Lv Bicheng, a Lan Qing whose real name is Dunfu, is a layman of Yin Ming and Baolian. A native of Jingde County, Anhui Province, was born in the 9th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1883). His father, Lu Fengqi, was a scholar of Ding Chou in Guangxu for three years. He used to be an assistant in the National History Museum, compiling jade books and studying politics in Shanxi. The family has 30,000 books. Poetry and books can educate people by themselves. Influenced by scholarly family, Lv Bicheng is smart and witty. From an early age, he was famous for his talent and emotion, taking poetry as his career, being good at painting, managing printing, and being good at melody in particular. Every word comes out from far and near. ?
Lv Bicheng is not only a talented woman, but also a great beauty. People gave it to her from then on? Natural eyebrows contain heroic spirit, and lakes and mountains nourish qi everywhere? And then what? Snow cleverness, hibiscus color We can also see her beauty in such poems. There are many pictures of him, wearing a European dress, peacock feathers embroidered on his chest and a jade feather. He is elegant, charming and beautiful. Su, a famous modern woman writer, once praised her as? Beautiful? .
The main contributor to Ta Kung Pao
At the age of 9, he was engaged to the son of a squire named Wang. /kloc-When she was 0/3 years old, her family changed greatly. My father died of illness, and because he had no children, all his property was occupied by his family, instigating gangsters to forcibly imprison his mother Yan. Lv Bicheng Jr., carrying a heavy burden, wrote letters to his father's friends and students, asking for help everywhere, including Zengxiang Fan, then the deployment envoy of Jiangning and the governor of Liangjiang. Officials dare not neglect, and the mother who has been imprisoned for a long time can escape. But what about Lv Bicheng? In-laws? But she was wary: she had such energy at an early age, and such a daughter-in-law might be difficult to discipline in the future, so she proposed to break off her marriage. From then on, the Lujia family was weak, orphaned and widowed, and sickly. At that time, women could not help getting engaged, but divorce was regarded as a great shame. This painful experience left an unforgettable mark on Bi Cheng's young mind and became a wound that could not be healed for life. Since then, she has sprouted great hatred for the feudal system.
My mother, with her four underage daughters, went to Uncle Yan of Tanggu, who was appointed as the ambassador of Salt Company (general manager of salt field, eight-product officer, non-salt carrier), and began to live in the sponsor's house. After the Reform Movement of 1898, the reformists thought of sturm und drang and were dissatisfied with the painting and calligraphy life in the boudoir. Lv Bicheng, 20, 1903 planned to go to Tianjinwei? Visiting a girls' school? . My niece wanted to enter a new school, but she was severely scolded by her conservative uncle, saying that girls should be at home? Abide by women's morality? (History of the Republic of China) aroused Lv Bicheng's great indignation. The next day, she escaped from home and set foot on the train to Tianjin. She was penniless and didn't even have time to pack. Unaccompanied, Lv Bicheng met a kind-hearted person on the train, the proprietress of Tianjin Fozhao Hotel. When she learned about Lv Bicheng's situation, she took her to live in her own home. Because Lv Bicheng had no financial resources, she was once in trouble, so she wandered around. She learned by chance that Fang Jun's wife, the secretary of her uncle's department, lives in the Ta Kung Pao newspaper in binjiang road, Tianjin, so she wrote her a letter, telling her own experience and various situations in Tianjin, and sincerely seeking help.
Maybe fate changed Lv Bicheng's luck. This letter happened to be read by Lianzhi Ying, general manager and editor-in-chief of Ta Kung Pao. Unwilling to be versatile, Lianzhi Ying personally visited Mrs Fang's house. After meeting, she appreciated Lv Bicheng's courage and immediately decided to invite her to be a trainee editor of Ta Kung Pao and let her move to a newspaper office. Everything has a bright side. Lv Bicheng, go to Tianjin? New learning? Without success, she became the first female editor in China's news history and began to live independently.
Lv Bicheng, a talented woman, has only been in Ta Kung Pao for a few months, and her poems with rigorous meter and brilliant literary talent have been praised by predecessors.
From 1904 to 1908, Lv Bicheng became the chief writer of Ta Kung Pao, and her wonderful articles appeared frequently. Like her, her two sisters Lv Huiru and Lv Sunmei are also famous for their poems. Huainan Sanlu is world famous? . Ta Kung Pao edited and published Sister Lu's Poems, and commented on it, calling it? A fruitful star? Character type.
