Jiang Ziya, Zhang Heng, Zhang Zhongjing, Zhuge Liang, Fan Li.

Jiang Ziya

Military strategist in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Jiang surname, Lushi, fame, Ziya, also known as Lu Shang, commonly known as Jiang Ziya, was born in the late Shang Dynasty. Boyi, the ancestor of Jiang Ziya, assisted Dayu in water control, and was given the surname of Jiang and the title of marquis of Lu. He founded the State of Lu in Dongying Village, Wangcun Township, Wolong District, and Jiang Ziya was born in Dongying Village. There are still tombs of the State of Lu, surrounded by relics such as Lugang, Lv Lin, Luqiao, Lv Wan, Ziyaxi and Shuangshi Temple. In ancient temples, there are statues of Jiang Ziya. Lu is an ancient country, recognized by historians as being in the west of Nanyang, and was destroyed by Chu in the early Spring and Autumn Period. Later generations respectfully called it "seeking holiness"

Zhuge Liang (18 1 ~ 234)

Minister and outstanding politician of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period. The word kongming. Langxie Yang Du people have a family background of 2,000 stones. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the shepherd went to Jingzhou with his uncle Zhuge Xuan after repeated wars and defeats. He lived in seclusion in Nanyang (now Nanyang City, Henan Province), devoted himself to farming for a Long Mu, and compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. In the 12th year of Jian 'an (207), Liu Bei heard his name and visited the thatched cottage. Liang worked out the strategy of joining Sun Wu in the east, relying on Jing and Yi in the west, resisting Cao Shi in the south and resisting Vietnam in the north, and the plan of marching into the Central Plains, thus making a general strategy for later. Zhuge Liang became Liu Bei's main assistant. The following year, Cao Cao went south, joined forces with Zhou Yu and Lu Su in Jiangdong, and lobbied in Dongwu, which led to the alliance between Sun Quan and Liu Bei and the victory of Battle of Red Cliffs. Later, he helped Liu Bei win the four counties of Jingzhou and became a military commander. Then he led the army back to Sichuan from Jingzhou to help Liu Bei surround Chengdu, overthrow Liu Zhang's rule and win Yizhou. Move the division, general. When Liu Bei went to war, he often guarded Chengdu, stabilized the rear and ensured supply. Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and served as prime minister, recording the affairs of ministers. In the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was seriously ill, leaving Zhuge Liang alone when he died. When Liu Chan ascended the throne, he was assisted by the Prime Minister, led by Yizhou Pastoral, and sealed the marquis of Wuxiang. Liu Chan is weak, no matter big or small, it depends on light. A famous politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. Be regarded as the embodiment of wisdom by future generations. Farming Nanyang leads to the story of three visits to the cottage. Known as the "wise sage"

fan li

Fan Li (date of birth and death is unknown), born in Chu Wan (now Nanyang). Politicians and big businessmen in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Born in a poor family. They became friends when he was a famous scholar of Chu and his style of writing was Chu Wanling. Later, they thought that Chu Fei's nobility was not official and the politics was dark. Instead, they went to Vietnam together, became doctors and went to court with their literary colleagues. King Yue often talks with Fan Li about the strategy of governing the country. Gou Jian ascended the throne, fought against Wu, defeated Wu Jun, and wounded the king of Wu with an arrow. When the prince of Wu died, he told his son Fu Cha to take revenge. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, ascended the throne, training the army and thinking about revenge on Yue. When Gou Jian was informed, he ignored the advice and took the initiative to attack Wu, and was defeated by Wu. After the defeat, Gou Jian listened to the plan and sent doctors and scholars to make peace with Wu, bribing Wu Taizai with beautiful women and treasures, so that the king of Wu pardoned the king of Yue, and Gou Jian and his wife became the hostages of Wu. Accompany the King of Yue to the State of Wu as a hostage, share your worries and solve problems for you, act cautiously, paralyze Fu Cha, and enable the monarch and his subjects to return to the State of Wu. After returning to Vietnam, he assisted Gou Jian, the king of Vietnam, and worked hard to accumulate strength. The King of Yue listened to his advice, and Goujian and his wife personally plowed and weaved, paid tribute to the virtuous corporal, helped the poor and comforted the dead, and finally made Wu Dazhi. After Yue became rich and powerful, Gou Jian repeatedly tried to attack Wu, but he was discouraged. The King of Wu listened to the slanderers, killed Wu Zixu, a loyal minister, and his national strength declined. He sent troops to attack and destroy the State of Wu, helped the King of Yue plan for more than 20 years, and paid homage to the general. Later, he helped Gou Jian send troops to the north, formed an alliance with the princes, and made Gou Jian, the king of Yue, take charge.

