Since Qin Shihuang unified China, the feudal dynasties of past dynasties have taken the construction of the Great Wall, the setting of passes and the prevention of dangerous situations as important measures to secure the border against the enemy. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Northern Song Dynasty, the contradiction between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Tangut gradually intensified. Xixia's defense against the Tangut expanded the war zone in the Northern Song Dynasty, so many cities, villages and forts were built in the border areas. According to the geographical records of the Song Dynasty, during the Northern Song Dynasty, the state armies under the jurisdiction of Qin Feng Road, Jingyuan Road, Huanqing Road, Yanyan Road and Xihe Road in Shaanxi built the most fortresses. Qin area, located in the frontier of Imperial Summer, became an important defensive area in the Northern Song Dynasty. 1. Fortress building. Building castles was the main measure and facility in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was gradually implemented with the intensification of the Song and Xia wars. According to the geographical records of the Song Dynasty, Hedong, Yanyan, Huanqing, Qingfeng, Jingyuan and Xihe Road were the areas where the Northern Song Dynasty fought with Xixia frequently. Countries and armies along the border rule many fortresses, fences, customs and cities, which are the key points of defense in this area. In the year of Zongyuan _ 7, You Shixiong requested to build three villages, namely Ruzhe, Nami and Zhujie, from Pingtung, Li Nuo and Lanzhou to Tong Yuan, Dingxi and Tongwei, and seven ploughing-protecting castles, also known as fixing barriers. Obviously, the fortress has the function of protecting the border, and the goal of Xixia is often the fortress. Because the Northern Song Dynasty had a clear understanding of building castles, castles played an obvious role in resisting the Xixia attack. Therefore, from Liqing to Jiayou and Xining to Yuanfeng, the Song government set off the climax of building castles on the Shaanxi border three times, from165438+1October 2 1, and Yuanfeng was twice as high as Jiayou. It refers to the five-way border defense that lasted for three periods from the tenth year of Xining to the third year of Yuanfeng, with 160% guarding Fancheng and 80% soldiers preparing for war. This is only part of the wall built by the sergeant. Many city walls are guarded by barbarians, walled residents and archers. The western area of Longshan under the jurisdiction of Qingfeng, Jingyuan and Huanqing Road was the frontier position to resist Xixia in the Northern Song Dynasty. But the border in this area is long and tortuous, and there is no danger of steep mountains and seas. We can only build castles in Chengguan by many control points. In the history of Northern Song Dynasty 160 years, nearly 500 chengguan forts were built along the northwest border, and their distribution was influenced by the military situation and geographical conditions. Two. Distribution of Fortress Villages Qin Long is located at the forefront of imperial summer, and many fortresses belong to Huanqing Road, Qin Feng Road, Jingyuan Road and Xihe Road. During the Northern Song Dynasty in Bao Dao Village, Qing, Huan and Ningzhou were located in the east of Gansu Province and were under the jurisdiction of Taoism. Anhua County under Qingzhou has four towns: Huai 'an, Yele, Wujiao and Jingshan, including Dashun City, Donggu, Xigu, Rouyuan and Renshun Village. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Fucheng, Jincunbao and Pingrong Town were abandoned. In five years, the village of autism fraud was recovered and named Anjiang Village. In the first year of Yuan You, there were two castles in Fupingrong Town: Mud Abuse Castle and Mud Beauty Castle. Heshui County, with Yele and Huachi counties in the province as its towns, and three towns of Jin, Fengchuan and Huachi. In the seventh year of Xining, Huachi Town was changed to Huachi Village, connecting the East and West Villages and Liyuan Fort. In Xining and Pengyuan County for three years, Li came from Ningzhou to take charge of Dongzhi, Xiaojing, Chicheng and Ningqiang. Tong Yuan County under the jurisdiction of Zhou Huan consists of Mubo, Maling,

