When Zhuge Liang 13 years old, his uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the magistrate (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) by Yuan Shu. At that time, his younger brother Zhu Gejin had fled to Jiangdong alone to take refuge in Sun Quan; Uncle hurried to Jiangxi for his post, and Zhuge Liang's brother and sister had to leave Shandong to meet his uncle Zhuge Xuan in Jiangxi. But soon, the Han Dynasty appointed Zhu Hao as the new magistrate of Zhang Yu, replacing Zhuge Xuan. The official position is gone, the salary is gone, and a large group of young children surround their knees. How can we train them to be adults? Zhuge Xuan, who was forced to leave his job, was at a loss and found himself in a desperate situation. Suddenly, he remembered Liu Biao who now occupies Jingzhou. In the past, they were also good friends. It's just that times have changed. I don't know how Liu Biao, who is now a shepherd in Jingzhou, will treat himself. Don't care so much, life is important, so he had to have the cheek and drag his daughter to Jingzhou for a walk. It was not the ancient city of Jingzhou that ruled Jingzhou at that time, but Xiangyang. Xiangyang is located at the intersection of Hanshui River and Tangbaihe River, with Jianghan in the south and Sichuan and Shaanxi in the west, which is an important channel for communication between the north and the south. So Zhuge Xuan took the young woman all the way from Jiangxi to Xiangyang and came to Liu Biao.

Before the arrival of Zhuge Xuan and his party, Liu Biao, one of the famous "eight handsome men" at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, had already governed Jingzhou, a vast land with abundant resources, in the secretariat. He not only wiped out the local tyrants in the local government, but also launched a fierce battle with Sun Jian in Xiangyang, known in history as the "Battle of Van Deng". Sun Jian, who is famous for his bravery, was killed by an arrow in the battle, and Liu Biao won a decisive victory. After the war, Jingzhou became a buffer zone of war, which became relatively calm compared with other places where fires frequently occurred. Liu Biao encouraged farming, recuperated, recruited talents, and "learned from learning and sought Confucianism", which attracted a lot of customs.

Xi, Yan, Yu Xueshi, and even Liu Bei, who lost the battle in eastern Henan, defected to Liu Biao.

In such a good environment and atmosphere, Zhuge Xuan and his party came to Xiangyang. They came at the right time and were naturally warmly received by Liu Biao. So Zhuge Xuan's family and Zhuge Liang's brothers and sisters settled in Xiangyang and lived a comfortable life for several years. During this period, Zhuge Liang entered the "study" set up by Liu Biao in the south of the city. He cherishes this rare opportunity, gets up early and goes to bed late, and studies very hard. At this time, the Confucian atmosphere in Xiangyang has been quite strong. Zhuge Liang's apprentice was Sima Cao De, a representative of Confucianism in Jingzhou at that time, and a scholar of ancient Chinese classics with a deep foundation. So in such an environment, Zhuge Liang can only accept Confucian education. Confucian education left a deep imprint on Zhuge Liang. His moral concepts and behavior norms, such as his future entry into the WTO, his loyalty to Liu Bei, and his restraint in life, can all be regarded as the result of school education in this period.

Fortunately, Zhuge Liang didn't stay in the academic hall for a long time, and because he had lofty ideals and ambitions, he was not bound by Confucianism. Otherwise, he is very likely to become a poor and arrogant sour Confucian. Even from the best positive point of view, it is a big deal to be a "scholar." Even a great scholar does not have much development and creation, and it will only be "six classics note me, and I note six classics." How significant and valuable can it be, and how much contribution can it make to society? A seemingly accidental event changed Zhuge Liang's fate. 197, the third year after he entered the Academy, his uncle Zhuge Xuan passed away. At this time, Zhuge Liang was very sad. He lost his mother at the age of 3 and his father at the age of 8. He followed his uncle around and suffered from war. A sensitive heart has been suffering from painful polishing. I just lived a relatively stable life in Xiangyang for three years, but I didn't expect my uncle, who I always relied on, to die in a hurry. Fate depends on him. How can he be so heartless? My uncle's death is more sad than my father's. After all, when his father died, he was less than 8 years old, and he was not sensible and did not know what sadness was. After all, I have been following my uncle all these years. His meticulous care and tireless teaching are the warmth, sustenance and pillar of his heart! In the cry of sadness, Zhuge Liang became mature.

