Guan Tong (date of birth and death is unknown), a painter of the Five Dynasties in China, was born in Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). In his early years, he painted landscapes, studied under Hao Jing, studied hard, and almost forgot to eat or sleep. The mountains and rivers he painted can show the characteristics and majestic momentum of the mountains and rivers in Guanshan area. Mi Fei in the Northern Song Dynasty said that he was "diligent in harvesting rivers, and the peaks were less delicate". Guan Tong's conception of landscape painting can surpass Hao Jing's model and reveal his unique style, which is called Guanjia Landscape. His painting style is simple, and his image is bright and eye-catching, which is called "the simpler the pen, the stronger the spirit, the less the scenery and the longer the meaning". Guan Tong likes to shoot life scenes such as autumn mountain, cold forest, village residence, wild crossing, secluded people and scholars, fishing village hills, etc., which can make the audience immersive, "carefree as snow in Baqiao, while the Three Gorges listen to apes", which has a strong artistic appeal. Critics say that his achievements in his later years are better than Hao Jing's "Looking at You", and he is a powerful successor of Hao Jing School of Painting, and he is also known as Jing Guan with Hao Jing. Guan Tong's handed down works include Mountain Stream Waiting for Crossing, Mountain Travel Map and so on.

"Mountain Stream Waiting for Crossing" depicts the waterfront under a big mountain with people waiting to cross the river. In the painting, the mountains are majestic, the rocks are solid, and the weather is magnificent and desolate. Similar to the Song Dynasty's view that Guan Tong's landscape "sits on a dangerous peak and overlooks the poor valley, and it can be accomplished in one stroke" (Addendum to Five Dynasties Famous Paintings). The Travel Map of Guanshan depicts the trip to the barren hills and wild shops in late autumn, which is concise and powerful, with profound scenery and rich changes, interspersed with various character activities, making the picture more lively.

There are 94 royal Tibetan paintings recorded in Xuanhe picture book, including Autumn Mountain Map, Jiangshan Fishing Boat Map and Chunshan Temple Map. His works handed down from ancient times include "Mountain Stream Waiting for Crossing Axis" and "Mountain Travel Axis", all of which are said to have been made by him and recorded in "Three Hundred Paintings of the Forbidden City". At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Yuan Shu (Yuan Keli Zi) in Suizhou was a master who collected great works of Jing, Guan, Dong and He. "Wang Ming Shimin" wrote Yuan Huanzhong, the inscription and postscript, and "Guan Ti and Self-painting": "Huan Weng makes a monarch, which is both a work and a rich collection." Li Yingqiu was the ancestor of the scholar-officials, and Min Nangong was the ancestor of Jing Ke, so the real names of Jing Ke, Guan, Dong and Ju all went home. "Zhang Geng's Collection of Paintings of China in Past Dynasties": "Shu is well-read and well-appreciated, with a rich collection of paintings and calligraphy, recommended by Huating Dong Zongbo and Wang Juesi. Mountains and rivers enter Dong (Dongyuan), Ju (Ju Ran) and Zi Jiu (Huang). "The father of shu, is the minister of the qing dynasty, died in the Ming dynasty. Shu died of hunger strike and depression in Jinling, and the loss of his works is not counted.

Profile of Guan Tong (about 907-960) is from Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Painters of the Back Beam in the Five Dynasties. One is related to the same, and the other is related to R. In his early years, he painted landscapes, studied with Hao Jingxue, deliberately studied, and almost forgot to eat or sleep. The mountains and rivers he painted can show the characteristics and majestic momentum of the mountains and rivers in Guanshan area. Together with Li Cheng and Fan Kuan, he formed three major schools of northern landscape painting in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, and was also called the four major landscape painters in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty with Hao Jing, Dong Yuan and Ju Ran.

There are 94 royal Tibetan paintings recorded in Xuanhe Painting Spectrum, including Autumn Mountain Map, Jiangshan Fishing Boat Map and Chunshan Temple Map. Handed down from ancient times are "Waiting for Crossing the H Mountain" and "Travel Map of Guanshan Mountain". "Mountain H waiting to cross" depicts people waiting to cross the water bank at the foot of a big mountain. In the painting, the mountains are majestic, the rocks are solid, and the weather is magnificent and desolate. Similar to the view of Song Dynasty, Guan Tong-can's landscape was "sitting on a dangerous peak overlooking the poor valley" (Addendum to Five Dynasties Famous Paintings). "Travel Map of Guanshan" depicts a trip to barren hills and wild shops in late autumn. Simple and powerful, profound scenery, rich changes in reality and reality, interspersed with various character activities, making the picture more vivid. Guan Tong is not good at drawing figures, so he often asks Hu Yi to draw for him. Hu Yi, Peng Yun, was a painter of the Five Dynasties. He is mainly active in Houliang, and he is good at painting Buddhist and Taoist figures, horses and chariots on the balcony and copying ancient times.

