Cixi immediately sent eunuchs to inquire. Because the court stipulates that the emperor has a record of summoning anyone, you can find out by looking it up. The eunuch checked and reported that the emperor had not summoned Xu Zhijing for three months. This time, Cixi changed color slightly. Plus Rong Lu is her favorite person, so Cixi changed Xu Zhijing's sentence to "suspended sentence" (that is, suspended death).
In fact, Guangxu did not summon Xu Zhijing because he was hard of hearing, and people could not hear clearly unless they raised their voices. When Guangxu was there, Cixi had eyes and ears, and she was not summoned for the sake of confidentiality.
Xu Zhijing survived, and the "Seven Gentlemen of the Reform Movement of 1898" became the "Six Gentlemen". After Xu Zhijing was released from prison, he lived in Hangzhou and changed his name to Xu Zuo, which means that all the "six gentlemen" were killed and the only old man left by the sword. How did the "Seven Gentlemen of the 1898 Movement" become the "Six Gentlemen of the 1898 Movement"? How can Xu Can not die? On September 2 1898, 2 1, a coup took place. On September 24th, when Jiumen went to Xufu to arrest people, Xu Zhijing was absent. As soon as he got home, he turned himself in to the punishments without panic.
His official position is higher than the "Four". He has recommended Kang, Liang, Tan and others, and has also attended many memorial services for political reform and restructuring. After going to prison, he thought he was going to die. On September 28, he learned that a group of prisoners were going to be executed, dressed in official uniforms, and waiting for the road. Several sons and nephews are also waiting at the vegetable market with coffins. Because my nephew went to pick up Xu Renzhu from Changsha North, Xu was speechless. Only my nephew Xu arrived at the market:
Seeing the sea of people, people talked about it one after another: when the messenger came out, the first car must be Xu Zhijing. Just then, listening to the guns, a man rushed out from the gate of Shunzhi, and people in the street were shouting, the messenger is coming. I heard someone shout again: Strange, why was Tan the first beheader? (Xu Jichuan's Seventy Years' Experience, Zhonghua Book Company, 1985 edition, 35 pages. All the quotations in this article are from this book)
I saw Tan Sitong in the first section, Yang Shenxiu in the second section, Yang Rui in the third section, Xu Lin in the fourth section, Liu Guangdi in the fifth section and Kang in the last section.
Xu Renquan witnessed broadsword Wang Wu accepting Tan Sitong's body. People scattered, and I didn't see my uncle tied out, so I had to store the coffin in the original shop first. When I got home, I saw Ren Jing still staring at the door, so I quickly pulled him into the house and told him that there was nothing to do today.
The punishments did not dare to hear this unprecedented shocking case, so they invited ministers to participate in the trial together. As a result, they suddenly ordered beheading, which exceeded all legal procedures at that time. The officials of the Ministry of Punishment were so surprised that they ignored the laws of the Great Qing Dynasty and were about to kill people.
