After the death of Gendun Zhuba, the youngest disciple of Zong Kaba, the founder of Gelug Sect, in order to prevent internal division, the reincarnation method of Kagyu Sect was adopted. A boy born in Dana, Tibet, was designated by his relatives and some eminent monks as the reincarnation of Gendun Zhuba, that is, the second Dalai Lama Gendun Gyatso. Thus formed the reincarnation system of the Dalai Lama's living Buddha. The honorific title of the Dalai Lama was first used in the period of Sonam Jiacuo, the third Dalai Lama. 1578 Ming dynasty didn't fry Goujian Tuoba, but did it have any effect on sulfur type? Erase? Cover? Since then, the Gelug Sect has approved Gendun Juba and Gendun Gyatso as the first and second Dalai Lama respectively. 1653, the emperor shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty conferred the title of the Fifth Dalai Lama as "the Dalai Lama enlightened by the western giant Buddha in the world", and confirmed the title and identity of the Dalai Lama in the form of conferring the title by the Central Committee. Since then, the Dalai Lama must be canonized by the central government to be confirmed and become a historical customization.
Another famous disciple of Zong Kaba, the Panchen Lama Kezhujie Gelebasang, was six years older than Gendun Juba. He was an apprentice for eight years and made outstanding contributions to the establishment of the Gelug Sect. Therefore, together with Jia Caojie, another famous disciple of Zong Kaba and Zong Kaba, he was collectively called "Three Mentors and Disciples" by Tibetan religious circles. 1645, Khan of Gushi (the local leader of the Qing Dynasty in Tibet) gave Lausanne II Panchen Bokedo the title. This is the official beginning of the name of the Panchen Lama. Its first three Panchen Lama were ratified. After the death of the fourth Panchen Lama, a child who was later in Tibet was identified as his reincarnation. In this way, the Gelug Sect established the Panchen Living Buddha system. 17 13, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty officially conferred the fifth Panchen Lama as "Panchen Erdene", and presented him with a gold album and a gold seal. Since then, the Panchen Erdene has been confirmed by the central government, and it has also become customized. The reincarnation system of the Panchen Erdene Living Buddha has achieved the same religious status as that of the Dalai Lama.
After the reincarnation system of living Buddha was formed, after a series of historical evolution, the system of "drawing lots from golden jars" to identify the reincarnation of living Buddha was finally formed. Historically, there are many disadvantages in recognizing the reincarnation of living buddhas. The reincarnation of the living Buddha is often designated by the practice of "blowing loyalty" (that is, protecting the Lama), so the wind of bribing and blowing loyalty prevails, pretending to rely on the word of God and arbitrarily pointing fingers. Most of the reincarnated children come from the families of princes and nobles or their own families, and some upper-class nobles or lamas take the opportunity to manipulate religious power. What's more, the Red Hat Buddha of the Kagyu Sect, the tenth living Buddha, used the excuse of dividing the property of Tashilhunpo Temple, and after failing, lured Gurkha to hide after the invasion, endangering the security of the country and people. Faced with these shortcomings in the final determination of the reincarnation of the living Buddha, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty accepted the request of local monks and customs in Tibet to "legislate for a long time". After sending officers and men to repel the Gurkha invasion, he ordered Tibetan officials to discuss the aftermath regulations. 1793, Emperor Qianlong officially promulgated Article 29 of the Regulations on Rehabilitation of Tibet, and established the lottery system for gold altar owners. Article 1 of the articles of association clearly stipulates: "The Great Emperor gave a golden urn for the prosperity of the Yellow Sect. When he was looking for Tong Ling in the future, he invited four dharma protectors to write down Tong Ling's name and date of birth in Manchu-Chinese Tibetan, put it in a vase, and sent a truly learned living Buddha to pray for seven days. Then, Hutuktu and the minister in Tibet formally decided in front of the statue of Sakyamuni in Jokhang Temple. So far, the system of "drawing lots from golden urn" has been established in the form of national laws. See Resources for more details.
