Many comprehensive system-wide exercises will be planned in the future. In view of the new mode of Shenzhou XIII's return, the search and rescue brigade of Dongfeng Landing Site took various measures to ensure the astronauts' safe return.

"In the Shenzhou 13 mission, the astronauts stayed in orbit for six months, which was a long-term stay in orbit. On the basis of the Shenzhou 12 mission, we have made some new explorations in the medical supervision and medical insurance on the ground, and improved the plan and plan through comprehensive drills to improve the ability to complete the task. " Bian Hancheng, deputy chief designer of the landing site system of China's manned spaceflight project, said.

Everything is ready, only three astronauts will go home safely. Talking about the "space travel trio" of Shenzhou XIII, Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned spaceflight project, said that they were in good physical and psychological condition and returned to the ground in mid-April, which also marked the end of the key technology verification stage of China Space Station.

Since 20021,China's manned spaceflight project has successfully carried out five missions in the key technology verification stage of the space station. This year is the decisive year for the construction of the space station. According to the task arrangement, six tasks, such as space shuttle, dream spacecraft, cargo replenishment and manned flight, will be organized and implemented to complete the on-orbit construction of the space station and build a national space laboratory with stable operation in orbit. At present, the astronauts who have carried out two manned missions in the construction stage of the space station have been selected and are undergoing mission training.

Zhou Jianping revealed that after the launch of Shenzhou XIV this year, astronauts will welcome the arrival of two experimental cabins during their in-orbit period. Before the end of this year, Shenzhou XV astronauts will also fly to China Space Station to meet Shenzhou XIV astronauts in space.

"This will be a very exciting moment. By then, a Chinese space station consisting of three cabins, two manned spacecraft and 1 cargo spacecraft, with a total mass of nearly 100 tons, carrying six astronauts, and also carrying a large number of advanced experimental devices such as space life, biological science and material science will be presented to the world. " Zhou Jianping said.

Six months is the highest continuous flight time of China astronauts in orbit. In the future, six months will be the normal stay period of astronaut grouping during the operation of China Space Station.

The galaxy is brilliant, and people expect the hero to triumph. "The flights of Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 have made outstanding contributions to the verification of key technologies of the space station." Zhou Jianping said that the analysis and preliminary evaluation of the current flight results show that the systems of China's manned spaceflight project fully meet the engineering and technical requirements, and the main functional performance indicators exceed the design objectives.

2022 Shenzhou XIII returns to the specific time and place 2 According to the China Manned Space Engineering Office 14, the Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft has completed all the scheduled tasks and will leave the core module assembly of the space station in the near future and return to the Dongfeng landing site. At present, the crew of Shenzhou XIII has made all the preparations before the evacuation of the spacecraft, and the Dongfeng landing site and related engineering systems are carrying out all the preparations to welcome the astronauts back.

2021116. Astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu boarded the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and entered the Tianhe core module, becoming the second batch of astronauts who "stayed" in the China Space Station.

Judging from the current orbit of the China Space Station, it is estimated that it will pass through the Dongfeng landing site in the morning of 16, which will be a time window for the return of Shenzhou XIII. In the next two days, it is expected that there will be a return time window.

After the launch of Shenzhou XIII, it was radially docked with the space station by autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking. When returning, Shenzhou XIII will adopt the fast return mode, which also includes the "fast" technology. How fast?

After the separation of Shenzhou XIII from the space station, it is estimated that it will take more than 8 hours to land at the scheduled landing site, which is as much as 20 hours less than the return time of Shenzhou XII. The "green leather car" has become a "high-speed rail", and the ride experience of Shenzhou XIII astronauts has undoubtedly been significantly improved.

After Shenzhou XIII successfully returned to Earth and verified the key technologies of the space station, it is expected that China will enter the stage of comprehensive construction of the space station in May this year. At present, the space station in China is not a complete body, only the Tianhe core module. Next, during the year, two experimental modules, the candlestick module and the dream module, will be launched and docked with the core module to form a complete space station.

During the on-orbit construction of China Space Station, China will launch two manned spacecraft, Shenzhou XIV and Shenzhou XV, to the space station. Like the previous Shenzhou 12 and 13, Shenzhou 14 and 15 each carried three astronauts into space.

Although Shenzhou XIV may not be launched for more than a month, the Shenzhou XIV manned spacecraft and the Long March II F- 14 rocket have been prepared for half a year and have been erected in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. In fact, Shenzhou XIV and Shenzhou XIII were prepared at the same time.

Because of the complex space environment, the mission time of Shenzhou XIII is particularly long. In order to ensure the safety of astronauts in space, Shenzhou 14 made preparations in advance and entered the standby state. Once something happens, Shenzhou XIV can be launched in a short time and go to space for emergency rescue. This new mode of "launch 1 round, backup 1 round" existed during the Shenzhou 12 mission, and Shenzhou 13 was the backup spacecraft at that time.

After the safe return of Shenzhou XIII, Shenzhou XIV will carry out manned space mission. At the same time, Shenzhou XV is also in final assembly and testing. When Shenzhou 14 is launched, Shenzhou 15 will also be on emergency duty. The mission duration of Shenzhou XIV is also expected to be half a year, so Shenzhou XV needs to be on standby on the ground for half a year.

According to the China Manned Space Engineering Office, the crew of Shenzhou 14 and Shenzhou 15 have been selected and six astronauts are training. However, the specific astronauts have not been announced in order to prepare for the next series of tasks.