Qin Zhou is in charge of Ji Cheng County, and has jurisdiction over Dongcheng, Daokouwu and Sunset, and has jurisdiction over Taiping No.1 prison area, Fuqiang and Gangu. It has jurisdiction over Weishui, Shanyang, Shangding, Xialuo, Baozi, Fu Gui, Xiaosanyang, Zhao Chuan, Tumen, Gusi, Pingrong, Chiyaqiu, Xiqing, Yuanyuqiu, Dingxi, Xiaodixing, Xiadui, Zhuyuyuan, Shangdui, Yuanchuan and Longcheng County, under the jurisdiction of Longcheng and Anyi Town, and under the jurisdiction of Jing Rong and Guyi. Qingshui County governs Baisha, Baijia and Qingshui Town, including Linggongmen, Tieku, Ya 'an, Baozi, Xiaogongmen, Zuojiao, Detie, Gudao, Yong 'an, Weisai, Ju, Zhenbian, Herong and An. Tianshui County governs Tieye, Artemisia argyi and Migu. Chengzhou is a county with jurisdiction over two townships of Tonggu, two towns of Fucheng and Xi 'an, and six villages of Gulu, Ant, Songka, Pingquan, Taoshan and Walnut. Yangni Liting County governs two townships and one town. Fujin in Jiezhou County governs Anhua, Liting, Shimen, Jiaogong, Hekou, Gucheng, Lingfeng Tieqi, Wuping and Shantan. County Li Jiang governs Gaolan, Pingluo, Xin 'an and Gucheng. Fengzhou belongs to Liang Quan, Hechi and Liangdang counties. Liang Quan is located in Shaanxi Province. Hechi governs two townships, leading Hechi, Gao Qiao and Gushan, and leading Liangdang and Guangxiang. Jingyuan Road was deposited in Qingfeng Road in the period of Li Qing. Most of its jurisdiction is in today's Gansu, with many towns and villages. Weizhou is Pingliang County, which has jurisdiction over Anguo, Wuyao and Wating. There are two towns in Panyuan. Anhua has three townships, which lead Anhua and Baiyanhe towns respectively. Chongxin County has jurisdiction over four townships and Xichicheng Town. Huating County has four townships, yellowstone river Town, a copper mine, an ironworks, a tea garden and a saltworks. There are Xiajing City and Ganquan Castle. Jingzhou has jurisdiction over Baoding, Shixiang and Changwu Village. Lingtai County, Lingwu Township and Baili Town. Liangyuan leads five townships. Changwu County, during the Song Xianping period, was changed from a town to a village, and Changwu Village was a county for two years. Yuanzhou governs Lin Jing and four towns. There are two towns, Xincheng and Liu Quan, and a fort in Liu Quan. There are five villages: Xihao, Kaibian, Ping 'an, Suining and Jing 'an. Suining village leads the way, Nanshan, Sambo; Jing Zhai led China Pu 'er Tea, Chiluo Tea, Zhang, Common Sense, Xinle, Jichuan and Suichuan. There are Anqiang and Xincheng Fortress. Back to the county seat, it governs three cities: Anxi City, formerly known as Ruzhecheng County, was built in Song Shaosheng for three years and named Xihe Road; Huichuan City, formerly known as Qingnan Inner Heart, was built in Fuyuan for two years and named Huichuan; The acropolis and Zheng He built Qingshuihe New Town in six years and named it Wade. Ning Guan, formerly known as Dian 'erguan, was built in Fu Yuanyuan. Soon, it was changed to Huining Pass. Zhai Ling: Pingxizhai, born four years ago, belongs to Qingshixia and Xihe Road; Xinquanzhai, formerly known as Lengmou, was named after Fu Yuanyuan, a native of Northeast China. Fort Hu Airong was built in the second year of Chongning. Jingshengbao, at

