Longzhong's Excellent Teaching Design (Two Articles)

Teaching objectives:

1, knowing the world situation at that time, Zhuge Liang put forward the political blueprint, strategy and tactics.

2. Understand Zhuge Liang's foresight and extremely keen strategic vision.

Teaching focus:

Knowing the world situation at that time, Zhuge Liang put forward the political blueprint, strategy and tactics.

Teaching process:

first kind

First, the introduction of new courses.

Before studying, let the students talk about their understanding of Zhuge Liang's words, couplets, poems and stories.

Second, reading the text for the first time

1, check the preview and read the following pronunciation accurately.

If you win by force, you will lose yin.

2. Students read the text together.

3. The old teacher reads the text.

4. Sort out the text structure.

The first part (1): Zhuge Liang compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi.

Part II (2): Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang.

In the third part (3, 4 and 5), Liu Bei went to see him, and Zhuge Liang expounded the countermeasures.

The fourth part (6) Liu Bei's esteem for Zhuge Liang

Third, students discuss and answer.

1. Ask the students to find out the names of all the characters in the text.

Liang, Guan Zhong, Cui, Zhi, the late master (Liu Bei), Dong Zhuo, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Sun Quan, Gao-zu, Liu Bang, Liu Biao, Liu Zhang, Zhang Lu, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.

2, so many people, what is the relationship between them, their identity and status? Please discuss this issue and remember to provide the original text.

Zhuge Liang: a hermit in Longzhong, a farmer. ("Liang Geng Long Mu")

Guan Zhong and Le Yi: famous generals in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, who helped the monarch become the overlord. Zhuge Liang compared himself with them. ("Every time I compare myself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi,,)

Cui Hezhi: Zhuge Liang's friend

Ancestor (Liu Bei): He is a descendant of the Imperial Palace. His father, Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan, was the son of Liu Qi, the emperor of Han Jing. On the grounds of recovering the Han dynasty, he stationed troops in a new field, visited the thatched cottage and invited Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain. Why? Please find the answer in the original text.

("I don't measure my strength, I want to believe that righteousness is above the world, but I don't have enough wisdom, so I use it." As for today, I still have no ambition "; )

Dong Zhuo: Killed Liu Bian, the young emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and monopolized the power, which led to chaos in the world. ("Since Dong Zhuo ... countless)

Cao Cao: At first, there was no reputation and the troops were weak. Now there are millions of troops holding the emperor hostage and ordering the princes. ("Cao Cao was stronger than Yuan Shao ... and became a leader with the help of the emperor")

Yuan Shao: At the end of the Han Dynasty, hundreds of thousands of troops fought against tens of thousands of people and were defeated (the battle between teachers and Guandu).

Sun Quan: Inherit the business of his father and brother, occupy Jiangdong and be the master of Jiangdong. ("Sun Quan, according to Jiangdong, has lived for three generations")

Gaozu: Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.

Liu Biao: Jingzhou Animal Husbandry

Liu Zhang: Yizhou herding, fatuous and cowardly. ("Liu Zhangwei")

Zhang Lu: Occupy Hanzhong, in the north of Yizhou, the country is rich and powerful, but I don't know how to cherish it. ("Zhang Lu is in the north, ... smart people think of smart people")

Guan Yu and Zhang Fei: The teacher added: Liu Bei's men. ("Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, etc. Unhappy ... feather, flying is the only way ")

Note: Knowing the relationship between the characters basically makes the text clear, and all this is the result of students' discussion and exploration according to the text, because it is not difficult to start with the characters.

Fourth, the identity and status of the characters are now very clear. Ask the students, who is particularly important to Liu Bei who invited Zhuge Liang out of the mountain? (Cao Cao and Sun Quan, Liu Biao, Liu Zhang, Zhang Lu)

This question aims to pave the way for drawing Zhuge Liang's plan in the next class. )

5. Homework: Read the text well, get familiar with the characters further, consult relevant history books by yourself and understand the background at that time. Find out the place names in the text and draw a topographic sketch, which can reflect the general orientation.

Second lesson

First, students read quickly.

Second, students analyze the situation according to the place names they are looking for in the text exchange.

Boling, Yingchuan, Xinye, Jiangdong, Jingzhou, Nanhai, Wugong, Bashu and Yizhou.

1, Boling and Yingchuan are the hometown of Xu Shu and Cui. Just to mention, the ancients often put hometown before people's names.

2. Xinye: the place where Liu Bei was stationed. Why did Liu Bei station troops here? How did he meet Zhuge Liang? Answer in the text and explain clearly. This question helps to understand the second and third paragraphs of the text.