Among the active 16 astronauts, three have never been in space, namely the first astronaut Deng Qingming and the second astronaut Cai and Zhang Lu. If the 14th and 15th Gods still "bring the old with the new" as before, these astronauts will have the opportunity to fly into space for the first time and enter the China Space Station.

China's manned space flight has made remarkable achievements, all of which are inseparable from the unremitting efforts of the vast number of space workers. In the past, when NASA led the construction of the International Space Station, China also expressed his desire to participate in the International Space Station project, but it was rejected by the United States. They even specifically prohibited NASA from cooperating with us in space science and technology to prevent China from flying in space.

However, they failed. Since we won't build a space station, we'll build our own. Therefore, after years of hard exploration, China launched a number of manned spacecraft, as well as Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 experimental modules, which overcame a series of key technologies and finally enabled us to build our own space station.

It is against this background that China Space Station was born, built entirely by our own technology. With the space station, astronauts can stay in space for a long time and conduct a series of space experiments. At the same time, it also collects space experimental projects for the whole world and opens up cooperation with the whole world.

Dozens of countries applied for the China Space Station project, and finally 17 national projects were selected for the first batch of scientific experiments. It is worth mentioning that the United States also applied to us for this project. After two rounds of evaluation by experts from China, the technical and scientific value of their projects did not meet the standards set by us, so they failed to apply.

In 2022, Shenzhou XIII will return to a specific time and place. The scheduled mission of Shenzhou XIII for half a year has been completed. The manned spacecraft will carry three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, to leave the China Space Station, and the return time is just around the corner. While Shenzhou XIII is preparing to leave the space station, the ground easterly landing site is also ready for the landing of Shenzhou XIII.

According to the latest news from the China Manned Space Office, the scheduled mission of Shenzhou XIII for half a year has been completed, and the manned spacecraft will carry three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, to leave the China Space Station, and the return time is just around the corner.

Since entering space on June 16 last year, three astronauts have spent as long as 180 days in space, breaking the previous record of the longest three-month space mission set by Shenzhou XII. As the first female astronaut to enter the China Space Station, Wang Yaping set a record for the longest cumulative stay of China astronauts in space.

During the on-orbit period, Shenzhou XIII astronauts carried out a series of important space missions and cooperated with ground space researchers to verify the key technologies of China Space Station. After the Shenzhou XIII mission, the China Space Station will enter the stage of comprehensive construction. This year, candlesticks and dream experimental modules will be launched to dock with the sky and the core module.

At present, astronauts are ready to leave the space station for the Shenzhou-13 manned spacecraft and can take the opportunity to evacuate. When Shenzhou XIII will be separated from China Space Station depends on shenzhou spaceship's return time window.

According to the plan, Shenzhou XIII, like Shenzhou XII, will also land at the Dongfeng landing site. According to the orbital data of the space station, it is estimated that the space station will pass the Dongfeng landing site at around 9: 40 am on April 16, which is a return time window for Shenzhou XIII.

However, Shenzhou XIII did not separate when the space station passed the landing site, because the orbital speed of the spacecraft itself was very fast, and the lateral speed relative to the ground could reach 7.68km/s, so it was impossible for the spacecraft to land vertically from the space of 390km.

The spacecraft needs to use the dense atmosphere of the earth to slow down, so the spacecraft will start to re-enter the atmosphere at a distance from the landing site. The moment before the spacecraft re-enters the atmosphere is not the moment of separation from the space station, and the separation time between the two is even earlier.

Because the reentry timing of the spacecraft is very critical, when to ignite and brake and how much thrust is needed must be accurately calculated to ensure that the spacecraft can re-enter the atmosphere at a suitable angle and finally land in the scheduled landing area.

According to the return mode of Shenzhou-12, before re-entering the atmosphere, the spacecraft has to circle the earth 18 times alone, and the time required for each circle is a little over one and a half hours, so the spacecraft has to be separated from the space station 27.5 hours before re-entry. If we aim at the return time window in the morning of 16, the spacecraft will leave the space station at around 6 o'clock on 15.

But this time, Shenzhou XIII is expected to adopt fast return technology for the first time. Before re-entry, the spacecraft only needs to make five turns alone, so the spacecraft will be separated from the space station 7.5 hours before re-entry. In this case, also aiming at the time window of 16, Shenzhou XIII is expected to leave the space station around 2 o'clock on 16.

After aiming at the time window, Shenzhou XIII ignited and braked, and its orbit continued to decrease, finally entering the atmosphere at a suitable angle. Under the action of the dense atmosphere of the earth, the spacecraft kept slowing down. After descending to a certain height, the spacecraft opened its parachute and slowed down further. When the distance from the ground is about 1 m, the spacecraft will reverse the ignition of the engine and let the spacecraft land at a safe speed. The whole process lasts about 49 minutes.

A few months ago, Shenzhou 12 successfully landed in the predetermined area of Dongfeng landing site, and the search and rescue forces found the return capsule for the first time. If Shenzhou XIII adopts fast return technology this time, the flight control event interval will be shortened, which puts higher demands on the search and rescue spacecraft, and the landing site will make preparations in advance for this.

While Shenzhou XIII is preparing to leave the space station, the ground landing site is also ready for the landing of Shenzhou XIII. Previously, the search and rescue forces had conducted several spacecraft search and recovery drills at the Dongfeng landing site. At present, the Dongfeng landing site is ready to welcome the three astronauts of Shenzhou XIII home. Let us look forward to the hero's triumph!