58 1 year, Kong was 8 years old, and the Sui Dynasty was founded by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. In the early years of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, he attached great importance to Confucianism, and he admired Confucianism. Since arriving in Beijing, he has spread in all directions, developing schools and recruiting students. "Qi and Wei, especially scholars, have pursued their teachers for thousands of miles, and the sound of chanting is endless." It is called by history books: "Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Zhongzhou has flourished in elegance, but for a moment!" Kong also embarked on the track of formal learning at this time. Because of his excellent understanding, he "recites thousands of words every day and remembers Li San Zong Yi". When he was older, he was especially good at understanding Zuo Zhuan, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Shi Mao and Zhouyi, and he was also good at calculating calendars.

Liu Zhuo, a native of Kongtong County, is quite famous in China. Kong was polite at first when he visited, but once Kong asked him about the scriptures and expressed his opinions. Seeing that his answer was difficult to ask, it was unexpected and surprising, and he changed his face and respected him very much. Kong resolutely resigned and insisted on staying in Kong, but Kong declined. After returning to China, Kong took education and knowledge as his responsibility.

In the early years of Daye, Kong was invited to be awarded a doctorate degree in Hanoi county science as a countermeasure. Later, Yang Di recruited talents, taking Luoyang as the center, and let the ministers compete with the scholars in the world, and the servants in the province ranked first, which was important. Because Kong was still young at that time, and the "ancestors of Confucianism" were ashamed of him, they secretly sent assassins to harm Kong. Thanks to Yang Xuangan's hiding Kong in the mansion, Kong was spared. Since then, Kong has filled this vacancy and became a teaching assistant in imperial academy. Because of the war at the end of Sui Dynasty, he took refuge in Wu Prison. When Emperor Taizong pacified the king, he introduced Kong as a bachelor of literature.

In 626, the official position was moved to Wude for nine years, and Kong was awarded a doctorate. In the early years of Zhenguan, Kong was made public in Qufu County and transferred. At that time, Emperor Taizong had just acceded to the throne and paid attention to all kinds of government affairs. Ying Da made many suggestions, so he was well treated. Emperor Taizong once asked Confucius: "The Analects of Confucius said:' Ask if you can, ask if you can't, ask if you have something, and ask if you can't. It's Xu Ruo." What do you mean? Kong replied, "saints teach people to be modest." Although you are capable and not arrogant, you still can't ask for ability. Although I have many talents, I still think I have few, but I still want to get more benefits from a few people. Although you do, it seems that there is nothing. Although this is true, it can accommodate Xu Ruo. So is the virtue of emperors. The husband's emperor has God inside and Xuan Mo outside, which makes him unfathomable and unknowable. "Yi" says: "Enlightenment is right, and it is for all". If you are in the highest position, show off your cleverness, bully others with your talents, and don't refuse to remonstrate, you will leave each other, and the monarch and the minister will be kind. It has been extinct since ancient times. " Emperor Taizong was very appreciative of Kong's answer.

In the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), he was dismissed from his old post and served as the secretariat of the state. More than a year later, he was promoted to the right illegitimate son of the prince and still served as the county chief. I talked with many Confucian officials about the calendar and Tang Ming, and they all agreed with Kong. Together with Wei Zhi, it was written into History of Sui Dynasty and was added as a formal waiter.

In the 11th year of Zhenguan (637), the Five Rites were revised with the Chaoxian Constitution, and all doubts were settled through consultation. When this book is finished, you will be promoted to the title of son and get 300 paragraphs. Shu Ren Cheng Gan asked Kong to write the Book of Filial Piety and Yi Shu, and Kong Yinwen made a wide range of provisions, which scholars called irony. Because of repeated admonitions, Taizong gave Kong Ji's son Yu Zhining a catty of gold and a hundred silks.

In the 12th year of Zhenguan (638), he worshipped imperial academy and offered wine, and still held court in the Eastern Palace.

In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), Emperor Taizong visited Sinology, held a ceremony of offering sacrifices to the sage Confucius, and ordered Confucius to explain the Book of Filial Piety. After the explanation, Kong offered a sacrifice, and Emperor Taizong wrote another letter praising Kong. Later, Li Chenggan disobeyed the statutes, and Kong always remonstrated with Yan Jin. Nurse Sui 'an said to Kong, "The prince has grown up. How can you make him lose face? " Kong Ying Da replied: "Great kindness and great virtue, the country of Mongolia, never hate death." The exhortation is deeper and impossible to accept.

Previously, Kong You, Yan Shigu, Sima, Wang Gong, Wang Yan and so on. Five Classics, with a total volume of 180, is called Justice of the Five Classics. Emperor Taizong wrote a letter, saying, "Your knowledge of ancient and modern times should be integrated, and Confucianism will be different and immortal before the exam." Hand it over to imperial academy and give Ying Da three hundred paragraphs. At that time, Dr. Ma Jiayun of imperial academy criticized The Theory of Justice, and Emperor Taizong ordered Kong to correct it. Kong Ying Da died before he finished his metamorphosis.

In 643, he retired because of old age.

In the eighteenth year of Zhenguan (644), the picture was in Lingyange, and the eulogy was: "Daoguang Liedi, the wind spread in Queli." The essence of righteousness blooms and words soar. "

In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan (648), he died and was buried with Zhaoling. He was given Tai Changqing, with the title of Xian, and was 75 years old.