Lv Bicheng told his friends about his feelings like this: Not many men can be satisfied with life, Liang Qichao had a family long ago, Wang Jingwei was too young, Wang Rongbao was a good person, and he was married. Zhang Jian once introduced Zhu Zongyuan to me, but his age is not chaotic, and both men and women are white, which is too inappropriate. My goal is not the amount of money and family status, but the position in literature, so it is difficult to find a suitable partner, and it is impossible to succeed in the East or the West.
Social star.
At that time, Lv Bicheng's beautiful image often appeared at various parties, which became a peculiar scenery in Beijing and Tianjin for a time, and people were deeply impressed by this thoughtful beauty and talented woman. At that time, celebrities from all walks of life sought after Lv Bicheng in succession, such as famous poets Zengxiang Fan and Master Yi, Yuan Han Yun, son of Yuan Shikai, and Li Jingxi, son of Li Hongzhang. Just like Miao Shan said in a poem in the Secret History of the Imperial Palace: Fly to the top of the ci world and be born with wisdom. The crimson curtains are full of jealousy, pushing Lv Bicheng everywhere. ? In Lv Bicheng's own words: Therefore, the famous guests in Beijing and Tianjin have close contacts, and there is no time to sing with the poems of the staff of the Supervision Department. ?
At that time, many people pursued Lv Bicheng. It is said that Lv Bicheng had a high opinion and only took a fancy to Liang Qichao and Wang Jingwei, but he felt that Liang Qichao was too old (9 years older than Lv Bicheng) and Wang Jingwei was too young (the same age as Lv Bicheng). In addition, according to the textual research of Mr. Fang Hao, a modern Catholic historian, Lianzhi Ying, the editor-in-chief of Ta Kung Pao, worships Lv Bicheng very much, which even caused the misunderstanding of the British lady. Mr. Liang, a historian, also found the words addressed to:? I apologize for my kindness, wash my heart and water and beg for mercy. Autumn water, spring breeze, vanilla and amorous feelings are used to writing, but they are endless in meaning, always relying on poetry. ? Really affectionate, revealing a kind of affection.
Lv Bicheng told his friends his feelings like this: Not many men are satisfied with their lives, Liang Qichao has a family, Wang Jingwei is too young, Wang Rongbao is nice and married, and Zhang Jian once introduced Zhu Zongyuan to me, but his age is not chaotic, and both men and women are white, which is too inappropriate. My goal is not the amount of money and family status, but the position in literature, so it is difficult to find a suitable partner, and it is impossible to succeed in the East or the West. Fortunately, I have some savings at hand, and I don't worry about food and clothing. I have to amuse myself with literature.
An educator who advocates women's rights
During his tenure as editor-in-chief of Ta Kung Pao, Lv Bicheng took advantage of this public opinion position and actively published a large number of poems and articles advocating women's rights and women's liberation. As a pioneer of women's ideological emancipation, she believes that in order to realize women's real independence, it is necessary? Enlighten people's wisdom? Greatly improve women's ideological and cultural quality. Therefore, the establishment of a new type of girls' school has become her ideal goal. Therefore, Lv Bicheng made many speeches to publicize the necessity and importance of establishing girls' schools. She raised the establishment of a girls' school to the height of the rise and fall of the country, thus impacting the Millennium? A woman without talent is a virtue? The trite concept of.
In order to help Lv Bicheng set up a girls' school, Lianzhi Ying, the general manager and editor-in-chief of Ta Kung Pao, introduced her to celebrities such as Yan Fu, Yan Sunfan and Fu Zengxiang to win support. Yan Fu, a translator, a famous evolutionist and educator, was teaching at Tianjin Naval Academy at that time, and served as the head teacher and general manager (principal) of the school. He got close to Lianzhi Ying and signed his calligraphy Ta Kung Pao. He also heard the name of Lv Bicheng a long time ago, and he admired her very much. He not only accepted her as a female disciple, but also taught the principles of logic carefully, and also wrote poems between teachers and students. He also strongly recommended Lv Bicheng to Governor Yuan Shikai, saying that she was the best person to set up a girls' school. So Yuan Shikai readily agreed to ask her to help scholars of the Reform Movement of 1898 and Zhili, and let Fu Zengxiang organize girls' schools. With the support of officials such as Tianjin Daoyintang and Shao Yi, the organization of girls' schools is progressing smoothly. 1904165438+1October 17, Beiyang Women's College was formally established and opened, with Lv Bicheng as the chief teacher (provost) and Fu Zengxiang as the inspector (principal). Two years later, the normal department was added and renamed Beiyang Women's Normal School. At the age of 23, Lv Bicheng was promoted to head (principal). Such a young headmistress was unique in China at that time.
