The author introduces Chingiz Aytmatov (1928 ——), a Kyrgyz writer in the Soviet Union, who writes in Kyrgyz and Russian. The beautiful myths, legends and stories told by my grandmother as a child have nurtured future writers. Getting along with Russian neighbors since childhood and studying in Russian schools made Aitmatov master Russian skillfully. My father worked in Jamble in his early years, and later became the first generation CPSU of party member and Owen, and held senior leadership positions. 1937 father was brutally suppressed. According to the ancient tradition, my hometown, Schaekel village, has taken in widows and orphans who have been unfairly treated and given them all kinds of care. When the Great Patriotic War broke out, Aitmatov was forced to drop out of school. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, he took on the burden of the village Soviet secretary. After working for many years, I continued to study. 1953 graduated from Agricultural College of Jida University. 1952 began to publish works. He has written many short stories, novellas and features, such as Achim (1953) and face to face (1957). 1958, he published a novella "Chamilia", describing the life on the Kyrgyz grassland. This beautiful love hymn made him famous at home and abroad. Together with novellas such as My Little Poplar with a Red Scarf (196 1), Camel's Eyes (1962) and The First Teacher (1962), it forms a novel praising love. Since then, he has published Mother Earth (1963) and Farewell to Ancient Risal! 》 ( 1966)。 After the novella White Boat was published in 1970, its writing skills were greatly updated. The short story Flower Dog Cliff (1977), the novel Growing Older by the Day (1980), the guillotine (1986) and so on. Using the method of blending myth, legend, science fiction and reality, the author deepens his philosophical thinking on human destiny, and at the same time puts forward sharp practical problems, causing. His works have been translated into more than 90 literary works. Aitmatov's creation has won readers with its rich flavor of life, romanticism and serious philosophical thinking, and his distinctive national style and strong expressive color make him unique in the world literary world.
The author of White Boat calls it fairy tale imitation. The hero is a 7-year-old boy with no name. He has two stories, one is his own and the other is told by his grandfather. The boy's parents divorced, his mother worked as a worker in the city, and he had a new home and children. His father worked on a boat on Lake Essekerkul, and he also had a new home and children. The boy misses his father very much, and often fantasizes that he can become a mermaid, swim to Lake Kul in Essex, and climb aboard his father's white boat to meet him. He and his grandfather live in a forest protection station by the lake, and the ranger Alastair Gul is his uncle. This is an overbearing local tyrant. He tortured and beat his wife because she couldn't have children, and therefore ruthlessly exploited and abused her father-in-law, Mo Meng. The boy has no companion. His friends are a military telescope ytterbium (grandpa's prize) and a schoolbag just bought from a mobile store. But how much he and grandpa have suffered for these two treasures! When the boy looks at the beautiful scenery around him from the telescope at the top of Karaur Mountain and fantasizes about meeting his father's happiness, he often forgets the cow he should take care of, while the cow is freely chewing the clothes that his grandmother is drying in the yard. Grandma is not a relative and will be scolded. The biggest misfortune is that after buying a new schoolbag, the boy was sent to the school on the other side of the mountain 5 kilometers away. In order to send his grandson on time, the old man Momong was constantly reprimanded by Alasgul. In autumn, the local tyrant will pay off the debts he owed when he was eating, drinking and having fun outside. He will illegally cut down a century-old tree. One day, Momong risked his life to help him transport the wood down from the mountain, and he was exhausted. When he reached a stream, it was already late. Momong was heartbroken by his grandson, so he threw down the log and rode to pick up the boy. When they got home, they caught up with Alastair Gul and beat up his wife. When he saw Momon, he shouted, "You are not needed here now. I fired you from the forest protection office. Go away and go wherever you want! " The boy was so angry that he ran away desperately, crying sadly beside his beloved stones-"tank", "wolf", "saddle" and "lying camel". When he calmed down, he looked up and suddenly saw three deer standing by the water on the other side. The first is a stag, a young deer with a strong chest and no horns in the middle, and the second is a white doe with slender multi-branch horns on her head and a developed waist. It's beautiful, just like the deer with horns that Grandpa said. Did grandpa's story really come true? The story goes like this: In ancient times, on the wide and cold banks of the Ainaze River, there lived a Kyrgyz nation. When they were holding a funeral for their old leader, a large group of enemy troops unexpectedly besieged the Kyrgyz who were in great grief in the camp and unexpectedly killed the unarmed Kyrgyz one by one, so that no one would remember this atrocity. After a disaster, two naughty children came back from the forest and found that the whole nation had been wiped out, the tent was burning, they lost all their relatives and their lives were at stake. A pair of twins of mother longhorn deer were killed. She decided to adopt two children-a boy and a girl. She rescued them from the enemy and took them to Kul in Essex. Mother longhorn deer has always protected them. How many years passed, and the two children grew up, got married and had children. Mother deer gave their first child a birch cradle with a silver bell. This is the ancestor of the Bugu people. The Bugu people have always respected the mother deer and used antlers as the symbol of the Bugu people. Later, a very, very rich cuckoo died. His heirs want to make the funeral banquet as luxurious as possible and let their fame spread all over the world. They want to put a pair of antlers on their father's grave. So he sent a hunter to kill the deer, cut off its horn and put it on the grave. Since then, the long-horned deer have been miserable, and even there have been cuckoo people who specialize in hunting antlers for a living. Grandpa has told this story many times, and the boy himself will tell it. When Gai Yi's menstruation was beaten and insulted, she prayed for a birch cradle for her