Xu Zhijing changed from "beheading" to "beheading in prison". It turned out that Li Hongzhang "trusted Rong Lu" and saved his life. The deep relationship between Xu and Li is unknown to outsiders. He survived in prison, studied and cultivated his own character, and did not regret participating in the Reform Movement. He said to his nephew and son-in-law who went to visit the prison: "We advocate political reform and restructuring, imitating the Meiji Restoration, which can be described as the right medicine. Although it didn't succeed, I believe I will take this road in the future. This is the general trend and a few people can't stop it. " In prison, the drafts of "Sacrificing Six Gentlemen" and "Continuing Songs" were all finished, and he stayed in Hangzhou to write them down. Two years in prison, proficient in Chinese medicine, often treating prisoners and saving many people. Eight-Nation Alliance went to Beijing, and all the prisoners were released, but he didn't want to go. "I am a criminal officer of the Great Qing Dynasty and was sentenced to detention. Now foreigners are releasing prisoners, and I can't listen to their orders. " . It was not until the meal in the prison stopped that he came out and let Gui Heng, the minister of punishments, fight for life. Two months later, he was pardoned by Xi, then went south to Tianjin and settled in Yao Yuan Temple Lane in Hangzhou. This house is where Xu Renzhu settled after his mother died in the Reform Movement of 1898 and helped her return to the south. In August this year, when my father was released from prison and went south, he had already died of lung disease. "Slowly, Yuner", the father and son finally failed to meet. At that time, someone put together a couplet: "Xu Renzhu, an unfilial person, committed a terrible crime and did not die, delaying the exam;" Tan sitong, a dead minister, was too strict. "
In his later years, Xu Zhijing often said, "I should go with the six gentlemen." What's the point of leaving me? "
Before his grandson Xu Jichuan's memoir was published, it was a long mystery why he didn't die. On the day of the Reform Movement of 1898, Li Hongzhang, who was arrested, walked around the yard and finally decided to ask Rong Lu for help: "My nephew was a bookworm who liked to sing Kunqu Opera and didn't understand the New Deal. Please talk about his personal feelings. " Rong Lu said he was embarrassed because Xu was a wanted man. Li repeatedly asked to "save his life". The next day, Rong Lu met Empress Dowager Cixi and saw the list of convictions. The first is Xu, followed by Tan Sitong and other six people. Rong Lu advised, "The Empress Dowager is wise. These people deserve it. But Xu Zhijing heard that he is a bookworm, singing Kunqu opera and playing flute at home all day. He doesn't understand the New Deal, and I'm afraid he will be cheated. " Empress Dowager Cixi said with an angry face: "Xu Zhijing is not a good thing. He alienated my mother and son. Why are you protecting him? " Rong Lu quickly knelt down and said, "No, but as far as I know, after Xu Zhijing was promoted to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, the emperor did not summon him." The eunuch was ordered to check the files. Sure enough, Emperor Guangxu did not summon Xu for three months. She softened her tone and said to Rong Lu, "For your sake, let him die of old age." Write a letter to change "chop it up before making a decision" to "chop it up and wait in prison" Rong Lu told Li Hongzhang in detail about his great efforts to save Xu. It was Li's descendants who personally told Xu's descendants. Why didn't Emperor Guangxu summon Xu for three months? In fact, it is precisely because Xu's hearing is not good. As an emperor, he has to guard against the wall and his ears. Zhang Yuanji felt this when he was called.
It turned out that Xu Houwei, the father of Li Hongzhang and Xu Zhijing, took the exam at the same time in the shed of 1847. Li has malaria, and the article is not finished. Xu went to visit the doctor next door, and Li sighed, "This subject is hopeless, and it's over." Xu asked, "How many articles have you written?" Li said that only one article was copied, and two were drafts. I fell ill before I could revise them, shivering with a pen and unable to finish the article. Xu said to me, I'll sort out the copy for you and try it step by step. As a result, Li won the Jinshi at once. Li Hongzhang will be a very important minister in the future, and Xu will always be the magistrate, but the origin of the two families is unusual and unknown to outsiders. As for why Rong Lu bought Li Hongzhang's account, under the complicated situation at that time, he could not do without Li Hongzhang's support and help, who knew both westernization and diplomacy. I mentioned earlier that he also defended Chen Baozhen. In addition, it is worth mentioning that he became the governor of Zhili, recommended talents in order, and made a list of 3 1 people, including reformists such as Chen and Huang Zunxian, as well as Yuan Shikai. Jia () and fellow scholar Li Hongzhang worked as county magistrate in Shandong and other places, and served as mountain head of Jingjintai Academy in their later years. However, influenced by the Westernization School, he "advocated opening railways, planting vaccinia, making friends with Timothy Richard and asking him why Britain can be rich and strong." He educated his children, paid attention to the history of China and advocated the study of foreign history. Xu Zhijing was taught by his father since he was a child. "In addition to studying classics and history, he should also pay attention to westernization and the study of statecraft." 1895, his father died and he returned to Yixing for 27 months. "Seeing the frequent foreign invasions, court officials became very angry, and often said that it would take several Zhang Jiangling () and Hai (Rui) to change the atmosphere and they could no longer be an official. "Uncle Xu Qiquan, who is enthusiastic about public welfare and has good hopes for his hometown, advised him that as a bachelor of imperial academy, he can specialize in playing things." When the country is in crisis, you should make achievements, so don't be tired. "After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the young Emperor Guangxu made great efforts to govern, and people in the ruling and opposition circles advocated reform and saved the peril. 1On June 8th, 898, Xu Zhijing, as a Bachelor of Science (Grade Four) in imperial academy, wrote that "the foreign invasion is deep, the country is undecided, innovative and conservative, and there is no basis for it. Please break the special application and concentrate on maintaining the status quo. " (The original is hidden in the First Historical Archives of China) This is an important folding piece presented by the military to Empress Dowager Cixi on the eve of the Hundred-Day Reform. It is called "Please set the country apart" in history.
