Census the national conditions and find out the "family background"

-Explain the characteristics of the fifth national census.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Suo Shen Yan Lu Tao

The fifth national census will be held on June 165438+ 10/day. As an important survey of national conditions and national strength, it is not only a simple demographic survey, but also a major inspection of the implementation of previous national policies and the development of human and material resources, and also provides an important scientific basis for formulating national development strategies and policies in the future.

Different from the previous four times, the fifth national census has improved in content and means. These improvements can not only complete the census more effectively, but also lay a solid foundation for scientific governance and macro-decision.

The contents of the census are more abundant.

How many rooms do you live in? How big is the area? What materials are used for the walls? These contents have been written into the fifth national census table. There are 49 items in this census, 28 more than last time. The purpose of increasing census items and expanding census contents is to reflect the economic activities of the population and the people's living standards and quality of life more comprehensively.

Four population censuses have been conducted, and the number of items is relatively small, most of which focus on the changes of population's own production. Population migration has been added to the project of People this time. This mainly reflects the actual situation of increasing population mobility since China's reform and opening up. In the survey, the content of population economic activities was also added, which mainly reflected people's employment and social support.

The items reported by households mainly increase the content of housing. This is the first census in China. Since 1990s, with the deepening of housing reform, people have become the main body of the current housing market. Adding housing-related content to the "Five-Year Plan" project is conducive to reflecting the improvement and existing problems of people's living standards and quality of life since the reform and opening up, and is conducive to the government's formulation of social and economic development strategies and plans for the next century.

The principle of census is more scientific

The four censuses we conducted in the past were all registered according to the principle of permanent population. The time standard for permanent residents is one year, and the space standard is counties and cities. In order to reflect the rapid change of population flow and direction, the time standard of permanent population is shortened to half a year, and the space standard is reduced to township streets.

With the increasingly active market economy in China and the changes in employment methods and employment opportunities, people's living places and time have changed more frequently than in the past, especially a large number of rural surplus laborers have gone out to look for employment opportunities, which has formed a unique tide of population mobility in China since the reform and opening up. Shortening the time standard of permanent residents is precisely to meet the requirements of this change and reflect the current situation of population flow.

From the perspective of China's administrative jurisdiction system, the jurisdiction of counties and cities includes both rural townships and towns or streets with urban nature. In recent years, the population not only flows from rural areas to large and medium-sized cities with developed economies, but also flows to small towns in a short distance. If the spatial standard of permanent residents is still counties and cities, these people will still be registered in the rural areas where they live, which cannot reflect the current situation of population mobility.

In the past, the standard time of the four censuses in China was 0: 00 on July 65438 +0, and this census was changed to 0: 00 on June 65438 10 +065438. This is mainly because choosing July 1 day as the standard time for the census will cause many farmers to return to the city less than half a year after the Spring Festival, so they are still registered in the countryside, and the census data cannot reflect the current situation of population mobility; Choosing 1 1 month can avoid this contradiction, and half a year refers to May to 10 month.

Census means are more advanced.

This census adopts short meter and long meter technology, and adopts photoelectric input. Advanced census means are conducive to improving the quality of census.

Using short table and long table technology can not only get more information, but also reduce the input of census. In the past, because there were fewer census items in our country, it was relatively simple, and one kind of table was enough. According to the sampling method stipulated by the state, 10% of families and individuals are selected to fill in the long form, and the remaining 90% of families and individuals fill in the short form.

In order to fully understand the migration and flow of the population and meet the needs of daily management and urban construction of the current residence, the attached table "Temporary Population Questionnaire" was added to this census. With this form, even if the census form is missing, we can try to make it up from the schedule. The census data is rich, and computer processing can greatly reduce the census cost and improve the data quality. This census adopts photoelectric input method, which eliminates the regeneration error of manual input in the past. In addition, in order to improve the technical level of China's population census and expand the application fields of census data, the Five-Year Plan will also establish a population geographic information system in large and medium-sized cities. This is conducive to understanding the characteristics of population distribution and regional composition vividly and intuitively, and is conducive to the planning and management of regions and cities and the development of market economy. (

Observing China's economic problems, we should pay attention to both "gross" and "per capita". In 2000, China's GDP reached 8,900.4 billion yuan, exceeding 654.38 billion US dollars at that year's exchange rate, ranking sixth in the world, and its economic aggregate has been considerable. If we calculate by purchasing power parity, that is, by the international common price, China's economic aggregate will rank in the top in the world. However, the per capita income is less than $65,438+0,000, and it has just entered the ranks of lower-middle income countries and is still a relatively poor country. The development strategy of "three steps" to realize modernization has completed the first two steps, not two thirds of the whole modernization process. It will take about 50 years to basically realize modernization by the middle of this century. We should have a clear understanding of the arduous and long-term nature of modernization.

Since the beginning of the new century, China has entered a new development stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way and moving towards the third-step strategic goal of modernization. In the next 10 year, China's economy is expected to grow at an average annual rate of about 7%, and the GDP in 20 10 year is 1 times higher than that in 2000. The expected target of economic growth this year is 7%. Despite the adverse impact of the slowdown in the US economy and the global economy, the economic growth rate in the second half of the year will be slower than that in the first half, the annual economic growth target can still be achieved, and it is still possible to maintain the economic growth rate of around 7% next year.

In the next five years to 10, the trend and policy orientation of China's economic development can be summarized as the following seven aspects:

First, adjust the economic structure. This is the main line of economic development for a long time to come. Through the adjustment of economic structure, China's economic development will reach a new level, not just the low-level expansion of GDP. Industrial restructuring is the main content of current economic restructuring. The development of technology and economy in China is unbalanced, and the adjustment of industrial structure needs to deal with two relations: one is the relationship between developing emerging industries and transforming traditional industries with new technologies, and the other is the relationship between developing capital-technology-intensive industries and developing labor-intensive industries.