Guan Tong's painting style had a great influence on that time and later generations. Guo Zhongshu, a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a teacher in his early years. He is not only magnificent, but also unconventional in his brushwork. In addition, Guan's disciples include Wang Shiyuan, Liu Yong and Wang Duan. Shiyuan Wang is Runan Wan Qiu Ren. The ancients said that he never came from any place and painted implicitly, but he lacked the atmosphere of the misty valley in the mountains. Liu Yong, a native of Kaifeng, once studied the landscapes of various families. One day, when he saw Guan Tong's paintings, he sighed greatly: "Is this the famous artist?" Go to the so-called Mount Tai and be small. "So he specializes in Guan Jia, and he really became a master. Wang Duan is from Shandong. The landscape is very important. He painted murals in Suoguo Temple and was good at writing portraits. Song Zhenzong admired him very much. Both Liu Yong and Wang Duan have four seasons landscapes that spread in the Song Dynasty. Wuxi painter in Yuan Dynasty was originally a landscape painting school in the south of the Yangtze River, but he absorbed the painting method of horizontal and vertical continuous pieces and overlapping layers, changed the center of the painting to the front of the side, and became a new painting method-broken belt painting, which was used to express the slope stones along the Taihu Lake, thus completing the typical style characteristics of Ni.

People in the Northern Song Dynasty listed him with Li Cheng and Fan Kuan as "three outstanding men", which had a great influence.

Life background At the end of the Tang Dynasty, due to the failure of the suppression of the Huang Chao Uprising, the separatist situation in the buffer region became more serious. After the overthrow of the Tang regime, the five dynasties and ten countries split, which was a continuation of the separatist regime of the buffer region. Five Dynasties and Ten Countries: The Yellow River valley, with Kaifeng as its capital (once in Luoyang), has five dynasties (Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Zhou); There are ten countries scattered in the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, among which Xishu, Nantang and wuyue are more important. In addition, the northern Khitan established Liao State, and the Tangut established Xixia in the northwest. The emergence of new political centers in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries reflects the eastward movement and southward movement of economic centers all over the country and the growth of new economic factors, and also reflects the grim situation of foreign invasion.

Most of the fine arts of the Five Dynasties were created in Central Plains, West Sichuan and South China. In the Central Plains, due to the long-term war and the invasion of the Khitan, the production was seriously damaged, and it was not until the late Five Dynasties (Chai Rong in the later Zhou Dynasty) that it gradually settled down. Landscape painters in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty created magnificent and humanized landscapes, which is a great record in the history of ancient landscape painting. In this picture, it not only contains the praise of human labor creation, but also vividly marks the indispensable organizational structure role played by human activities. Just like a creative expression of beauty in painting theory, they all have the decisive factors of "feasibility, hope, habitability and swimability". Hao Jing, a landscape painter in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and his follower Guan Tong made great contributions to the development of China's landscape painting art and were one of the important painters in ancient times. Due to the exploration of the aesthetic connotation of landscape painting by contemporary landscape painters, they come to the landscape in person, travel long distances, sketch, summarize and refine after processing, thus establishing and maturing this type of panoramic landscape painting style. Guan Tong inherited and developed the Northern Landscape Painting School initiated by Hao Jing, and became a thousand-year-old master, worthy of being an outstanding painter of the next generation.

Since the Five Dynasties, landscape painting, as a unique style of China painting art, has also gained a solid position. Landscape painting, like flower-and-bird painting, has also become a powerful reference to show people's spiritual world. Jing, Guan, Dong, Ju and others have created real and touching artistic images and become excellent models in landscape painting.

The mountains and rivers he painted are very artistic. He studied Hao Jing in his early years and deliberately studied mechanics, and became famous in his later years. I like to be a cold forest in autumn mountains, a wild crossing in villages, a scholar in seclusion, a fish market and a hill, so that people who see it can feel at ease as if they are in a snowy day in Baqiao, and there is no longer a city that resists worldly customs. The brushwork is simple and vigorous, with strong momentum, solid stone body, steep peaks, lush trees and lush branches. It is called "Guanjia Landscape" and is also called "Jing Guan" with Hao Jing.