References:
http://www . China constant . org . NZ/CHN/ztxw/zgxz/bcz sjs/t 42640 . htm
How to identify reincarnated soul children
The reincarnation of a living Buddha is usually one year later, but it can be postponed for some reason. There are many ways to find and identify the reincarnated soul boy, which can be summarized as non-lottery and golden urn lottery.
(1) Non-lottery method
1. Search by will and prophecy. That is, according to the living records, implied wills or prophetic clues of living buddhas, search and identify them.
2. look for it according to the sign. That is, according to the posture of the living Buddha when he died, the whereabouts of the smoke when he was cremated, and the dream of the big Lama, he searched and identified.
The protector sent the Oracle. The protector ("Cui Zhong") sent gods to indicate the direction and place of reincarnation of the living Buddha, and according to this instruction, he searched for and confirmed the reincarnated soul child.
4. Look for the illusion of seeing the lake. According to the illusion of Lake Cuosheng in Lamona, Tibet, the place and phase of Tong Ling's birth were determined.
5. Secret search. We sent venerable monks, Kampo, butlers of living buddhas, and disciples to visit and inspect secretly in various places, and then identified them as spiritual children.
6. Identify Tong Ling by identifying the relics of the living Buddha. That is, in the process of identification, let the children identify the relics of the living Buddha and the people who lived together. Children can grab things from the living Buddha among many objects, or identify people who have acted with the living Buddha among many people. Tibetan Buddhism is called Sutong.
(2) Golden urn lottery method
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, in order to avoid the malpractice of personal appraisal, the reincarnated Hutuktu was extracted by the "Golden Bottle" (Bemba). The right to identify the reincarnation of the living Buddha is in the hands of the central government, which directly examines and approves the granting of the title. To this end, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty made two gold vases, one for the Lama Temple in Beijing and the other for the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa. The Hutuktu Living Buddha, canonized by the Qing Dynasty, is kept in the School of Management. After Hutuktu's death, it is necessary to look for "well-informed people" according to religious procedures, and the reincarnation of Hutuktu in Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Tibet was decided by drawing lots at Jokhang Temple. The reincarnation of Hutuktu stationed in Beijing and Mongolia was decided by drawing lots at the Lama Temple in Beijing. There are more than two "well-informed" people in the primary election, sometimes only one. First of all, the family background, name, date of birth, nationality and place of origin must be reported to Lhasa or Beijing for examination and approval, with the participation of the Minister of Tibet Affairs, the Special Representative of the Central Committee, the Regent and Major Hutuktu who should draw lots in Lhasa; Those who should draw lots in Beijing shall be presided over by Hutuktu, Beijing Zasak Lama and Lifan Hospital officials. At present, it is presided over by the government of Xizang Autonomous Region and the heads of the State Bureau of Religious Affairs. The lucky draw is to write the name, date of birth and native place of the candidate "Tong Ling" on an elephant toothpick in Chinese, Manchu and Tibetan. Tong Ling's family knelt to see if there was any difference in the name and age of the brand, and then the owners inspected it one by one, wrapped it in yellow paper face to face, put it in a golden jar, shook it and covered it, and then the monks chanted prayers in public. If there is only one "soul boy" in the lottery, you must put an empty number in it. If you draw an empty number, you need to find another "soul boy" and draw lots again until you successfully find the reincarnated soul boy.
After the formation of the "golden urn lot-drawing" system, the right to draw lots has always been in the hands of central officials. After the reincarnation of the living buddhas identified by lottery, especially the living buddhas such as Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama, it has become a custom to hold the ceremony of shaving and sitting on the bed with the approval of the central government and inherit all the rights of the living buddhas in their previous lives. The same system was implemented during the Republic of China. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this system was still used. For example, the reincarnation of the Fifth Jiayang and the Tenth Panchen Lama were determined after strict search, golden urn drawing and the State Council's approval.
After the death of living buddhas without titles in various places, search for "spiritual children" according to religious procedures. At the time of identification, some were decided by lottery, some were decided through consultation between the living Buddha and tribal leaders, and some were actually decided by simple lottery methods such as "food group asking for divination". With the approval of the government, they can take over the power of living buddhas in previous lives.