Shuttling through the city, constantly changing jobs, doing odd jobs and doing short-term jobs, in order to make money, not just to make money ... "Short-term employment" has gradually become a new trend for migrant workers. Although the drifting attitude seems to be free and easy, the trend of "short-term employment" has also brought a series of problems, such as the lack of skilled workers in the transformation and upgrading of enterprises, the obstacles to the individual development of migrant workers, and the lack of high-end industries. "Move and look for opportunities" Although a rubber factory in Suzhou promised to raise wages after the end of the year, He Baokang from Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province left the company and went to Hangzhou to look for opportunities. "I came out to work in 2007, first digging coal in Shanxi, then panning for gold in Shandong, and then to Guangdong. I arrived in Suzhou a year ago and changed three factories." He Baokang said that he heard that Hangzhou was well treated, so he came to see it. In the past five years, He Bao Kang has changed six or seven jobs. In his own words, "I have been down and out and seen the scenery, but after several years, my hands are still empty." In his eyes, working is not just making money like parents, but a part of life. "If you want to find a job that suits you, you must move to find opportunities." Wang Jian from Gansu, 2 1 year old. He is an employee of a Japanese-funded enterprise in Hangzhou Xiasha Economic Development Zone. Although very young, he is recognized as "experienced" in the circle of fellow villagers. Three years ago, Wang Jian went to Shenzhen to work alone. His first job was a security guard, but only two months later, he not only changed his job, but also changed his city. After leaving Shenzhen, Wang Jian has been to Qingdao and Beijing, and came to his present unit six months ago. "Anyway, I am still young. I will run around to see if there is a better opportunity. " With the increasing proportion of the new generation, there are more and more migrant workers like He Bao Kang and Wang Jian. Different from their parents, these young people combine the demand of making money with seeking development opportunities, pay attention to the quality of hard and soft environment, enhance the flexibility of employment and highlight the characteristics of "short-term employment". Not long ago, Tsinghua University Sociology Department and Gongzhong.com Research Center jointly released a report on the employment trend of migrant workers. The report pointed out that compared with the previous employment of migrant workers, the current employment trend of migrant workers is obvious. In 2000, migrant workers who were employed for the first time could work for an average of 3.8 years. By 2008, this time was shortened to 1.4 years. The reporter found in an interview with small and medium-sized enterprises in Zhejiang that the "labor shortage" showed new changes at the end of the year and the beginning of the year: migrant workers who came out earlier began to "return" to the central and western regions with the help of the "route" of industrial transfer, taking care of their families while working; The new generation of migrant workers frequently "jump ship". Without worries, they regard work as a way of self-realization and "keep looking for jobs that can pin their dreams". Wu Zujun, deputy director of Yiwu Employment Service Administration, said that since last year, there have been more and more odd jobs in Yiwu. At first, odd jobs were mainly concentrated in the construction industry, but now they are expanding to various industries. "There are odd jobs markets near many farmers' markets and on both sides of busy roads. Sometimes these migrant workers organize themselves and disperse after completing a batch of orders. " "Short-term employment" brings new problems. For Hua Hong Group, a handicraft export enterprise in Yiwu, Zhejiang, recruitment is undoubtedly the most difficult problem at present. The 350 workers recruited in a week during the Spring Festival have already left nearly half of them before the pre-job training. This year, the wait-and-see mood of migrant workers is more obvious. Many people just got familiar with the factory environment and left in two or three days. They all said they wanted to go somewhere else. "Xu, a staff member of the Human Resources Department of Hua Hong Group, said that the company's orders are actually full and the treatment is very good. But another scene is that on Chaoyang Road, Fotang Town, Yiwu City, where Xu goes to work every morning, "the car can't move at all, there is a part-time market, and there are crowds of people every morning." Xu said, "I always thought it would be great if I could bring these workers to our factory." Xie Zhongshun, the owner of Quanxin Pig Farm in Hangzhou, is worried about the frequent job-hopping of the younger generation of migrant workers. It is a very serious phenomenon that generations of pig farms are out of date. Now they are fed by a group of people in their fifties, and no one comes to feed the pigs born in the 1980s, "Xie Zhongshun said. Even if I come, I