In the development process of nearly 20 years, the connotation of general education and the construction mode of curriculum system are constantly enriched.

In the new era, general education is regarded as one of the important ways to cultivate all-round high-quality talents and improve the ability of higher education to serve the strategic needs of the country.

What are the new directions and problems of general education in China University? Not long ago, at the educational seminar on "General Education from the Perspective of New Liberal Arts: Concept, Essence and Trend" held in university of international business and economics, the participating experts conducted in-depth discussions and exchanges around the two themes of "General Education and University Spirit" and "General Education and General Curriculum", and analyzed the misunderstandings existing in the current general education cognition.

At the seminar, Xia Wenbin, president of university of international business and economics, pointed out that general education showed five development trends. One is "deep", and the notification course is an extended version and an upgraded version of the professional course. Second, "wide" refers to the extensiveness, interdisciplinary and inclusiveness of educational content, and integration is very important. Third, for the sake of being "new", general education is a new category, not a simple addition and accumulation of other categories; Fourth, for the sake of truth, general education from the perspective of new liberal arts guides students to improve their ability of regression observation and analysis and improve their comprehensive quality in an all-round way; Fifth, we should "change" and build a new type of teachers, curriculum system and teaching form through reform and innovation.

"Suntech" or "Learning"

"At present, general education in China faces the following five constraints. In other words, general education is misunderstood as general education. The top-level design is not enough; Teachers' insufficient understanding of general education and the orientation of general courses and students' ignorance of literacy courses colleges will weaken the status of literacy courses.

Long Yonghong, vice president of the Graduate School of China Renmin University, said.

In order to solve these constraints, it is necessary to clarify the connotation of general education.

Long Yonghong believes that the connotation of general education is not consensus, but "flexibility and understanding". Integrate the knowledge and methods of different disciplines, go straight into the depths of thinking, internalize in the heart, and externalize in the line.

"Virtue and wisdom?" These are also two topics that have been debated in general education. Some teachers pay attention to intelligence, while others think virtue is very important.

Especially in our traditional education, "virtue" always precedes "Tao".

Ren Junfeng, deputy director of the General Education Center of Fudan University, said that moral, intellectual and physical education can be organically combined, such as the ongoing ideological and political course and the previous humanistic quality education.

"In the new century, China University should not only improve the self-confidence of educators, but also make young people have higher moral cultivation. They should have a skill and become "good people" and "good citizens". They should be both "virtuous" and "inquisitive".

"

From the perspective of new liberal arts, some people have obvious misunderstandings about the connotation of general education.

For example, in the past, a foreign language was always regarded as a language tool.

Jin Bing, a professor at the English School of the University of International Business and Economics, said that foreign language general education analyzes the historical evolution and cultural context behind language, thinks about the relationship between language and identity, cultivates mother tongue awareness in foreign language learning, and highlights cultural subjectivity in the dialogue between different civilizations. When comparing multiculturalism with different forms of civilization, Teacher Jin Mu said

"Mix and match" has become an important feature.

What is the development trend of general education at present?

The basic insight of Falcon recycling rockets comes from the idea that rockets and space travel must save costs, and "saving costs" is one of the economic principles.

Lu Xiaodong, a researcher at Peking University Institute of Education, said that the research idea of Falcon Rocket comes from economic physics, or a "mix and match" of the basic concepts of economic physics, and the author Musk's knowledge background is a double degree in economic (professional) physics.

"Remixing" is a dynamic philosophical concept put forward by American scholar kevin kelly.

Citing the judgment of economist Paul Romer, he pointed out that real sustainable economic growth comes from mixing.

Brian Arthur, another American economist, further pointed out that modern technology also comes from the remixing of existing technologies.

"Blending has become the educational philosophy of cultivating interdisciplinary talents and the growth direction of interdisciplinary talents, which constitutes the philosophical basis behind the construction of' four innovations'.

"Lu Xiaodong said that from this perspective, general education and general courses can be regarded as' shallow mixing', and transfer, tutorial system/double degree education, second bachelor degree education and joint bachelor degree can be regarded as' deep mixing'.

Li, a professor at the School of International Relations of the University of International Business and Economics, combined with his years of teaching practice, talked about his understanding of general education in universities.

In his view, the first level of general education in universities is to broaden one's horizons and spread knowledge. General education can enable students to dabble in interdisciplinary knowledge and expand their knowledge.

The second level is the cultivation of multidisciplinary observation and analysis ability. Students have the basic ability to observe and analyze theoretical and practical problems of different majors and disciplines.

The third level is the cultivation of interdisciplinary observation and analysis ability. Students put the theoretical and practical problems of their major and discipline into an interdisciplinary observation and analysis framework to improve their learning and research ability.

"Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, although there is only a word difference, but more emphasis on the linkage compatibility between the analytical frameworks of various disciplines, emphasizing the interaction between general education and professional learning.

It can be seen that the general education curriculum is not a simplified or popular version of the professional curriculum, but an upgraded version of the professional curriculum.

"Xiong Lili said.

Overall design of "replacing surface with point"

There is a typical metaphor about knowledge education and professional education. In other words, the difference between knowledge education and professional education can be reflected by the stories of "fox" and "hedgehog".

"Fox" refers to a generalist and "Hedgehog" refers to an expert.

Another understanding is that "general education" and "major" are also the relationship between "face" and "point"-if there is general education, it is impossible to naturally integrate general education.

In the past, when some colleges and universities designed general education subjects, they hoped that the wider the knowledge, the better. On the contrary, the trend of general education subjects has become formal and superficial.

Long Yonghong believes that the general education curriculum must be designed with the concept of "point instead of surface".

"The number of subjects in the core education curriculum must be rich and comprehensive. General education courses should focus on the cultivation of thinking, thinking and ability, and cooperate with the setting of extracurricular reading catalogues and research links to realize "replacing the face with points" and form relevant radiation, and strive to achieve the same goal and effect with different courses of the same category.

"

How to realize "point instead of surface"

Long Yonghong said that in the past, models declared by colleges and selected by computers must be abandoned first.

Taking China Renmin University as an example, in the promotion stage, the school adopted the practice of agreeing on the general education courses undertaken by each college on the basis of joint discussion between college leaders and key teachers.

"The core of' giving face' is that students need extensive reading and discussion.

"Long Yonghong said that it is necessary to emphasize the close combination of extracurricular research and classroom teaching.

The literacy department implements large class teaching and small class discussion.

From the front line of the army, one of the important roles of small class discussion-teaching assistant can not be ignored.

"Teaching assistants are generally master students and doctoral students. Different teaching AIDS have completely different educational effects. The difference lies in whether the teaching assistant can condense the students' questions into more topics for discussion.

This depends on the expressive ability and comprehensive ability of the teaching assistant, but more importantly, his academic ability.

Therefore, for the training of teaching assistants, it is more important to cultivate and improve their academic ability.

"Ren Junfeng said.

Many universities have done a lot of work in the construction and selection of literacy courses, but the examination form is too traditional.

When taking the postgraduate entrance examination, students can only get high marks by reciting textbook knowledge. So the "last mile" of general education is not ideal.

Long Yonghong believes that the content and methods of the final exam should focus on the realization of students' learning goals, which is appropriately open, comprehensive, flexible and challenging.

"Classroom interaction, reading notes, exercises and extracurricular discussions should all be included in the usual grades.

The research content assigned after class should also be included in the final exam.

"

Fundamentally change the teaching style and study style.

General education in the true sense can not be achieved by opening a few general courses. From the perspective of Ren Jun, it is an important means to completely change the teaching style and study style of China University.

At present, general education in China is divided into three modes: elite college mode, humanities college mode and undergraduate college mode.

Elite colleges are carried out on a small scale. The College of Humanities belongs to the same level as other colleges in the university, so it is difficult to mobilize teachers from other colleges. The undergraduate college is directly connected with the academic affairs office, and the operation is reasonable.

"The version 2.0 of general education in China in the future may be based on the intersection of arts and sciences, separating applied research from basic research. For example, law schools, business schools, journalism schools and education schools quit undergraduate courses and become' post-undergraduate' education.

"One-pot Cooking"-Applied research is no longer reduced to empty research as it is now, but has pushed many basic research to the edge of distributability.

"Ren Junfeng said.

To realize this reform, the key role of teachers will be involved.

Different from full-time teachers, undergraduate colleges adopt part-time teacher system, which Ren Junfeng thinks has more growth potential.

In Fudan, they turned general education into a platform for the growth of teachers' education and the emergence of celebrities, looking for the realistic possibility of teachers' investment in education and trying to effectively combine teachers' own research with education.

"In other words, teachers' teaching process is part of their academic research. Through several years of teaching, they can publish papers and books around the problems found in the teaching field, and really mobilize the enthusiasm of teachers for knowledge education.

"Ren Junfeng said.

In Ren Junfeng's view, it is also very important for teachers to learn from each other, see each other's wisdom and grow themselves in the process of building a community of general education teachers.

Especially in the case that each department is subdivided and there is little communication between teachers, the general education platform is an important channel for teachers from different departments to learn related topics from each other.

(Wen caifei)).

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