Deshun Army governs Shuiluo City and was established in the fourth year of Li Qing. Deshun Army is in the southwest 100 mile, commanding Wang Jiacheng and Shimenbao. Jurisdiction over Jingbian, Desheng, Longde, Tongbian and Zhiping Wuzhai. Anbao is located in the third year of Li Qing, 35 miles northeast of Deshun Army. Fort Wei Rong to the south of Deshun Army. Rongjun Town leads Pengyang City, Dongshan Village, Ganxing Village, Tiansheng Village, Sanchuan Village, Gaoping Village, Ning Chuan Village, Xining Village, Kaiyuan Village and Zhangyi Village. Shengzhai, Lingxin Tea and Arbor were built in Zhiping for two years. Gaoping Village was built in Xining for six years. Xining Village was established in the first year of Xining. Kaiyuan fort, Xining four years, abandoned Anbian fort into Kaiyuan. Xining five years, set up Zhang Yibao. Part of Rongzhen Army is under the jurisdiction of today's Gansu. Xihe Road, Baozhai Xihe Road is a new administrative region set up on the open edge of Zaixi River. Except Huangshan, Shanshan, Kuosan, Jishi and Zhenwu Second Army, most of the other jurisdictions are in present-day Gansu. Xizhou is under the jurisdiction of Le Kang Village and was established as Lekangcheng Village in Xining in six years. Anqiang City, in the sixth year of Song Xuanhe, built a new overflow fort on the Lankuo Road of Cixi River, named Anqiang City. Xining five years, home Tonggu, Qingping, Weiyuan, Beiguan four castles. In the sixth year of Xining, Liujiachuan Fort was changed to Dangchuan Fort, and Nanchuan Fort and Nanguan Fort were built. Ning seven years, build a river fort. In the seventh year of Yuan Dynasty, Lintaobao was established. And Guangpingbao. Hezhou belongs to Ninghe River, formerly known as Alley City. 1 105, Ninghe Village was upgraded to a county, with jurisdiction over Ding Qiang, Xunhua, Datong, Huaiqiang, Laiqiang, Zhujiang, Mishewing, Bidding, Sha Tong, Dongying and Tai Sui. In the seventh year of Xining, Arnold City was changed to Dingqiang City. Xunhua City, originally a public city, was reclaimed by Chongning in 2003 and changed to Xunhua City. Datong, which originally went to the south of the city, was renamed after Chongning recovered two years ago. Huaicheng, after three years of worship, was reinstated by the governors. Anzhai, formerly known as Biaocheng, was recovered in the second year of Chongning and renamed. He came to Baining for three years and took over with the prince. In the second year of Taoxi, the six cities of Zhu, Zhou, Dangbiao, and Dongying were successively reclaimed, and then abandoned and recovered in the second year of Chongning. Step on Baicheng, west of Hezhou. Owns seven castles. Nanchuan village, Xining seven years, built Nanshan fort, and soon changed to Nanchuan village. In the seventh year of Xining, the East Valley Castle was built. Ning eight years, build yanjing fort. In the third year of Yuanfeng, two castles, Xiyuan and Beihe, were built. Baotong, formerly known as Ganpu Fort, was built in Chongning for three years, hence its name. Tongjinbao, formerly known as Nandabao, was given this name three years after Chongning. There is also Lintanbao in the northeast of the city. There are two passes in the old city, Anxiang Pass and Qiaoguan Pass, and the third year is named after Fuyuan. Huiji, Xining seven years home. Zhou Tao is responsible for Diezhou and Tongmin Village. There are five towns in Zhou Min: Ma Wu, Gucheng, Yan Guan, Baishi and Taoshan. My ancestral home is Linjiang Village, Qin Zhou, and I came to Xining for six years, belonging to Zhou Min. In the seventh year of Xining, Lichuan, Lvchuan and Dangchang in Sichuan were established, and Boweryangzhe and Guzang were changed into towns. In the first year of Yuanfeng, he was transferred to Zhou Min. Ning ten years, Lei Gong. Lanzhou, the leader of the ancient village in Xiao Sheng, was founded in the fourth year of Yuanfeng, and Xiaoshenggu and Chuilong Village were established in the seventh year of Yuanfeng. Che Cuilong Village belongs to Forrest Gump. In the seventh year of Yuan You, Shao Shi was abandoned.