Three days later, on June 1898, 1 1 day, Emperor Guangxu promulgated the Imperial Decree on the Establishment of the Country, announcing the reform and self-improvement. In the following 103, Xu Zhijing attended at least seven important books, which had a great or small or even critical impact on the process of political reform: please cancel the folding of eight-part books on June 22nd, please decide your own papers on July 7th, book folding on August 14, and book division on September 5th. After textual research, almost all his important works were written by Kang Youwei, but this is not important. One of the most famous is, of course, his "Secret Protection of Talents" in June 13, which recommended five people, namely Kang Youwei, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, Huang Zunxian, the provincial judge of Hunan Province, Tan Sitong, the alternate magistrate of Jiangsu Province, Zhang Yuanji, the minister of punishments, and Liang Qichao of Guangdong Province, and suggested that Emperor Guangxu "or put them in various places" as consultants; Or join the government and propose new policies. "
Emperor Guangxu issued a letter on the same day and summoned Kang Youwei and Zhang Yuanji three days later. According to the diary records of Weng Tonghe, the co-organizer of college students and senior minister in the inpatient department, Emperor Guangxu asked him for Kang Youwei's "book" on May 26th, and he replied that he had no contact with Kang. Guangxu asked why? He replied, "This man has ulterior motives." Asked why he didn't say anything before, he said that he didn't know until he read Kang's Confucius Reform Test recently. In fact, on June 15, Kang and Zhang also had dinner with Weng Tonghe, who had been absent. 16 years, Kang Youwei first met Emperor Guangxu. At the same time, Emperor Guangxu ordered Huang Zunxian and Tan Sitong to go to Beijing and arranged for Liang Qichao to be in the prime ministers' offices of various countries. Kang and Tan directly participated in the New Deal, and Xu Zhijing contributed. It was this passbook that led to his imprisonment and almost death, and all the "Three Hanlins" were dismissed. After the coup, Xu Renzhu asked his father to go to jail and made a discount:
My father was loyal all his life and never knew Kang Youwei. Since I entered Hunan last year, I have met Liang Qichao, one of Kang Youwei's disciples, and claimed that he is a brilliant teacher. I was in a daze for a while, envious of his false name, pretending that I could promote my country. I should attach an abridgement to my family letter and ask my father to support me. My father was addicted to calves, so he went to Chen instead of visiting Bo. Kang Youwei was found guilty, and my father was involved in the arrest, which was all caused by my ignorance.
It is commendable that Xu Renzhu excused his father and went to prison on his behalf. What he said is both right and not entirely right. At that time, he spoke highly of Liang Qichao, the chief Chinese teacher of the current school, and thought that Liang's "General Introduction to Kindergarten Learning" was "practical and smooth, and it is really important to be edified". Xu Renzhu, Chen, Huang Zunxian and Tan Sitong jointly assisted Chen Baozhen in carrying out Hunan New Deal. Zhou Shanpei, Xu Renzhu's assistant, recalled that he was "the most congenial" with Tan Sitong, Liang Rengong and Huang Gongdu. Kang Youwei was recommended because Tan Sitong praised him. Hunan New Deal met with great resistance because of the opposition of conservative forces. He had the idea of "changing policies and developing towards the center". He sent resumes to his fathers, Kang, Huang, Tan and Liang, promoting "the talent discount of the Secrecy Bureau". Hu Sijing's History of 1898 said that Xu Renzhu was "closely related to Liang, Tan, Kang Youwei and Huang Zunxian" and "asked his father to recommend him to the DPRK". However, Xu Zhijing and Kang Youwei did not know each other, but had known each other for a long time.