Overview of Works Guan Tong's handed down works include Waiting for the Crossing, Waiting for the Crossing in the Mountain Stream, Traveling in Guanshan and so on. Most of the shots are majestic mountains and deep mountains, with rich composition and real images.

Introduction to the work "Waiting for Crossing" has distinctive northern characteristics, with towering peaks and great momentum; The distant mountains are shrouded in clouds and deep artistic conception. Guan Tong's paintings are bold and unrestrained in borrowing momentum and conception. In this picture, the main peak of the mountain is suddenly surrounded by dangers, and the mountain stands upright, occupying 1/2 of the whole picture, which is quite stable. This composition is common in early ancient landscape paintings, and the most taboo is the symmetry of the scenery. The author arranges the main mountain on the upper right side of the picture, and other heavy scenes are concentrated on the lower left side of the picture, achieving the effect of balancing changes, seeking danger in stability, taking piers from steep pull and making the whole picture full. The towering mountains in the painting stand tall, the stone is firm, the weather is vigorous and desolate, and the pen is vigorous and powerful, showing the solid texture of the rock. The painted tree has branches and no stems, and the pen is simple and old. Similar to the Song people who thought that Guanshan landscape "sits on a dangerous peak and overlooks the poor valley, and stands out from the crowd and can achieve it in one stroke".

It can be inferred from the inscriptions of many famous artists on the other axis that this painting "Guan Tong Waiting for the Crossing" depicts a beautiful evening scene at sunset. Early landscape paintings often put characters in mountains and rivers, and expressed the theme appropriately with simple plots. The picture of Waiting for Crossing the River is compact in composition, concise and powerful in connection, profound in scenery and rich in changes in reality and reality, and interspersed with scenes of people waiting for crossing the river by the waterfront, making the picture more vivid. Five people waiting to cross the shore greeted each other and waited eagerly for the ship to dock. People seem to have just arrived at the shore, and haven't had time to unload the burden on their shoulders. A boatman in a hat bent down and struggled on the pole, and the boat rowed straight to the shore. On the other hand, the pavilions built by the mountains are hidden from each other, attracting many literati. It seems that those who are waiting to cross the river are also trying to get back to the pavilions. The echo of the characters and scenes in this place is full of the taste of simple mountain life and gives the landscape a strong human touch. It shows Guan Tong's ability to control complex landscapes, layout and composition, and depicts vivid artistic expression.

The travel map of Guanshan in the Five Dynasties is collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. The Guanshan silk edition is in ink and wash 144.4 cm, with a horizontal dimension of 56.8 cm.

Guan Tong, also known as Tong or Tong, is from Chang 'an. He painted landscapes, studied mechanics under Hao Jing, and became his own family. At that time, it was called "the official landscape". His landscape brushwork is simple and vigorous, and his scenery is broad and meaningful. He is as famous as Li Cheng and Fan Kuan, and was praised as "Three Scenes" in the Northern Song Dynasty. Guan Shan Travel Map is Guan Tong's masterpiece. This is a magnificent picture, with mountains and mountains, ancient temples hidden in deep valleys and dense forests, and Banqiao huts nearby, with tourists and merchants like clouds and chickens and dogs singing, which is a good picture of a harmonious life. The scenery of this painting is both "high" and "flat". The tree has branches and no stems, the pen is simple and vigorous, and the thickness is intermittent. The pen goes from heart to heart, and the scene blends. In addition, the painter's ink stains are vivid, and Mo Yun is ups and downs, which shows the profoundness of Guanshan landscape painting.

"Autumn Mountain Late in Cui Tu" is a silk book written by Guan Tong in the Five Dynasties, with light color, vertical140.5cm and horizontal 57.3cm.. It is collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Guan Tong, who studied under Hao Jing, has a bad reputation. People call his landscape features "hard rocks, lush trees, antique pavilions, carefree people", and sometimes it is called "official landscape". He and Hao Jing are the founders of the Northern Landscape Painting School, also known as "wait and see". The main peak in the middle of the picture is steep, with cold forests and autumn trees in the mountains and streams, and waterfalls winding down with great momentum. There is no money on the painting, but there is an inscription by Wang Duo in Ming Dynasty on the side, which is designated as "Guan Tong's true pen" and praised as "broad and profound, strong and vigorous" and "magnificent, surpassing pen and ink". The painting has half a seal of the inspector of the Ming Dynasty, as well as the collection seals such as "Secret Garden" and "Treasure of Qianlong Magnolia" recorded in the First Edition of Shiqu Treasures.