Five Classics Justice See the entry: Five Classics Justice

Kong's greatest achievement in Confucian classics is that he was entrusted to compile the ancient treasure house of Justice in the Five Classics, entitled Justice. One is that the Tang Dynasty unified the complicated Confucian classics of the previous generation for feudal unity, and compiled a set of unified Confucian classics annotations as a standard for scholars to learn from, based on the imperial examination; In the sense of Confucian classics, the so-called "righteousness" is to dredge and explain according to annotations.

Select qualified personnel.

Zheng Xuan, the master of Shi Mao and the Book of Rites, also wrote a simple and meticulous note on Harmony, which is one of the better works. The main note of Zhouyi is Wang Bi, which is mixed with the imaginary Hyunri of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, so the prose is also imaginary; The biography of Kong Anguo, the master of Shangshu (some scholars call it the biography of pseudo-Confucius), thinks that "his words are rich and prepared, and his meaning is broad and elegant".

Spring and Autumn Annals became attached to Zuo Zhuan because Zuo's family was rich in literary beauty. Confucius' textual research on Han and Jin dynasties mostly takes Gonggu as an example, which is not pure. Du Yu in the Western Jin Dynasty only focused on "explaining Confucius Classics with Qiu Ming", respecting Confucian Classics and attaching importance to books, and "children should follow their mothers and paint with glue" (Preface to Justice of Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period). More importantly, Du Fu's summary of Zuo Zhuan contains "50 typical cases", which supplements Zuo's lack of righteousness in the three biographies, and is not the same as other biographies that only emphasize textual research and exegesis. He has the highest opinion and the best style, so he takes the Du family alone.

Based on the pre-Qin Confucianism, Confucius often pointed out Chen's shortcomings and commented on his gains and losses. To delete the pen, "we must carefully examine its meaning from the documentary evidence, cut its complexity and gather its secrets." Thus, the problem of miscellaneous and impure official books is avoided, and the quality of justice in the Five Classics is guaranteed.

Compilation method

First, the interpretation of classics; The second and the note, and the sign of the word "sparse" in capital.

Participants:

Yan Shigu, Sima Zhang Cai, Wang Gong, Wang Yan, Yu Zhining, Ma Jiayun, Zhao Ganye, Su Derong, Zhao Hongzhi, etc.

Wang Deshao, Zhao Ganye, Yao, Zhao Hongzhi, etc.

Wang Deshao, Li Ziyun, Zhu, Su Derong, Sui, Zhao Hongzhi, etc.

Zhu Zishe, Li, Jia, Liu, Fan, Zhou Xuanda, Zhao Junzan, Zhao Hongzhi, etc.

Gu, Yang Shixun, Zhu, Ma Jiayun, Wang Deshao, Su Derong, Sui, Zhao Hongzhi and so on.

Grandfather's relative: Kong, later Dr. Wei.

Grandfather: Kong Shuo, later Wei Nan Tai Cheng.

Father: Kong An, Qi Qingzhou Fa Cao joined the army.

Sons: Kong Zhiyuan (one is Kong Zhixuan and the other is Kong Zhi), Kong Zhiyue and Kong Zhiliang.

Grandson: Kong Huiyuan

Historical Records records the ancient records and postscript collected by Ouyang Xiu.

Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Volume 73, Biography 23

The Book of the New Tang Dynasty 198 Biography 123

Qian Daxin's "Inscription and Postscript of Thousand Words Hall Inscription", etc.

Zhao Ganshi's Ink Prints China

The tomb of Confucius, the tomb of Confucius commemorated by later generations, is located 300 meters west of Qianmazhuang Village, Taocheng District, Hengshui City. The existing cemetery is 1.5 meters high, and there is a tombstone erected in nine years of the Republic of China, engraved with "Mr. Tang Jikong, Tai Changqing". 1983 was designated as a key cultural relics protection unit in Hebei province on July 23rd.

In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan, Kong died of illness, and his body was buried with Zhaoling (in Jiuyi Mountain, Xia Yan Town, Liquan County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), which was called "the tomb of clothes".

Confucius Monument Confucius Monument, also known as "Confucius Drinking Monument", was written by Yu Zhining without name. It was founded in 2848 1 year in the 22nd year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty, and its inscription is Yang Wen's seal script "Qufu Gong Xian Gong Gong Yi Wei" with 16 characters. It's an official book, 35 lines, 76 lines.

Judging from the writing method of this tablet, it is very similar to Yu Shinan's Confucius Temple Tablet, and it is suspected that it was written by Yu Shinan. Later, some people studied Kong's death and thought that Yu Shinan died ten years ago, so it was not written. Calvin wrote the postscript: "After Chongyuan (Confucius) died (Yu Shinan), the Yu Shu of this monument is not very clear, but its composition can be touched, simple and beautiful, vigorous and vigorous, very similar to a temple, too deep and far-reaching."

This monument has been eroded in the early Qing dynasty, and there are not many words left. The best rubbings are Calvin's Song Tuo, which is now in the Palace Museum. The rubbings of this book are excellent. The word "silver" under "Right tortoise" in the first line is intact, and there are still more than 1,700 words visible.

In addition, Wu's books in Shanghai Museum and Zhao Shengbo's old collection are Yuan and Ming rubbings. Before liberation, there were photocopies of China Guoguang Society and You Zheng Bookstore. In recent years, there have also been simulated printed copies photocopied by Japan Second Selection Agency. After liberation, this monument has never been published. In 2000, Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Publishing House selected Calvin's old rubbings of the Song Dynasty for photocopying and publishing.