When my uncle left, his family lost the basic source of life, and he became helpless and could no longer stay in the academic hall to study; I 17 years old. When I reach the age of self-reliance, I should shoulder my own destiny and future. 17 years old, a special age with self-esteem and vulnerability. It was in this year that Zhuge Liang decided not to rely on others, but to live a new life of self-reliance with his own labor and skills. So he resolutely left Xiangyang City and went to Longzhong Village, 26 miles west of the city. Xiangyang is a transit point in his life and an indispensable prelude to his entry into Gulong. Only when good seeds enter Longzhong can they find suitable soil and get enough water. Longzhongshan is named after a mountain that suddenly rises. Zhuge Liang's secluded Longzhong Village is located at the southern foot of Longzhong Mountain. Surrounded by Gulong Mountains, it is quiet and quiet, east of Xiangyang City13km. At that time, Longzhong was under the jurisdiction of Deng County, Nanyang County, Jingzhou. Walk along the middle of Gansu and Shandong, less than four miles, that is, the south bank of Hanshui River, and take a boat to Beidu, that is, Dengxian County. From Longzhong to Xiangyang, Jingzhou Prefecture, it takes only half an hour for fast horses and one hour for donkeys. Even if it takes more than 20 miles to walk, it won't take long. Zhuge Liang chose to live in seclusion in Longzhong because of its geographical location.

He didn't want to be a real hermit, but waited for the weather. If you escape into famous mountains and rivers, into the depths of white clouds, and too far away from the hubbub, you will not be able to grasp human information and understand social changes; If you are too close, it will inevitably become vanity and vanity, and you will not be able to concentrate on hiding your ambitions and thinking calmly. The reason why he resolutely left Xiangyang, the death of his uncle Zhuge Xuan, was just an "excuse" and "excuse" he found in a sense, and there were deeper internal reasons than this appearance. With Zhuge Liang's wisdom and sensitive talent, he must be dissatisfied with the autocracy and imprisonment of Confucianism, and he felt the extravagant and flashy dirty wind in Xiangyang City. If he wants to stay in Xiangyang, Zhuge Liang can continue to live there. But he wanted to be sober, free and profound, so he chose Longzhong. Soon after arriving in Xiangyang, Zhuge Liang's sister was betrothed to Kuaiqi by her uncle. Kuaijia is one of the most powerful families in Xiangyang. You used to be a magistrate, and your home was between Xiangyang and Yicheng. Soon, the second sister married Pang Shanmin, the son of Pang Degong, the most famous celebrity at that time. Four brothers and sisters have been wandering in Xiangyang, and now only two brothers live alone. So Zhuge Liang and his younger brother Zhuge Jun walked into the scenic Longzhong Village. I didn't expect this residence to be ten years. Because of their simplicity, the two brothers built a thatched cottage to keep out the wind and rain. Fortunately, the hard life of these years has created the spirit of hard work and hard work of the two brothers. Instead of suffering from it, they are full of self-confidence, self-sufficiency and enjoyment after gaining independence.

After Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, he mainly did three things: plowing Long Mu during the day; Reading at night; Meet celebrities and make friends in your spare time. For Zhuge Liang, who has never been exposed to farm work, farming and harvesting is undoubtedly quite heavy. In Xiangyang, you can make a living by looking for any job. In order to temper himself and cultivate himself, he lived in seclusion in Longzhong, which was somewhat self-exile. "When God is going to be my great task, he must first suffer from his mind, his bones and muscles, his body and his body." Zhuge Liang often recites Mencius' famous saying, which I know by heart, to inspire and inspire myself. Yes, if you can't stand the hardships of farm work, what can you talk about aiming high and achieving great things?