Tongchuan Fort, built in Fuyuan for three years, extends from Jingyuguan to Fuchuan and Wu Luo Middle Road in Si Qian. It was named Tongchuan Fort and was later abandoned. Chongning for two years, and then reply. Duke Zhou, now Tong, took Lanzhou West City as the West City, changed Dingxi to Tong, and Ruzebao was the West City for five years, which was Tong. In the second year of Chongning, Dingxi was abandoned and managed by Pingping Fort. Tongzi Village was managed by Yumucha Fort, and Jian 'an Xicheng was built. It has jurisdiction over 6 villages: Yongning Village, which belonged to Xining for five years, and Yongning Village belongs to children. In eight years, Weiyuan Village was abandoned as a town. Seven years, waste for the town, belonging to Yongning. Ningzhai's ancestral home was in Xining for five years, and Kenning Yuanzhai belonged to Tongyuan Army. After worshiping Ning for three years, he was promoted to county with Yongning Village. Tongwei Village originally belonged to Qin Zhou. In the fifth year of Xining, Tongwei Village was cut and placed under Tongyuan Army. Baining for five years, Tongwei County. Shuyang village, ancestral home, has been stationed in Xining for five years and is under the jurisdiction of Tong. In September of the sixth year of Xining, Yanchuan Village was built, and then the town was changed. In the fifth year of Yuan Dynasty, the village was closed. It has seven fortresses: five years ago in Xining, Sancha, Ciyang, Guangwu, Weichuan and Yaya belonged to Qin Zhou and were transferred to the Tong Yuan army. Yuanfeng established two forts, Yumucha and Heping Building, five years ago, and abandoned Chongning two years ago. Da, Ben Dang and Bao belong to. In the fifth year of American rule in western Ningxia, after these three fortresses were abolished, Guwei Village was changed to Tong Yuan's army. Three. Characteristics and characteristics of the fortress; The Qin Long Fortress in the Northern Song Dynasty was generally built in a strategic place where shape prevailed and shape was controlled, and each had its own risks. Just as Wang, the comforter of Jingyuan, said: Wuchuan Juncheng Village along Jingyuan Road controls thief traffic. These forts vary in size. There is a wall outside the fort, which is surrounded by mountains and waters. In order to make full use of the advantages of mountains and rivers, they should be appropriately expanded. The size of the village is 900 steps a week, and the smallest is 500 steps; The big castle has 200 steps, and the small castle has 100 steps. In the seventh year of Yuan You, Minister of State Fan Yu repeatedly asked him to build an 800-step mansion in Nuza Valley. In the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty's recovery, thousands of stockades were built in Jingyuan, Qingfeng and Xihe Road, each with 800-600 steps and completed in ten days. Between 300 and 600 steps around the fortress, there is a protective agricultural fortress arch around it. These forts change from time to time. Castles and villages belong to the country, army, or county, and even some of them belong to larger villages in the city, so there are several castles under many villages in the city. Generally speaking, cities are the largest, followed by villages and fortresses. Cities, villages and forts are the same type of military region, so the old cities and forts can be changed into villages, and villages and forts can also be changed into cities and forts. Although these cities, customs, fortresses and villages are different in size and name, they are all military customs villages with the same nature, and there is no strict distinction. With the development of the military situation, the importance of border defense in these customs and villages has increased or decreased, and their affiliation has changed from time to time. The role of the fortress. Qinlong fortress was closely related to the Fanbu and became the base camp of the Song government. The American policy of controlling foreigners by barbarians has attracted the Fanbu. In order to resist Xixia and protect the border peace, the most prominent role of many fortresses built by the Northern Song government in Gansu was to gather troops and strengthen defense. You Shixiong once suggested that three gates of Lu, Nami and Zhu Jie should be built between Dingxi and Tongwei, and seven fortresses should be protected and cultivated to consolidate the barrier and bring endless benefits. obvious