In this pure land of campus, Lv Bicheng spared no effort to promote new women's education. 1978, she was in charge of administration, giving lectures in person, combining China's traditional virtues with western ideas of democracy and freedom, and combining China's Chinese studies with western natural sciences, making Beiyang Women's College one of the cradles of modern female civilization in China. Many girls who studied here later became outstanding revolutionaries, educators and artists in China, such as Deng, Xu Guangping, Zhou Daoru (who was Yuan Shikai's respected mentor) and so on. They were all taught by Lv Bicheng. In the silent land of China, Lv Bicheng sowed the seeds of hope for women's all-round awakening.
The power of example is infinite. Under the influence of Lv Bicheng, the Lushi sisters are engaged in women's education and have made great achievements. Sister Lu Huiru is the principal of Nanjing Liangjiang Women's Normal School, second sister Lu is the principal of Fengtian Women's Normal School, and younger sister Lu Kunxiu is a teacher of Xiamen Women's Normal School. She also became a famous poet and educator. ? Jingdezhen is a four-talented woman? It became a beautiful talk widely praised at that time and was highly praised by people at that time.
Lv Bicheng told his friends about his feelings like this: Not many men can be satisfied with life, Liang Qichao had a family long ago, Wang Jingwei was too young, Wang Rongbao was a good person, and he was married. Zhang Jian once introduced Zhu Zongyuan to me, but his age is not chaotic, and both men and women are white, which is too inappropriate. My goal is not the amount of money and family status, but the position in literature, so it is difficult to find a suitable partner, and it is impossible to succeed in the East or the West.
From Presidential Secretary to Conversion to Buddhism
After the founding of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai stole the achievements of the Revolution of 1911 and became the president. Lv Bicheng entered the Xinhua Palace and served as the confidential secretary of the President's government. After Yuan Shikai wanted to be emperor, a group of people in the Preparatory Committee actively acted as trumpeters for Yuan Shikai's restoration of monarchy. Lv Bicheng dismissed the actions of Yuan Shikai and his followers, resolutely resigned and moved to Shanghai with his mother. In just two or three years, she accumulated considerable wealth and became a wealthy businesswoman.
19 18, Lv Bicheng went to the United States, studied literature and art at Columbia University, and served as a special correspondent for Shanghai Times, sending back what she saw in the United States to China, so that China people could see the world with her. Four years later, I returned to China. 1926, Lv Bicheng went abroad alone again, roaming Europe and America, this time it took longer, reaching 7 years. She wrote her own story as A Roaming in Europe and America (also known as Hong Xue's Career), which was serialized in Shuntian Times in Beijing and Semimonthly Talk in Shanghai.
Lv Bicheng never married for life, and then gradually became interested in religion. In the early years of the Republic of China, Lv Bicheng once met a Buddhist monk from Tiantai Sect in Beijing, and he learned something. However, Lv Bicheng really began to believe in Buddhism. According to her own account, it is about 1929. At that time, Lv Bicheng lived in London, England, and his friend Mrs. Sun happened to be in the street? Pick up the leaflets of the master printer and the Buddhist pamphlet of Nie Yuntai? Mrs. sun dismissed this: in this day and age, who will believe such things! ? But Lv Bicheng immediately said: I want it! So I hid it. I follow the instruction of Master Yin and recite the Mizun holy name ten times every morning, which is the so-called ten-chanting method. This is the beginning of learning Buddhism. ?
After Lv Bicheng believed in Buddhism, he abided by the Five Commandments, was a vegetarian, did not eat meat, and strongly advocated animal protection. 1929, she accepted the invitation of the International Society for the Protection of Animals, represented China at the meeting held by the International Society for the Protection of Animals in Vienna, and strongly advocated vegetarianism. Protecting life and giving up killing? . 1930, Lv Bicheng officially converted to Sambo and became a layman, and his dharma name was full of ambitions.
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1939, when World War II broke out, the smoke in Europe was thicker than that in China. Lv Bicheng returned to Hongkong from Switzerland. He first lived in the house he bought in Shanguang Road, Hong Kong, and then moved to Donglianjue Garden. On 19431October 24th, he died alone in Kowloon, Hong Kong at the age of 6 1. He was ordered not to leave any bones. After cremation, he made the ashes and noodles into pills and threw them into the South China Sea.