When Zhuge Liang was studying in Xiangyang, he often "hugged his knees and screamed" and said to his three eager brothers, Meng and Meng, "You can be a senior minister and guard counties." The three men, in turn, asked him what he could do in the future, and Zhuge Liang smiled without a word. Why didn't he just answer? What's in that smile? Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Zhuge Liang recorded the answer for us: "Xuanzu, bright and diligent, take this as singing. He is eight feet long, and every time he compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, he is incomparable. Bolingcui and Yingchuan are generous, hearty and friendly, and they can be called loyal. " It turns out that Zhuge Liang's ambition and ambition are great. He is not interested in the general secretariat and the chief of police. If he wants to do it, he should be an assistant to save the country and the people like Guan Zhong and Le Yi. At that time, Xueyou asked, he didn't want to hurt their self-esteem, and only smiled implicitly to answer. Does Zhuge Liang really have the talent to clear the world? Ordinary people are skeptical, and only a few friends who know him well think it is true. It can be seen that Zhuge Liang not only has lofty ideals, but also has confidence in his intelligence to realize them.

Farming has tempered his will and strengthened his physique, enabling him to get close to the earth and nature, master the present situation of rural areas in China and understand the sufferings of the general public. This has a very important influence on the formation of his personality and style in the future, such as loving the people, opposing luxury, advocating frugality and being practical. Moreover, he also learned a lot of knowledge from simple and clever farmers that is difficult to learn in the classics. For example, the wooden ox and flowing horse made during the northern expedition to the Central Plains was probably an improvement of a means of transportation in rural areas at that time, at least because he was taught skills and inspired by a craftsman in Longzhong. In Longzhong, Zhuge Liang was very strict with himself, farming during the day and reading under the dim oil lamp at night. I work too hard during the day and study too hard at night. Just entering Longzhong, Zhuge Liang's seclusion is a bit harsh from self-abuse. In this regard, Zhuge Liang once wrote: "Learning to be excellent is an official; If you don't learn, you can't be versatile, and if you don't want to learn, you can't succeed. Lasciviousness can't be energetic, and danger can't be cured. " He also said: "Quiet to cultivate one's morality, frugal to cultivate one's morality." It is Zhuge Liang's correct learning attitude to be quiet, hard-working, down-to-earth and persistent. As far as his learning method is concerned, it is also unusual. Because he is brilliant, he often reads all the lines, "only looking at the main idea", does not engage in tedious textual research, and does not do small tricks to find chapters and sentences, but he can grasp history, people and knowledge as a whole.

During this period, Zhuge Liang's reading vision has gone beyond the narrow scope of Confucian classics, and he has read many books on politics, economy and military affairs extensively, and made a serious study of hundreds of theories such as Taoism, Mohism, Legalism and Military Affairs. He wrote in the article "On Philosophers": "Laozi is good at cultivating nature and cannot be dangerous; Shang Yang is good at reasoning and law, and cannot be educated. Su Yu and Zhang Yu are too arrogant to make an alliance oath. "After carefully analyzing the gains and losses of various schools, he learned from others and fully absorbed the excellent nutrients of hundreds of schools.

What Zhuge Liang practiced in Longzhong was the way of life advocated and practiced by Taoism. His feelings and experiences are closely related to Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. Therefore, once Taoism enters his field of vision, it is like a lost pedestrian who finds his way home smoothly. Zhuge Liang really has a good feeling of going home. He read Taoist classics, lived a Taoist life, and made friends with local famous Taoist hermits such as Pang Degong and Huang He.

In 200 AD, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong for three years, and the battle of Guandu broke out. Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao with fewer victories and basically unified the north. Therefore, Jing and Yi became the focus of attention, struggle and annexation of Cao Cao and Sun Quan. The drastic changes in the political and military situation, like a surging spring tide, violently washed away the land of Xiangyang. In this unique and important political environment, groups of talents have been forged and polished by history and gradually formed. In addition to Zhuge Liang, the most prominent representative, there are a number of outstanding figures such as Pang Tong, Xu Shu, Shi Tao, Pang Shanmin and Cui. They visit each other, communicate frequently, exchange information, brainstorm ideas, exchange political views, exchange ideas and experiences, learn from each other, hone each other's strengths and make up for each other's shortcomings.