Second, accelerate the process of urbanization. Rural economic development has both short-term and long-term problems. Since the 1990s, there have been two basic situations: first, the average annual growth rate of grain output is obviously higher than the population growth rate; Second, the per capita food consumption of urban and rural residents declined. This has brought unprecedented difficulties to the sales of agricultural products. At present, many agricultural products are higher than the international market price, so it is difficult to increase farmers' income by raising the prices of agricultural products. The output per unit area of China's agriculture is not low, and the fundamental reason for not making money from growing grain is that there are too many people and too few people, making it difficult to achieve large-scale operation. It is difficult for farmers to get rich simply by farming. There are a large number of surplus laborers in rural areas, coupled with the seasonal characteristics of agriculture, many places are "one month for the New Year, three months for farming, and eight months for gambling". Township enterprises are an important source for farmers to increase their income. Non-agricultural income accounts for an increasing proportion of farmers' income, but many township enterprises are facing overproduction and sales difficulties. The low-level scale expansion in the initial stage can no longer adapt to the changes in market demand. Structural adjustment and technological progress should include township enterprises. In the long run, the fundamental solution to rural problems depends on industrialization and urbanization, and on the transfer of a large number of agricultural population to non-agricultural industries. It can be said that the most difficult point of China's industrialization and modernization is not in the cities, but in the vast rural areas; The starting point of China's industrialization and modernization is the city, and the final destination is the countryside. This is the most difficult task in the process of China's modernization. Promoting urbanization is the fundamental problem of China's economic development in 2 1 century. In order to promote urbanization, the policy of restricting farmers from entering cities for a long time needs to be changed, and at the same time, it is necessary to improve the system, strengthen management and maintain social stability.

Third, the development of the western region. Unbalanced regional economic development is a universal law. In the history of China for thousands of years, regional development is unbalanced. Whether in the east or in the west, the gap between provinces, autonomous regions, cities and counties is widening, which is an urgent problem to be solved in the economic development of various places. Regional economic policy should emphasize two overall situations. Allowing some areas to get rich first is the overall situation, and this policy should be adhered to. Implementing the strategy of developing the western region is not to relax or delay the development of the eastern region. The development of the eastern region was and will remain an extremely important financial, material and technical force to support the overall situation of the national economy for a long time to come, and it is also a condition to support and accelerate the development of the western region. The eastern region still has great development potential. It is also an overall situation to implement the strategy of developing the western region and realize regional coordinated development and common prosperity. If the western region does not realize modernization, there will be no national modernization.

Fourth, achieve sustainable development. This is a major problem in the world. In the new stage of development, sustainable development should be placed in a prominent position. Mainly population and environment.

The population problem is a special problem in the economic development of China. The population problem used to be two sentences: controlling population and improving population quality. It's time to add: pay attention to the problem of aging. At present, the population over 60 in China accounts for 10%. Under the condition of small population base and developed economy, western countries have experienced aging after long-term development, but they still encounter many problems. Under the condition of underdeveloped economy and large population base, it is difficult for China to enter an aging society in a short time. Aging will bring about the problem of "fewer people born, more people eat", so it is necessary to plan corresponding measures and improve the social security system.

Environmental protection is the need to improve the quality of life. Environmental protection can promote the technological transformation of enterprises, promote the adjustment of industrial structure, form an environmental industry and become a new economic growth point. The environmental deterioration in China has not been fundamentally reversed. Now that we have solved the problem of food and clothing, we should pay more attention to environmental problems. According to the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the economy will increase by about 50% in 2005, and the total discharge of major pollutants will decrease by 10% compared with 2000. Economically developed countries began to control the environment when the per capita income was 2000 dollars, while China began to control environmental pollution on a large scale when the per capita income was less than 800 dollars, which was more difficult and required long-term efforts.

Fifth, improve the market economic system. At present, the market economic system is only "initially" established, that is to say, it has a prototype and a big framework, and there are still many imperfections and imperfections. It is still necessary to emphasize institutional innovation and provide institutional guarantee for economic development through deepening reform. China's accession to the WTO marks a new stage of economic system reform in China, that is, the stage of establishing a relatively perfect socialist market economic system in line with the rules of the international market economy. Institutional innovation is an indispensable part of China's modernization.

Sixth, develop an open economy. China's international economic environment and foreign economic relations have undergone profound changes. Mainly economic globalization and China's opening to the outside world. Economic globalization is a trend, which is intertwined with the complex interests and fierce competition of various countries and is bound to go through many twists and turns. The consequences are both positive and negative. Further integration into the process of economic globalization is the condition for realizing modernization, but China is backward in economy and technology and faces great pressure in the competition with developed countries. Joining WTO will bring new opportunities to China's economy, which is a very challenging opportunity. The challenges we face are also challenges with development opportunities. Joining WTO is only to get admission tickets and qualifications, and the key is to improve the competitiveness of our economy.

Seventh, improve people's living standards. We should properly handle the relationship between national construction and people's lives, and give consideration to the national economy and people's livelihood in the relationship between accumulation and consumption; In social policy, we should pay attention to adjusting social distribution and solving the employment problem. China is facing heavy employment pressure. In the next five years, 40 million new jobs will be created in cities and towns, and 40 million agricultural laborers will be transferred to non-agricultural industries. To achieve this goal, there will still be more than1200 million unemployed people in cities and towns, and there will still be more than100 million surplus labor in rural areas. Actively expanding employment is a basic policy that needs long-term adherence. The shortage of commodities in China market has ended, and now the supply exceeds the demand. Without the improvement of the income and consumption level of urban and rural residents, it is impossible to open the domestic market and maintain economic growth.