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Zhang Jian
( 1853— 1926)
Zhang Jian, the champion of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, was the chief of agriculture and commerce in the early years of the Republic of China. I was born in a farmhouse and studied hard to become a talent. Advocating industry to save the country, cotton-iron doctrine and rural doctrine are famous at home and abroad. Many achievements have been made in agriculture, forestry, fishery, animal husbandry, water conservancy and meteorological education, especially in reclamation, cotton planting, water conservancy construction and education development. 19 17 the China agricultural association was established and was honored as the honorary president. 1985, Zhang Jian International Symposium was held in Nanjing, and Zhang Jian Research Center was established.
Zhang Jian, 1853 (the third year of Qing Xianfeng) was born in Haimen (now Nantong), Tongzhou, Jiangsu Province on May 25th. His grandfather made a living by renting thin fields. By the time of his father, he had set up more than 20 acres of fields and set up a sugar factory. There are five Zhang Jian brothers, ranking fourth. When he was young, he was smart and eager to learn. He was enlightened at the age of 3 and entered school at the age of 4. 10 years old, the school teacher gave the order that "the sun is hanging in the sky", and he replied: "The moon sinks to the bottom of the water", which is my father's great joy and deliberate cultivation. However, as a farmer's child, he continued to follow his brothers to sweep dung or farm in the fields. 188 1 year Jinshi, 1885 juror, 1894 scholar (Guangxu Wu Jia), 4 1 year old. In the same year, when the Sino-Japanese War was defeated, he was indignant and impeached Li Hongzhang: "He lost the war and lost the peace." Then I thought of Japan, "the land area is less than 20 times that of me, and the population is less than me 10 times" (Volume 7 of Zhang Jiulu and Political News). Therefore, what can win me over is mainly to enrich the country and the people. In order to enrich the country and people, it is more important to develop industry than to build strong ships and guns.
1894, Zhang Jian won the first prize and changed his mind again. Although he didn't agree with the reform movement of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao at that time, he also advocated abolishing the imperial examination and promoting learning, so he joined the strong society the following year and wrote the Public Comment on Reform. He graduated from Yingzhou College in Chongming, Zheng Wen College in Jiangning (Nanjing) and Jinggu College in Anqing for many years. He has made remarkable achievements in academics with his experience and status. 190 1 year, formulated and promulgated the curriculum for primary schools, higher primary schools and middle schools for Liu Kunyi, governor of the two rivers. The following year, he founded the first normal school in Nantong, his hometown, and hired teachers such as Wang Guowei, who will become a master of China's history in the future. Another year, he went to Japan to visit Osaka Expo, and invited many teachers and technicians from Japan to run schools and factories.
At the same time, Zhang Jian's thought of saving the country by industry was also carried out simultaneously. 1899, the foundation of his life's career-Nantong Sheng Da cotton mill put into production to produce yarn; 190 1 year, the corresponding raw cotton production base-Tonghai Kenmu Company was officially put into production. Then he founded Nantong Museum, the earliest museum in China. Set up the National Agricultural Federation to deal with Jianghuai Water Conservancy Company and Jiangsu and Zhejiang Fishery Company.
Zhang Jian did several important things in his life: worrying about the country and the people, promoting agriculture and persuading agriculture, building water conservancy projects, planting cotton in wasteland, reforming agricultural policies by the General Administration of Agriculture and Commerce, setting up schools to popularize science, and advocating scientific organization of agricultural (learning) associations.
As a historical figure, Zhang Jian's Biography of 100 Famous People in China, published by Zhonghua Book Company 1937, started from the Yellow Emperor and ended with Zhang Jian. In the history of modern agriculture in China, he should be the first person to explore and enlighten. 1929, Hu Shi said in the preface of the biography of Mr. Zhang Jizhi in Nantong edited by Zhang Xiaoruo as his father: "Mr. Zhang Jizhi is a great failed hero in the modern history of China ... He has independently opened up countless new roads, been a pioneer for 30 years, supported millions of people, benefited one party and influenced the whole country. Finally, because he opened up too many roads and undertook too great a career, he had to die with many unfinished volunteers. "
Biographical notes
1853 was born in Changle town, Haimen, Nantong, Jiangsu.
From 65438 to 0973, I started to write a diary after reading Tong Jian and The History of the Three Kingdoms.
1876 enters the curtain of Wu Changqing.
1879, won the first place in the examinations of the Governor, the Governor and the Third Academy of Learning and Politics.
See you in Wu Changqing.
1882, he went to Korea with Wu Changqing Du Shi to plan the former enemy's military.
1886 returned to the south to promote rural sericulture.
1889 wrote the cotton spectrum.
1894, a scholar in the Cisco exam was awarded to the academician courtyard for editing.
1895, listed as a strong Shanghai institute, walked out of the Yangtze River Wen Ning Foreign Affairs College.
1898 set up Sheng Da cotton mill in Nantong.
1900 Established Tonghai Reclamation Company.
Tongzhou Normal School was founded in 190 1.
1903 Visit Osaka World Expo in Japan.
1904 served as the first-class consultant of the Ministry of Commerce, planning and constructing the second factory in Sheng Da.
1905 President of Jiangsu Education Society, founded Nantong Museum.
1907 participated in the establishment of China public school.
19 10, proposed by the All-China Federation of Agriculture.
19 12 went to Beijing as the chief of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and the director of the State Water Resources Bureau.
19 14 led an industrial delegation to visit the United States and attend the San Francisco Expo.
19 15 resigned as chief of agriculture and industry and director of water resources bureau.
19 17 China agricultural association was established and promoted to honorary president, presiding over Nantong agricultural exhibition. Set up sericulture workshop.
19 19 is the canal supervisor.
192 1 year to check the old stored words, which is designated as Zhang Jiulu.
1922 presided over the Nantong middle school sports meeting and was promoted to the president of the National Cotton Mill Federation.
1926 inspected the collapse protection project in Nantong, 17 died in July.
Main thesis
They are all compiled into Nine Records and Zhang Jian's Diary, which were finalized by Zhang Qian. There are editions in Shanghai and Taiwan Province Province. Besides the printed edition, Nantong Library also has manuscripts.
Author: Shu Hua
Original text: Biography of China Science and Technology Experts, Agronomy Compilation and Agricultural Comprehensive Volume.
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