long-horned deer. He and grandpa have been expecting mother deer to appear in their forest. Now that the miracle has come, greater misfortune has followed. Grandpa was threatened with dismissal in order to pick him up. Grandma forced him to beg Alastair for mercy and continue to transport logs. Three beautiful deer were hit by a greedy man like Alastair Gul. They killed the mother deer and held a "venison feast". In the evening, the boy found that all family members were frantically busy with the venison feast: Grandpa, who was never drunk, lit a fire, his menstruation was beaten black and blue, and he was jubilant in colorful clothes. Alastair cruelly split the deer's head and pulled off the antlers with an axe. The boy lay alone among this group of lunatics, listening to them eating, drinking and talking drunk. He was in pain and nausea, and in despair he thought of various ways of revenge. There is only one person left in this world who can be trusted, that is, the demobilized soldiers in sailor suits and the brave driver Kulubeck. One snowstorm night, he took a team of drivers to his grandfather's house for the night. He told the boy a lot of truth. In his imagination, the boy saw Kulubeck driving a truck at full speed, when he was called. Holding a submachine gun at Alastair's temple. Alastair Gul threw himself on the ground trembling and begged for mercy. Without the trace of his usual overbearing strength, he became a poor and insignificant coward! The boy suggested that it was not worth killing him and told him to leave the forest protection station forever. Kurubeck agreed and said the last sentence to him: "You will never have children. You are a vicious and worthless person! " Alastair Gul ran away and never looked back. Kulubeck said to others in shame, "How can you live with such a person?" You are shameless! " However, a burst of real laughter pulled the boy back from his fair trial. He heard the ranger Xie Dahmat proudly boasting about how he threatened the old man Momon and forced him to kill the deer mother himself. The boy can't stand it any longer. He got up from the bed and walked out of the house. He cried and said repeatedly, "I'd better become a fish …" In this way, he walked to the river and stepped into the water. He was washed down when he reached the place where the water was deep and flowing fast. He struggled downstream in the torrent, gradually holding his breath and freezing. The drunken man's singing and crying came from the yard. "You can't hear this song. You swam away, my little brother, and entered your own fairy tale. "
Appreciating the White Boat is a turning point in Aitmatov's creation. In terms of content, the writer transited from realistic description to moral exploration and philosophical thinking; Stylistically, it marks the writer's transition from short stories to novels. From the perspective of creative techniques, it marks a writer's self-transcendence: the narrative style is flexible, the internal and external viewpoints intersect, and the narrative and lyric are integrated, especially on the basis of reality, a large number of hypothetical factors are inserted: legends, fantasies and fairy tales, which are completely organic in children's spiritual world. The novel puts forward an ancient and eternal theme: the struggle between good and evil. However, from a brand-new perspective, he observed the evil in the "adult" world represented by Alastair Gul from the eyes of a boy who had just turned seven and had not changed his childlike innocence. The standard of defining good and evil is how to treat nature, the mother of human beings. The Legend of the Long-horned Deer Mother is just to deepen the philosophical connotation of the work. The boy regards mother deer as a sacred object, loves her sincerely, and would rather die than compromise with evil forces. Momong believed that the deer mother was the ancestor of Kyrgyz, but she succumbed to evil forces, shot the deer mother herself and ate venison. Since then, she has lost her faith in being a man. As a ranger, Ahlas Gul cuts down trees, destroys resources and extinguishes creatures. When human beings betray and become enemies of nature, they themselves will inevitably be punished by nature and condemned by their conscience. The structure and layout of this novel are very ingenious. Let's start with the most common thing: Momo bought a schoolbag for his grandson. Through the children running around telling each other and showing off his new gift to the adults childishly, the characters in the three yards appeared one by one. Then the child took a new schoolbag and looked at the surrounding scenery with a telescope. The appearance of a white boat on Lake Essekerkul triggered a fairy tale in his mind-he swam aboard to meet his father when he became a mermaid. Buying books for school also led to the conflict between Momong and Aharasgul, and further introduced the relationship between the three families. Similarly, a seven-year-old child can think about good and evil simply and profoundly: "Why do people live like this? Why are some people fierce and others kind? Why are some people happy and others unhappy? Why are some people afraid of everyone, and some people are not afraid of anyone? Why do some people have children and some people don't? Why can some people not pay others? Probably, the best person is the one who gets the most salary! Grandpa's salary is small, and everyone bullies him. " The writer loves his little hero deeply. The tragic ending of the child sublimated the writer's feelings. He walked from behind the scenes to the stage and said directly to the little hero, "I can only say one thing now-you denied what your child could not reconcile." This is my comfort. Your short life, like lightning, lights up and goes out. But lightning can light up the sky. The sky is eternal. This is also my comfort. My comfort is that people are childlike, just like seeds have embryos-without embryos, seeds can't grow. No matter what is waiting for us in the world, as long as someone is born and someone dies, the truth will always exist ... "After the publication of The White Ship, it was criticized by critics, saying that Aitmatov was pessimistic and the ending of the work was too tragic, leaving no hope for people. Even the screenwriter had to explain the theme and creative method of White Boat in several notes. It was not until the novel was adapted into a film and the image of Kurubek was strengthened that it was officially recognized and won the grand prize of the 9th Soviet Film Festival 1976. The co-written screenplay of the same name won the 1977 Soviet National Award.