3. Jiangdong: the place occupied by Sun Quan.

4. Jingzhou: near Hanshui and Lishui in the north; Wu Hui in the east and Shu Jun in Ba County in the west are places that everyone wants to compete for. (According to the Han Dynasty in the north, Mian ... this is a country that uses force)

5. Yizhou has dangerous terrain, fertile land and superior natural conditions.

Third, show the situation map of the three countries (although the situation of the three countries has not yet formed, it can help students have a general concept of orientation)

Fourthly, students are required to analyze the situation with reference to the map, be a good military commander and come up with a clever plan for Liu Bei who is in trouble.

Liu Biao, according to Jingzhou, is a country that uses troops and can't keep it.

Sun Quan, according to Jiangdong, has lived for three generations, and the country and people can help him.

Cao Cao is in the north, with abundant troops. He praised the emperor as a vassal and could not compete with him.

Zhang Lu is in the north of Yizhou, but Yin Min Guo Fu doesn't know the benefits of saving money.

According to Yizhou, Liu Zhang is weak enough to attack Jingyi.

Liu Beidi's room is full of faith and justice, and he is eager for wisdom.

Refer to the text, compare your plan with Zhuge Liang's plan and see how Zhuge Liang analyzes the world situation.

6. What strategy did Zhuge Liang put forward for Liu Bei? (according to the original)

Sun Quan: It is said that there is Jiangdong, which has been in danger for three generations. Hiring talents is not profitable.

Cao Cao: There are millions of people today, so that the princes can't compete with each other.

Liu Zhang: According to Yizhou, the situation is weak.

Liu Biao: According to Jingzhou, the country of martial arts cannot be defended.

Zhang Lu: In northern Yizhou, Guo Fu, Yin Min, doesn't know how to be merciful.

The third category

Read the text again first to appreciate the subtlety of the language.

Second, through a wonderful dialogue, we got to know Zhuge Liang. How do you evaluate him? Communicate with your classmates.

Third, finish the exercises after class.

Fourth, send the materials of Chapter 37 and Chapter 38 of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms for comparative reading. Write a short article after class to discuss the difference between Zhuge Liang written by historians and writers.

Fifth, combined with the article Liezi, guide students to consult materials and reinterpret the historical figure Zhuge Liang.

Preparation before class

Before class, check and understand Zhuge Liang's simple life story, the situation of the vassal regime in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the situation map of the Three Kingdoms, so as to have some basic perceptual contact with the background information of the text.

Creative explanation

Changing roles to stimulate students' interest in learning; Virtual dialogue to appreciate the feelings of the ancients.

Teaching objectives

1 delve into it, understand and master the characteristics and rigorous writing structure of this biography excerpt.

Feel Zhuge Liang's extraordinary political and military talents and outstanding vision.

Understand and grasp the mind and strategy of Zhuge Liang, a young politician who lives in seclusion but knows the world, and get the life enlightenment that young people can work hard.

teaching process

First, the introduction of lyrics to create an atmosphere

At the beginning of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there is a sentence "Linjiang Fairy": "The Yangtze River is rolling eastward, and the waves are scouring the heroes. Success or failure has turned empty, the green hills are still there, and the sunset is a few degrees red. ..... "Castle Peak is still the sunset, but the hero's life is gone, but he lives in the memory of future generations ... Zhuge Liang, the hero, successfully predicted the third point in the world, created the myth that Liu Bei founded the country with extremely weak reality, and became a classic of ancient and modern strategic decision-making that people talked about for thousands of years.

Second, read the text for the first time to clear the meaning.

1, reading the text (silent reading, synchronous reading, skipping reading, learning, free reading, roll call reading ... let students feel the language, understand the meaning and cultivate culture in the process of repeated reading).

2. Find out the words you don't understand and communicate with your deskmate first. If you can't solve it, communicate with the whole class later.

3. Communicate words and phrases you don't understand. (Form: students ask, students answer, and finally the teacher comments. )

4. The teacher puts forward the key words for the students to answer. (You can ask questions or show slides in class)

Third, reread the text, the overall perception

1. What is the "literary eye" of the text? Why?

2. Interest perception strategy. The teacher showed the military maps of the ancient Three Kingdoms, and asked the students to change their roles into Zhuge Liang, pointing out the mountains and rivers for Liu Bei (played by the students) and inspiring the writing.