will earn some living expenses for the time being and won't stay for long. Experts say that the emergence of "short-term employment" is related to both employers and employees. "Short-term employment" was originally an emergency measure to alleviate the "labor shortage", but in order to save labor costs, some enterprises rely more and more on temporary workers by avoiding signing or signing short-term employment contracts. The world economy is depressed, orders fluctuate greatly, short orders and small orders increase, and production is unstable. Enterprises tend to adopt flexible employment methods. At the same time, migrant workers shuttle between enterprises to find better opportunities, and in the process of short-term and temporary work, they can also get a monthly salary several hundred to 1000 yuan higher than usual. It can be said that it is the "strategic choice" of both sides that leads to the rapid spread of "short-term workers". However, under the background of "labor shortage", "short-term employment" has begun to bring troubles to some enterprises. In the long run, "short-term employment" will bring many problems. For individual migrant workers, although short-term work can get higher salary in a short time, frequent job-hopping will lead to skill loss, which is not conducive to long-term development; For enterprises, hiring short-term workers can save costs, but frequent replacement of workers is not conducive to transformation and upgrading; As far as the whole economy is concerned, "short-term employment" will affect the high-end development of the industrial chain and hinder the transformation from "Made in China" to "Created in China". Changing "short-term workers" requires the joint efforts of many parties. Although many enterprises in Yiwu are experiencing the annual "labor shortage", Lou Zhong Ping, the chairman of Shuangtong Pipes, doesn't have to worry about recruitment. There is no' labor shortage' for twin children. Lou said that after the Spring Festival, 70% of the old employees have returned to the factory one after another, and 15% are fellow villagers introduced by the old employees. Only the remaining 15% is recruited through the talent market, and more than 400 workers have all been put in place. It is precisely because of the early practice of the concept of treating employees as family members and letting employees share the fruits of enterprise development that there is no "labor shortage" for two children. However, Lou Zhong Ping said that many enterprises in coastal areas are still "impetuous", only looking at immediate interests, recruiting people when they need them, and laying off employees in the off-season. How can there not be a "labor shortage"? According to the reports of Tsinghua University and Gongzhong.com, 64.28% of male migrant workers and 56.54% of female migrant workers left their jobs because they were dissatisfied with the conditions of the company. With the development of economy, the low level of labor remuneration is unsustainable, and workers hope that their lives will be greatly improved after solving the problem of food and clothing. Lou believes that enterprises should conform to the internal needs of employees, not only to raise salaries, but also to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of employees such as emotion, entertainment and leisure. "The boss's basic attitude towards workers will determine whether your enterprise can achieve transformation and development." Some enterprise managers expressed the hope that the new generation of migrant workers can learn from their parents' hard work, seriousness and perseverance while showing their individuality and advocating freedom. "The progress of science and technology and the development of industry require higher and higher skills of employees. Even if you can make money by working for a short time, in the long run, only skilled workers can meet the needs of industrial development. " Pang Min, human resource manager of a mechanical numerical control company in Zhejiang, said. In addition to employers and employees, changing the tendency of "short-term employment" also requires the guidance of the government, completes supporting reforms, and gradually breaks the dual structure of urban and rural areas, so that the new generation of migrant workers can not only work in cities, but also live in cities. Chen Shida, president of Zhejiang Institute of Labor and Social Security Science, said that less than a quarter of the people who move across regions can really stay. According to the law of industrial development, the localized employment of migrant workers is an inevitable trend. "To really stop the spread of the phenomenon of' short-term employment', we must change the existing urban and rural structure. Once migrant workers can integrate into the city and realize' localized employment',' short-term employment' will be solved. " Chen Shida said that migrant workers should improve the level of public services, change the status quo of economic acceptance and social exclusion, solve the "right shortage" of migrant workers, and let farmers become citizens and integrate into urban life. (selected from "Half-monthly Talk")