Tang Zhijun, an expert in the history of the Reform Movement of 1898, believes that Xu Zhijing's "Please make the country sparse" was probably drafted by Kang Youwei and polished by Xu Zhijing. Besides Kang Youwei's chronicle, Liang Qichao also talked about it in his letter to Xia Zengyou. 1898, Kang Youwei initiated the National Assembly in Beijing, and both Xu and Xu attended the meeting. Li Shengduo, who participated in it, once praised Kang's talent to Xu Zhijing. After the talents recommended by Xu Zhijing were folded up, Kang Youwei lived near the Xu family and went to the Xu family three times a day to talk about the reform plan. At that time, listening to Kangda's "Spring and Autumn Ram", he was "very congenial". Kang Youwei wrote his own chronicle and said:
I moved from Jinding Temple to Shangxie Street for a meeting, facing Xu Zhai and passing by every day. Xu Jun is old and studious. Even Spring and Autumn Annals requires me to say it, which is nothing in recent times.
Xu said to his nephew Xu Jichuan, "Kang advocates constitutional monarchy, imitating the Meiji Restoration in Japan, and has the same opinion as your grandfather, so it is easy to talk."
On September 4, Wang Zhao, the minister of rites, wrote that things were blocked, which led Emperor Guangxu to recall six hall officials. Wang Zhao rewarded the top hat with three products and prepared the hall with four products. The next day, Xu Zhijing was promoted to the right assistant minister of does (level 2). Tan sitong and other four people enjoyed four titles and boarded Zhang Jing's military plane to participate in the New Deal. This is the highest peak of the Hundred Days Reform, and it is also a turning point from prosperity to decline. This stimulated the old minister and Empress Dowager Cixi and accelerated the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898.
At the time of crisis, Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong urged Xu Zhijing to write to Emperor Guangxu and recommend Yuan Shikai, who was training in a small station. They also suggested that Guangxu should set up an attendance hall and use ten consultants, and invited Wang Zhao and Xu Zhijing to recommend him, with Kang Youwei as the first and Wang Bao as the first. /kloc-in September, 2002, Song Bolu published "Making Discount on Planning to Attend the Meeting";/kloc-in September, Song Bolu published "Discount on Selecting General Talents as Consultants";/kloc-in September, 2004, Xu Shang published "Discount on Zunbao Kang Youwei" and Wang Zhao published "Discount on Zunbao Kang Guangren", all of which were Kang Youwei. On the same day, Guangxu visited the Summer Palace for the first time 12 in the Hundred-Day Reform, and asked for a new pavilion, which was severely rejected by Empress Dowager Cixi, which was unprecedented since the Reform. (Ming Jiang's "Silent about Dead Chess", Life, Reading and New Knowledge Joint Publishing Company, 2006 edition, p. 172) This is the secret imperial edict of Emperor Guangxu asking the military plane to think about Jingjing, and there is no mention of Kang Youwei's name.