Strategic response

1. "Everyone is better than Guan Zhong and Le Yi" is the outline of the full text, and the whole text revolves around this sentence. This kind of sentence is easy to find, but how to write around it may be difficult for students. At this time, the teacher should give timely guidance. Before Longzhong met Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang's friends Cui and Xu Shu were "loyal" and "fully prepared" for the article; In Longzhong, Zhuge Liang was thorough in analysis, strict in logic and fluent in language. It can be imagined that Zhuge Liang spoke in high spirits, and the unquestionable power of the countermeasures itself is enough to prove that Zhuge Liang is not deceiving himself than Guan Zhong and Le Yi. This paragraph also deducted the sentence "Where you compare yourself with Guan Zhong"; After Longzhong's confrontation, Guan and Zhang felt "unhappy" about Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang's "intimacy". Liu Bei explained to them: "There is Kong Ming in solitude, and there is water in fish." This contradiction is like the aftermath of * * *, which makes Zhuge Liang's image more dazzling. ?

2. When students explain the picture, they should inspire students to tell Zhuge Liang's high-spirited appearance, tell Zhuge Liang's hearty momentum, and pay attention to the hierarchy and logic of speech.

Practice in groups of four, and then send several representatives to the stage to say that students can comment on the pros and cons of the representatives in combination with the text. )

Fourth, read the text and try to figure out the highlights.

Students read the text carefully and put forward their own unique views on the structure, organization, language, details and strategic thinking of the article.

The following readings are for reference only:

A. Structure: gaining momentum-* * *-consequences

B. Organization: Longzhong's organization of China dialogue, the concrete steps and planning of "struggle" and "map" (recite according to this organization)

C. Details: Longzhong's positive details of the dialogue highlight Zhuge Liang's outstanding military and political talents; Sketch other people's comments, language and behavior to compare Zhuge Liang's image. .

D. language: (guide students to taste simple and rich characteristics)

1. "Working hard at Longmu is good for Song of Fu Liang. Eight feet long, each is better than Guan Zhong and Le Yi. "

In just 22 words, Zhuge Liang's life state, ideological outlook, physical outlook and life ambition are outlined.

2. Write Liu Bei's response after Zhuge Liang's countermeasures, using only one word "goodness".

Liu Bei's high opinion of Zhuge Liang and his mood at this moment are written out.

3. "Loneliness and Kongming, Fish and Water"

It vividly shows the inseparable intimate relationship between them.

E. ideas:

Zhuge Liang's countermeasures are most valuable in two aspects: seeking truth from facts and emphasizing human factors. How did Cao Cao's strength develop? Zhuge Liang believes that "it is not only the right time, but also the harmony between people", and his tone focuses on the correctness of "people seeking". Here, Zhuge Liang pointed out the role of human factors.

Based on Sun Quan's "three generations are in Jiangdong, and the national danger is attached to the people, and talents can do it", Zhuge Liang made a plan for Sun Quan to "help but not benefit". When making this plan, it is mainly based on human factors.

After analyzing the situation of Cao Cao and Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang pointed out: Liu Bei can only find a way out outside the sphere of influence of Cao Cao and Sun Quan-first of all, he must seize Jingzhou, a "land of military strategists" and "a thousand miles of fertile land in Yizhou". When Zhuge Liang made this plan, he fully considered human factors: Jingzhou Liu Biao "couldn't keep it"; Yizhou Liu Zhang is also "weak"; Zhang Lu in Hanzhong doesn't know how to caress the people, and people who are capable don't want to contribute to him, "think of a wise man". This provides objective conditions for seizing advantages and interests.

Among the "harmony of time, place and people", "harmony of people" is the most important, and only "harmony of people" can achieve hegemony. This thought shows Zhuge Liang's foresight as a politician.

V. Virtual dialogue, thinking for a thousand years

Zhuge Liang is interpreted by students who are proficient in the Three Kingdoms (or the whole class is divided into two groups). Students can extract interesting topics, virtual dialogues, ancient and modern collisions according to the text, and deeply understand the content of the text and the feelings of the ancients.

Teachers can provide the following topics:

1. In Longzhong Dui, you attach great importance to the power of "people". Why is there a situation that "there is no general in Shu and Liao Huachong is the pioneer" after your death?

2. "Since Cao Cao has millions of people, this sincerity cannot compete with others." Why not go to Cao Cao to unify China at an early date and end people's poverty?

3. You Yue said, "The world has changed, so a general led Jingzhou troops to Wan and Luo, and the general led Yizhou people out of Qinchuan."

The soldiers were divided into two ways, forming a pincer-like trend. Why didn't this happen?

Sixth, recite the text and accumulate language.

Recite according to Longzhong's thinking on countermeasures.