From then on, Fan Li thought it was difficult to live long under a famous person with a surname, and Gou Jian was a person who could share joys and sorrows, so it was difficult to share joys and sorrows with him. He resigned from Gou Jian, the King of Yue, left letters, fled to Qi by boat, changed his name and surname, cultivated land, boiled salt with seawater, and managed to produce tens of millions of crops. Qi people are famous for their sages. He lamented: "Being at home is the most precious thing, and being an official is the most important thing in the world. But I have been honored for a long time, which is unknown! " He abandoned his official position, dissipated his wealth, lived in seclusion in Tao Di (now northwest of Dingtao, Shandong Province), and was named Tao Zhugong, specializing in business, which made him extremely tired. Ann died in Tao. He also wrote the Book of Fish Culture before his death, which is the earliest fish culture document in the world. (It is recorded in both Mandarin and historical books) Later generations regard it as "Shangsheng". It is said that after Wu's death, mutually assured destruction! ! .

Zhang Heng (AD 78- 139)

Zhang Hengzi Hirako, a native of Xi (now Shiqiaoxia Village, Nanyang City) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a great scientist, writer and inventor in ancient China. All his life, he was "quick and eager to learn, like a dead river, sleepless" and made great contributions to world science and culture. In astronomy, Zhang Heng invented the "armillary sphere", which is the first large-scale astronomical instrument in the world to observe stars by water power. He also wrote two astronomical masterpieces, The Legend of Huntian Instrument and Lingxian, which comprehensively and systematically expounded the theoretical system of Huntian Theory, revealed the laws of planetary motion and the causes of lunar eclipse, and pointed out that the number of "microsatellite" was 6438+06543. In seismology, in 132, he invented the world's first seismograph, which opened a new era for human beings to record and study earthquakes with instruments (more than 700 years earlier than in Europe), and detected the Gansu earthquake in 138, and was recognized as the founder of world seismology. His grandfather, Zhang Kan, was knowledgeable and virtuous. In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Zhang Kan was praised as the "son" by people at that time because of his excellent character and knowledge. During his growing up, his family study and his grandfather's moral achievements had a great influence on Zhang Heng's later becoming a great scientist. Later, his grandparents and grandchildren were listed in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and went down in history together.

In addition, Zhang Heng also carefully produced machines such as "single wood carving", "drum car in rice", "Swiss wheel and clear pod" and "south guide car". In literature, he is good at writing poems, composing poems, inscriptions and other styles. His A Tale of Two Cities is called "the Extremely Long Trajectory", which was translated and published by Princeton University. In art, he ranks first among the six famous painters in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Heng's success in many disciplines and fields is a treasure of human history and occupies a very high position in the history of science, technology and culture in China and the world. As early as 1950s, Zhang Heng was listed as a world cultural celebrity. 1970 and 1977, the international astronomical union named a crater on the moon "Zhang Hengshan" and an asteroid in the solar system "Zhang Hengxing". 1953 and 1955, China successively issued the portrait of Zhang Heng and the seismograph stamps. 1956, Guo Moruo wrote an inscription for Zhang Heng's Tomb: "Such an all-round development figure is also rare in world history. It is admirable to worship the thousand-year-old man.

Zhang Zhongjing (150-2 19)

Zhang Zhongjing, whose real name is Zhongjing, was born in Nanyang (now Nanyang) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was a great doctor in ancient China and a great man in the history of world medicine. When Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty was in filial piety, he served as the magistrate of Changsha. Throughout his life, he assiduously sought the ancient method, learned from others, collected the achievements of his predecessors, absorbed the essence of four generations, and wrote the immortal medical masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases. This medical book, which combines theory, prescription and medicine, pioneered the treatment based on syndrome differentiation and formed China's unique medical thought system, which greatly promoted the development of medicine in later generations.

The last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Zhang Zhongjing lived, was an extremely turbulent era in the history of China, with frequent wars, epidemic diseases, people being displaced and living in poverty. Zhang Zhongjing's family is a big family with more than 200 people. In less than ten years since the early years of Jian 'an, two-thirds of people died of epidemic diseases, and seven-tenths of them died of typhoid fever.

Facing the plague, Zhang Zhongjing was very sad and angry. During his tenure as magistrate in Changsha, he "sat in the classroom to practice medicine" after taking care of political affairs, treated the people and saved many lives. Later generations called the place where the disease was treated "Tang". Later, Zhang Zhongjing resigned as the magistrate of Changsha, devoted himself to the study of the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever, carefully summarized the previous medical theories and experiences, extensively collected folk prescriptions, and wrote the medical masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases. It is one of the most influential classic medical books in the medical history of China, and it is also the first monograph on clinical therapeutics. It has been widely used in medical practice since Qin and Han Dynasties, and has become an important medical book for all physicians in later generations. Zhang Zhongjing was also called a "medical sage" by later generations because of his outstanding contribution to medicine. It is not only respected by domestic medical scientists in past dynasties, but also imitated by Japanese, Korean, European and American medical scientists. It is known as "the ancestor of all laws, the sacred book of medicine". After the medical forest, Zhang Zhongjing was known as "the sage of medicine" and "the eternal medical Sect". Baldmer, a professor of medicine at the University of Washington in the United States, once said with emotion: "Einstein founded the theory of relativity, but Zhang Zhongjing applied the principle of relativity to practice as early as 1800 years ago. Zhang Zhongjing is the pride of our mankind. " 1993 The Wellcome Institute of Medical History in London, England, the authoritative research institution of international medical history, listed Zhang Zhongjing in the list of 29 great men in the world medical history for promotion and commemoration.