The New Deal was stormy, and the contradiction between Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu began to intensify. /kloc-in September of 0/7, Guangxu Ming issued an imperial edict, ordering Kang Youwei to leave Beijing quickly and go to Shanghai to run a newspaper without delay. (As early as July 3 1 year, Emperor Guangxu ordered Kang to run The Times in Shanghai. Kang is grateful, but he doesn't want to leave Beijing, the center of the vortex of political reform. ) On the same day, Kang went to the Xu family for dinner, and everyone advised him to go south. Xu Zhijing, who loves Kunqu Opera, sang a 10% discount on "The Palace of Eternal Life Playing Ci", which was desolate and touching. Kang said that there is a "voice of change". Many years later, Xu He's grandson recalled the past and felt that "the wind is rustling and the water is cold". "Although I know that the New Deal has failed and disaster is imminent, I am impassioned and never flinch. But when it comes to Guangxu's situation, he is more runny and helpless. "
19 14 spring, near the Reform Movement of 1898 16 year, Xu Zhijing and Kang Youwei finally reunited in Hangzhou. Sun Tzu Xu Jichuan met Kang Youwei, a middle-aged man, wearing a square satin hat and a red knot, wearing a blue silk robe, big ears and a black beard. These two people have a pair of eyes. Kang called himself a little nephew, took a few steps first and knelt down. Xu also knelt down, and the two men burst into tears. Kang said that Zhu Rui, who was in power in Hangzhou, was Yuan Shikai's man. He was afraid that the wall would have ears, so he suggested writing a letter. Kang started with the safe arrival in Hong Kong under the protection of British warships in the 1898 Movement, and then talked about the years of exile. Xu talked about the killing of six gentlemen and the execution ground, and wrote: "I was taken care of by my nephew Qiao Maoxuan in prison, so I can study and cultivate my mind." He has written articles such as Sacrificing Six Gentlemen and Song of Continuing Righteousness. I'll copy them to you next time. " Speaking of his trip from prison to Hangzhou, when Ren Zhu died, Kang wrote: "Brother Yan Funing is an outstanding talent of our party who understands the current affairs. Like tan, he can call it. If he were in Beijing, he wouldn't be so defeated. " Kang said, 1898, overseas misinformation that Nianbo was killed and Yao Zeng was mourned. In the year of Gengzi, I heard that Nianbo was released and asked someone to bring silver as a gift. There are some poems in my memory. I should copy them when I return to Shanghai. Xu wrote: "The money has not been collected, and the poem is quite thoughtful."
Next, the two men talked about the death of Emperor Guangxu. When it comes to the Revolution of 1911, they gradually have differences. Kang misses the Qing Dynasty, and Xu thinks Manchu is too stupid to take bribes.
A knife and a white ruler, the two talked about more than 80 pieces. Before going to bed, Kang burned all the paper, but he was afraid it wouldn't burn through. He checked it with a copper ruler, and it was all black and gray. That night, Kang Youwei slept with the teenager Xu Jichuan. After that, Kang wrote letters from Shanghai with Japanese hand-rolled stationery. Every letter is like a hand scroll, and books and articles are wonderful, with an average of four or five letters per month. Someone came, and Kang also asked someone to bring some local products such as salted fish, sausages and fresh lychees from Guangdong. On one occasion, Kang sent four poems, one of which was written by Xu when he was still in prison: "The clouds are sad and the fog is scattered, and the righteous songs are stronger and sadder." When Xu was released from prison, he burst into tears of joy: "I have been wronged for two years, and I am saddened by the party and the veteran of the reform, Ji Xinyi." There is a sentence in the other two songs: "Fly ash was black for several years, just like Nu Wa." "How do you say that you are young and party member?" Xu asked his grandson to send it to the store to be framed and hung in the study.
19 16 In the summer, after Yuan Shikai's death, Lu, the governor of Zhejiang Province, and the police chief went to the West Lake for the summer vacation and lived in Liu Zhuang. Kang invited Xu to live with him. The next day, at the banquet, Kang told Lu and Xia that he was a famous composer. Today, everyone can have a good time. Xu sang "Scold Cao", while Kang was enjoying the singing, he pondered the meaning of the original work and applauded constantly. On that day, Xu was in a particularly good mood and said, "It's more beautiful to sing in a rowing boat (a boat on the West Lake)." So everyone got on the boat and sang in the middle of the lake. There are many cruise ships in Xia Zhishi and West Lake, and their voices are close to each other. It was not until the song 1 1 ended that everyone went home. Kang lived in Liu Zhuang for a month with his daughter and son-in-law, and Xu with two grandchildren, which was the happiest period in his later years. "Upside down, the vicissitudes of life have changed dramatically, and the world is cold." Xu wrote a seven-character poem "Looking forward to the banquet in July, Liu Zhuang's drunkenness is his destiny" and gave it to Kang Youwei. He confided in the coup of 19 and suffered intense exile and imprisonment. Among them, there is a saying that "thieves and traitors will eventually be willing to sink into China." This "thief minister" is Yuan Shikai, who was secretly protected and worried for the rest of his life.