Jingyuan Road: Town, Village, City and Fort 2 1 seat, Haoqiang12,466, Zhuangma 4586, A10, a total of 505 teams. Celebration: 28 towns, 3 1723 strongmen, 3,495 strong horses, a total of 1 182 teams. The above records do not include the number of troops assembled in Lubao Village, Xihe. Baozhai in the Northern Song Dynasty has different names such as Shouzhai, Huzhai and Huzhai. Many of these fortresses have appeased familiar families and farmers. When the enemy plunders, people and animals enter the fortress to hide. When the enemy retreats, the troops of each fortress are dispatched together to intercept and pursue, so that the enemy gains nothing in advance and loses something in retreat. The fortress is surrounded by cultivated land, and the nearby fields are zoned out for cultivation by the Fanbu people to stabilize their lives. Therefore, the fortress has become a refuge for villagers and Fan Min, with the function of sheltering farmers. In March of the second year of the Western Year, the Song government issued a letter to establish archer villages in the ancient city of Gan, Tongweibao and the village. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty, the Song government sent a letter to the administrative department of Qingfeng Road, placing the newly surrendered tribes outside Gangu Castle, building castles and exhibition towers far and near, and protecting and recovering them. Nawuchuan and Qingjichuan are fertile, but both are barren. After four years in Pingping, two castles, Wuchuan and Qingjichuan, were established. Four or five rivers are Zhiping village, and Qing Jichuan is Jichuan village. Archers are ordered to recruit. Everyone got 100 mu of farmland and 50 horses. Within ten days, thousands of brave men rode thousands of horses. These horses gather here to cultivate the land in Siwuchuan and Qingjichuan. Zhaizi has become the living and production base of Tibetan people. The gathering of a large number of people has provided sufficient labor for the development of production and contributed to the development of Gansu. Because these forts are located in the border areas, and a large number of troops are stationed in them, and many sweet and Han families along the border and people who move in the mainland live in them, these forts have become distribution centers for commodity trade. The tea transportation from southeast to northwest and the trade between cities and horses in the Northern Song Dynasty were inseparable from these frontier fortress. Many fortresses also promoted the development of Fan Shi. Fanbu under the control of Shuncheng took away raw silk, white cloth, assorted vegetables, bedding, teh tarik and so on. Go to the western border of Lalang River, where you will make a deal with the leader Nyainnibi in the name of Mount Braque. Most of the transactions are green salt, frankincense, sheep goods and so on. After the title of Mashan, Dakbo, the sweet department of Xidan ethnic group, lured Zhou Tao's Baling toast to live in the north of Zhou Min and became a sweet city. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Kuai's horse farm was in Yongning Village, Qin Zhou, and Fan Kuai's horse farm went to Qin Zhou. Yongning Village also has a large trading place. The Song government sent a letter to Yongning Village, and 50 official rooms were used to store servants' property. These fortresses have become trading places, and played a role in promoting trade and exchanging needed goods in Gansu's commercial activities. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the fortresses in Qinlong area were mainly set in the early, middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, and most of them were in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. Its setting time and distribution area fully show that after the alliance of Chanyuan, Song and Liao, the soldiers stopped the north, Xixia rose, the frontier fortress reignited, and the frontier defense center moved westward. In summer, Qin-Long area became an important frontier in Northern Song Dynasty. The fortress villages in Qin area are closely related to the Fanbu, and they are interdependent, forming a unified whole. In this whole, the construction of the fortress and the attachment of the Fanbu increased synchronously, and the demands of the Fanbu were mutually causal, which was the implementation and embodiment of the policy of controlling foreigners by foreigners in the Song Dynasty and the need of Xixia's defense strategy.