1940 1 June19, Chiang Kai-shek instructed He and Bai Chongxi to call Zhu De and Peng of the Eighth Route Army and Ye Ting and Xiang Ying of the New Fourth Army in the name of the Chief of Staff of the Military Commission of the Kuomintang government, forcing them to go north within1month. 165438+1October 9, Zhu De, Peng, Ye Ting and Xiang Ying wired He and Bai Chongxi to refute the unreasonable demands of the Kuomintang, but for the sake of the overall situation, they still promised to send the troops of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui to the north of the Yangtze River. Chiang Kai-shek ignored this and ordered Gu and Shangguan Yunxiang in the third war zone to "solve" the New Fourth Army in Jiangnan immediately as planned.

194 1 year 65438+1October 4th, more than 9,000 people directly under the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui began to move northward under the leadership of Ye Ting and Xiang Ying. 654381October 6, when the troops arrived in Maolin area of Jingxian County in southern Anhui, they were suddenly attacked by about 80,000 men from 7 divisions of the Kuomintang. The New Fourth Army fought bravely and fought fiercely for 7 days and nights. Eventually, due to the disparity in quantity, it ran out of ammunition and food. In addition to Fu leading more than 2,000 people to break through, a few were captured and most of them died heroically. The commander Ye Ting was captured; Deputy commander Xiang Ying and chief of staff Zhou Zikun were killed after the breakthrough; Yuan, director of the political department, passed away. This is the Southern Anhui Incident that shocked China and foreign countries, and it is the peak of the second anti-communist climax of the Kuomintang.