That summer in Liu Zhuang gave Kang Youwei the idea of living in Hangzhou. 19 17 bought more than 30 mu of land in the Dingjiashan area of West Lake and spent 452,000 yuan. 192 1 it took four years to build a "one-day garden", which Hangzhou people used to call "the best place to live". It was here that Kang Youwei, who was over 19 years old, married the peasant woman Zhang Achui as his sixth aunt and became the talk of teahouses and wineries. He self-titled "Almighty" couplets:
It is also a political matter to separate mountains from lakes and exercise the rights of birds, animals and plants;
The game world is boundless, and the victory of the extreme spring rock cloud makes me happy.
He wrote the inscriptions on the cliffs nearby, as well as the current "Banana Stone Tune" and so on. Kang Yu 1927 died in Qingdao and gradually declined.
Xu Zhijing's passbook recommended Tan Sitong. Tan couldn't go to Beijing because of illness, so Xu urged him to go to the seventh month of the lunar calendar. After that, Tan went to Xu's home almost every day to discuss political reform or listen to Kunqu opera, and often asked Xu to sing a 10% discount in the restaurant in the Palace of Eternal Life, while Kang Youwei liked to listen to Single Sword Going to the Meeting.
After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Kang Youwei left, and Tan Sitong, Liang Qichao and Xu arrived at the Japanese Embassy by mule car. Tan had a written conversation with the Japanese Counsellor: "Liang Qichao should avoid death, keep it for great use, and entrust your righteousness to make it immortal", while he himself "should not avoid death".
Xu, who is "the most congenial" to Tan, said: "Tan Liuyang has a firm attitude towards the talks." "He is a hero who keeps his promise, keeps his promise and understands justice. Even you know that you can't do it. " The day before his arrest, Tan Sitong went to see Xu Lin. Lin asked, "Are you going?" Tan replied, "I'm not leaving." Lin Dao: "I'm not leaving either." Tan went to the Xu family, and Xu Zhijing invited him to eat and drink. Tan said: "The reform has failed. Ren Gong and I have entrusted the Japanese Embassy to cover his trip to Tianjin and take a boat to Japan. The thief is very anxious to hunt down Mr. Kang, and his good or bad luck is uncertain. " Xu asked, "What are your plans?" He tapped himself on the head with chopsticks. "My nephew prepared this. Both the reform and the revolution will bleed, and China will start from Tan. "
Xu later told his grandson Xu Jichuan: "Mr. Tan is a fearless hero in times of crisis." And blamed himself: "I am sorry for Tan Liuyang. If I don't get along with him, I won't be killed. "
In his later years, when Xu Zhijing explained Tan Sitong's poems to his grandson Xu Jichuan, he could not help crying.
Because of his sponsorship, Huang Zunxian was sent to Japan on August 1898 and10/day as a backup of Sanpin Jingtang (he had previously served as a counselor of the embassy in Japan). Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned, Huang was arrested in Shanghai, and was released two days later because of Japanese protests. Since then, he has lived in seclusion, written books and left behind "Japan and the Country" and "Poems on Man and Land". Huang will never forget his recommendation. There are 14 poems about loving hometown people, the first one is Chen Baozhen, and the second one is Xu Zhijing:
It is amazing that different countries are determined to reform, which makes people cry. Looking all over the north and south of Lindong, there was no one in ancient times.
The eleventh song was written by Xu Renzhu. The first two sentences are:
The crime of a minister is the crime of punishing his father, which means that his father's blood is in his clothes.
It's a letter about Xu Renzhu, who is willing to go to jail on behalf of his father.
Among the five sponsors initiated by Xu Zhijing, Liang Qichao has the farthest relationship. Emperor Guangxu did not summon Liang either. He later explained that the reason was that Liang's Cantonese accent was too strong. The relationship between Xu Renzhu and Liang Qichao is much closer. Liang was invited to the current affairs school when he was studying politics in Hunan.
