The planting area of longan is getting larger and larger, and correspondingly, the demand for seedlings of longan trees is also great. If the traditional pre-seedling method is adopted, it is difficult to meet the requirements of growers for the total number of seedlings and product quality. When the doctor of medicine went to Fujian province for investigation, he found that many people chose the method of transplanting and grafting to cultivate longan seedlings, which was very efficient, vigorous and had a high survival rate, and could bear fruit 1-2 years earlier.

For the method of longan pre-seedling, the medical doctor also strongly recommends the grafting method mentioned above. The key of longan pre-seedling grafting includes four aspects: seedling selection, scion selection, grafting practice and post-grafting management method. As long as these four tasks are done well, longan seedlings can be cultivated quickly and longan planting can be promoted.

1. How to raise longan seedlings?

First, we need to choose a nursery base, and then two plows and two rakes will be used for ridging. Ridge width 1- 1.2m, ditch width set to 40-50cm, and ridge height set to 40-50cm. After ridging, 2,500-3,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer should be applied to each mu of land resources, with sufficient compost, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 100- 150 kilograms should be applied to the ridging surface. Then, turn the fertilizer over with a wide hoe or shovel and mix it with a soil plow to a depth of 25.

After sorting out the land resources, everyone will wash the collected fresh longan seeds with tap water for 2-3 times, remove the residual meat in the seeds, pick out a small seed, and then use wet sand to promote tooth growth. It is more appropriate to rub the gravel by hand and let it be natural. At the same time of seedling emergence, it is necessary to irrigate the border with water to make the fertilizer and soil layer penetrate evenly. After 2-3 days of dental urging, most seeds can be put into operation in the germination stage. Row spacing 18-20cm, planting ditch height 8cm, planting spacing 5cm-8cm. Cover the soil immediately after sowing, and the thickness of the soil layer is 2 to 3 times that of the seeds.

Second, how to choose and solve seedlings?

You must choose longan seedlings with a stem diameter of 0.6-0.9 cm at 25 cm from the ground, bright and tender green skin and developed roots. In the case of transplanting big trees, everyone must be very careful to avoid damage to the roots as much as possible. After transplanting big trees, the roots must be pulped immediately, and the water supply for green seedlings should be well done. Then cut off the roots that are too long, and the main stem can only be kept 6-9 cm. The main stem of longan seedlings only needs to be kept for 40 cm, and all the leaves are cut off to reduce water volatilization. The best transplanting time is June 5438+10-March every year, because at this stage, most longan seedlings have not germinated, and the nutrient supply of tree stems is sufficient. Before the announcement of transplanting, the roots can be re-pulped, compacted immediately after planting, and watered with sufficient water to promote rapid seedling extension. After transplanting 10-30 days, the roots of the seedlings are basically fixed and the next grafting can be carried out.

3. How to select and save scions?

Before sprouting in early spring, everyone needs to choose last year's autumn shoots as scions. The thickness of the scion should be basically the same as that of the glued wood, which is generally 0.5-0.9 cm according to the working experience. When we choose a scion, it is best to pick it when picking it. If the scion is picked too much, everyone must do a good job of moisturizing and hydrating immediately. The doctor of medicine saw that many farmers neglected to moisturize and replenish water to the scion, which led to the withering of the scion and reduced the survival rate of grafting.

Fourth, how to carry out the specific steps of grafting?

After transplanting longan test-tube seedlings, the best grafting time is after "Tomb-Sweeping Day", that is, from March to April of a year. Because there are many nutrients stored in longan seedlings at this stage, as long as the temperature and water in the natural environment are suitable, the grafting survival rate of longan trees is extremely high. The doctor of medicine suggested that grafting should never be carried out in rainy days, which would easily lead to excessive humidity between glued wood and scion and rot. Grafting method can also choose cutting method, and the socket is 20-30 cm away from the road surface.

5. How to manage longan after grafting?

First of all, everyone must immediately erase the budding period of sticky wood. After grafting, everyone must immediately puncture the plastic film for the seedlings that will not break the film. In the rainy season, the seedling base should do a good job of drainage pipes as much as possible. If there is a dry temperature, water should be injected immediately. When all the seedlings come out, everyone must pay attention to disease prevention. If the temperature is too high, people must use shading net to shade 10- 15 days to improve the survival rate of grafted seedlings. After grafting, the surviving longan seedlings can grow and develop for another 6-8 months, and then they can be planted out of the garden.

Conclusion of intransitive verbs

Compared with direct pre-seedling, grafting method is more efficient and faster. Now this method is very mature, longan growers must study hard, and it must be a good technology once and for all.