Xu Jichuan recalled that after Kang Youwei went to Hangzhou during the Republic of China, Liang Qichao also came, wearing a black satin tuxedo, a blue satin gown, an American fedora, a civilized stick in his hand, a big green sedan chair carried by four people and protected by four policemen. Grandpa was not at home that day, and he knelt down as soon as he entered the beam. Their conversation began with Xu Renzhu. When Liang asked him if he had gone back to his hometown in Yixing to visit relatives and friends, he raised his voice and said excitedly, "The Reform Movement of 1898 failed, and we still have the face to meet our elders in Jiangdong." Liang said, "Why should Nianbo be like this? We are all for the country and we can't talk about success or failure. " His tone was a little awkward. Before leaving, Liang Qichao took out a fan and asked him to write it as a souvenir. Seeing Liang off, he said to himself, "Liang Zhuo, crowding round, come here and put on airs." I only said one sentence and his face turned red. " The next day, he wrote a seven-character poem on the fan, followed by a postscript: "My brother came to Hangzhou from Beijing in the year of Rengong, and it has been more than ten years, so he can't bear the vicissitudes of life. I left it as a souvenir because of those slang words. "
19 15 Liang Qichao's trip to Hangzhou and his stay in Liu Zhuang 10 days. The local officials are hospitable, even more hospitable than his hometown in Guangdong. In June 1 1, he wrote to his daughter Liang Lingxian, who was far away from Hangzhou, saying that he was reluctant to leave the West Lake, and even wanted to buy more than ten acres of land by the West Lake, plant tea and tallow, and become a "thousand households". At that time, Yuan Shikai was about to become emperor, and he had to write poems such as "the so-called national movement problem". After all, his dream of farming the West Lake cannot be realized, nor can he "divide the mountains and lakes a little bit" in the West Lake like his teacher Kang Youwei. 1In September, 898, Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong and other martial men who wanted to build a new army by relying on the station training and expressed their support for the New Deal, first let Kangmen disciple Xu go to the station to watch the exercise (because his brother Ren Zhu and Yuan are brothers of the League). Yan Dunyuan, who was recommended by Ren Zhu to the Yuan shogunate, recalled that after Xu arrived in Tianjin, Yuan hosted a banquet and sat beside him when watching the exercise. "These words are very sharp and persuasive." After the Lu people returned to Beijing, they praised Yuan Zhijun for being effective. Kang and Tan advocated that Xu Zhijing give him a secret discount to protect Yuan. This is the "official secret protection training" on September 1 1:
I overheard Yuan Shikai, the provincial judge in charge of the newly-built army Zhili. His family background is well-versed in the military systems of various countries and the foreign policies that China should carry out at home now. They are insightful and appropriate. I heard about the practice of foreign exercises of the newly formed troops. I carefully select generals, strictly set salaries, reward and punishment openly, and give orders seriously. Every move is all feet, and every shot is simultaneous. ……
Emperor Guangxu summoned Yuan only twice and rewarded the assistant minister as a backup. Moving Yuan to Beijing is a taboo for Empress Dowager Cixi. Yuan is unreliable, second. Xu Zhijing said, "I regret it very much, as if it were a lifelong regret." At that time, Xu advised them to be cautious. "It is a rash move to make a simple statement. Because Yuan is Rong Lu's subordinate, although the station has trained a new army and won favorable comments, its number is only 7,000. Yuan is a man who watches the wind at the helm. He once supported the New Deal, which is the general trend. " Xu later admitted that "Tan Liuyang and Kang Nanhai conspired with me to save Guangxu by Yuan and punish Rong Lu, which was a desperate attempt". Unfortunately, Zhu was far away in Hunan. If he were in Beijing, he might try to stop him. After all, he "knows Yuan's character". He is a rising star who is familiar with current affairs and deeply appreciated by Li Hongzhang. He is also Weng Tonghe's favorite student. After he was dismissed, he said: "Bao Yuan is the most unwise. This man has ulterior motives. If he doesn't protect Yuan, the reform will fail. He said that Xu Lin was knowledgeable, and Lin Youshi said, "Beginners should not speak lightly." He looked warily at Yuan.
1965438+On the morning of June 7, 2006, Xu Zhijing, who was far away in Hangzhou, learned the death of Yuan Shikai, and his face showed a smile that he had never seen since the Reform Movement of 1898. The people who came to Yao Yuan Temple Street to announce the news came in an endless stream, and the atmosphere was unprecedentedly lively. He said, "I actually caught up with this day in my old age." He prepared the table and told his relatives and friends what he had never said:
1898 coup has passed 19 years. Under the situation that China was weak, the reformists tried to reform the country to make it strong, but they didn't understand the situation at that time, and acted rashly, which was a flash in the pan and eventually failed. We believe that after the defeat of Emperor Guangxu in the Sino-Japanese War, he intended to reform the law to strengthen the country and wanted to rely on him to implement constitutional monarchy. Cixi is a cruel tyrant. Guangxu ascended the throne at the age of four. She was her puppet. Later, on the surface, she returned to politics, and the actual power was still in her hands. In this harsh environment, our ideas are naive. As for trying to use Yuan Shikai's army to protect Guangxu and reverse the dying situation, it was a move of quick wits. I'm Yuan Shikai's secret guarantor, and I gave him a chance to betray the reform and get ahead in vain.
He also said, "The Reform Movement of 1898, because Yuan Shikai tipped off, and Cixi ended, imprisoned Guangxu and killed the reformists, which became a strange injustice through the ages." (Xu Jichuan's seventy-year experience, page1115) Fortunately, Cai E who overthrew Yuan Shikai's family was a student of Changsha Current Affairs School run by Xu Renzhu, a favorite of Liang Qichao. The Reform Movement of 1898 not only participated in this major historical event, but also took revenge. Finally, he
19 17, when he learned that Kang Youwei had participated in zhang xun restoration, he angrily wrote a long letter urging Kang Youwei to leave Beijing. The original letter was not saved, and the main point of his grandson's recollection was: "Although the Reform Movement of 1898 failed, our proposition of reform and reform was correct. We are dissatisfied with the corruption of the Qing government, so it is also tenable to get rid of the old and innovate. " "We feel at ease with Emperor Guangxu because he can listen to our suggestions and carry out political reforms, not because he is the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, so we praise him." "We advocate constitutional monarchy, but we don't approve of autocracy. We don't know anything about Xuan Tong, so we can't fool around with others. " (The Biography of Seventy Years 1 19) He heard that Kang was about to become the vice president of Bi, and the dean was Xu Shichang, Yuan's best friend. "You are his concubine, and I sympathize with you. "Although the restoration ended in 12 days, he was deeply saddened by it. He felt resentful that Kang Youwei's move was detrimental to the reputation of the reformists. After this stimulation, he fell ill in Hangzhou the following spring at the age of 75. During his illness, he was still asking about Kang Youwei's whereabouts. He sympathized with this old friend who had been in trouble together.
On the day of hanging, Kang Youwei sent an elegiac couplet with deep affection. Many years later, Kang told her grandson that her father had the greatest respect for Xu Zhijing in his life, and he "had the feeling of a bosom friend". He also told him one thing. At that time, Empress Dowager Cixi sent a warship, Eagle, to chase the Chongqing ship and Kang Youwei, but there was not enough oil on the way back to Tianjin, and the captain was imprisoned because of incompetence. Later, I learned that it was the captain Liu Guanxiong (chief of the navy of the Republic of China) who deliberately released Kang Youwei. At that time, people of insight were in favor of political reform and sympathized with Kang Youwei.
Historians have always said that the 1898 coup originated from Yuan Shikai's "informer". According to Yuan Shikai's diary of the Reform Movement of 1898, some historians believe that "the coup had nothing to do with Yuan Shikai's informer", and Yuan and even Rong Lu wanted to save Emperor Guangxu. This diary was not published until Yuan's death 10 (1926), and its reliability was questioned. Yuan's whistle-blowing may be later than the coup of Empress Dowager Cixi, but it undoubtedly expanded the cruelty of the coup. No matter from Bi Yongnian's diary "Zhi Zhi Ji" or Xu Jichuan's "Sidelights of the Reform Movement of 1898", Yuan can't escape the suspicion of gossiping. The former is the record of the parties at that time, and the latter is the oral memory of the parties, which can be cross-referenced.