2. In the Song Dynasty, Basiluo's influence was growing. With Tang Cheng in Qing Dynasty (now Xining) as the center, the local government of Zongluo with Tubo as the main body was established in the areas of He, Huang and Tao, and the minister belonged to Song Dynasty. Chongning for three years (1 103), Shanshan was changed to Xining in Song Dynasty, which was the beginning of Xining.
3. In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1227), Genghis Khan marched into Taohe and Xining, and the eastern part of Qinghai was incorporated into the territory of the Mongolian khanate. At the beginning of Kublai Khan's accession to the throne, he set up Marshal House in Hezhou to publicize Tubo and other places and govern Tubo tribes in Qinghai and Gansu.
4. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (1 1 1), the Han army conquered the Hehuang Qiang people, set up a "captain to protect Qiang" in Huangzhong, and began to build Xiping Pavilion (now Xining City). From then on, the Han Dynasty began to control the eastern part of Qinghai.
5. During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liang Qian, Qianqin, Hou Liang, Nanliang, Xiqin, Xixia and Beiliang successively ruled Hehuang area in Qinghai.
Extended data
I. The origin of the name
It is named after Qinghai Lake, the largest inland saltwater lake in China. Tang and Song belong to Tubo; In the Yuan Dynasty, its land was under the jurisdiction of Yuan; The Ming Dynasty belonged to Doan Dusi, etc. Wei Zang in the early Qing Dynasty was later divided into Xining Minister, also known as Qinghai Minister, which was the beginning of Qinghai's name. At the beginning of the Republic of China, Qinghai was established as the chief executive, then as the ambassador of Ninghai Town, Gansu Province, and then Qinghai Province was established. The name of the province has not changed so far.
Second, the evolution of the organizational system
1. In the late Paleolithic period, the ancestors of Qinghai lived in today's Qaidam Basin and Kunlun Mountain.
2. There were more than 150 Qiang tribes in Qin and Han dynasties, and each tribe had a leader, who lived a nomadic life with low productivity and belonged to a primitive social form.
3. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (1 1 1), the Han army conquered Hehuang Qiang people, set up a "captain to protect Qiang" in Huangzhong, and began to build Xiping Pavilion (now Xining City). From then on, the Han Dynasty began to control the eastern part of Qinghai.
At the beginning of the 4th century, Tuyuhun people moved to Gan Qing, and then developed to Qinghai, and established Tuyuhun country. During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liang Qian, Qianqin, Hou Liang, Nanliang, Xiqin, Xixia and Beiliang successively ruled Hehuang area in Qinghai.
5. After the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, Tubo moved further eastward and controlled Qinghai for nearly 200 years. At the end of the Tang dynasty, "taste" once controlled Hehuang area. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Tibetan tribes in Qinghai were scattered and no longer unified.
6. In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1227), Genghis Khan marched into Taohe and Xining, and the eastern part of Qinghai was incorporated into the territory of the Mongolian khanate.
7. In the early Ming Dynasty, local officials and people participated in politics in eastern Qinghai.
8./kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, Heshuote, one of the four Mongolian departments in Errut, moved to Qinghai, and once became a nation that ruled Qinghai.
9. In the Republic of China 17 (1928), on September 5, Nanjing National Government decided to build Qinghai Province and set up Xining. In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), Qinghai Province was formally established.
10,1September 5, 949, Xining was liberated.
On September 26th, 1 1, 1949 Qinghai Provincial People's Military and Political Committee was proclaimed.
12, 1950 65438+ 10/0, Qinghai provincial people's government was formally established, with Xining as its capital.
Third, local customs.
Different nationalities in Qinghai have different cultural traditions. Qinghai has ancient cultural sites of the Old, Middle and Neolithic Age; Numerous religious buildings; Cultural relics of past dynasties; Animal rock paintings and religious rock paintings; Melodious folk song "Flower", unrestrained Tibetan songs and dances, lyrical and beautiful Turkish folk dances "Zhao An" and "Nadun"; Folk Buddhist painting "Regong Art", Tibetan scroll painting "Thangka Art" and butter carving art; Unique folk embroidery.
1, non-legacy
Qinghai is the hometown of Hua 'er, Hehuang Hua 'er is the soul of Northwest Hua 'er, which is an intangible cultural heritage and one of the famous songs in ethnic areas. Traditionally, flowers are held in April, May and June of the lunar calendar before the autumn harvest season. The duration is four to five days, and the holding time varies from place to place. The venue is equipped with a challenge ring to hold a singer contest. Locals can also climb mountains, sing songs and improvise any topic.
2. Important festivals
(1) Lantern Festival: Tibetan calendar 1465438+20091On October 25th, a great master Zong Kaba passed away in Gandan Temple. Later, on this day every year, every household in the whole Tibetan area will light a lamp to commemorate this great Buddhist leader.
(2) The Tus Bobo Festival: an important festival of the Tus. Every year, on February 2nd, March 3rd and April 8th of the lunar calendar, god-jumping activities are held for the purpose of blessing.
(3) Holy Day: Islamic Calendar 12. According to legend, Muhammad was born and died on this day, which is one of the three major festivals in Islam, as well as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.
(4) Regong June Festival: The June Festival is held every year from June 6438 to July 25 of the lunar calendar, which is a unique traditional culture of Tibetan villages in Tongren County, Qinghai Province. The activity is a combination of religion, sacrifice and entertainment, centering on grand group dance.
3. Food culture
(1) Qinghai's food tastes have strong plateau characteristics and ethnic styles, and the color, fragrance, taste and shape are integrated into the ancient customs and frontier customs of various ethnic groups. Even some delicacies originating from the mainland have been created and improved in Qinghai, with a strong plateau flavor.
(2) Qinghai specialty foods include hand-grabbed meat, mutton kebabs, noodles, steamed buns, mutton soup, suspenders, dried fish, sausage noodles and beef jerky.
(3) Qinghai people like to add tea and highland barley wine to their drinks. There are three kinds of desserts: stuffed skin, yogurt and candied fruit.
Fourth, celebrities
1, politician
(1) In the early Warring States period, the Qiang people in Hehuang area did not have Yi Jian, and the leader of Nanliang was bald and lonely, while the leaders of Tuguhun were Tuguhun, Shu Luo Gan and Aji, the founder of the Tibetan regime in Song Zongluo, Zhang Wenren, a scholar in Ming Dynasty, Gu Shihan, the leader of Elut Mongolia in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and Yang Yingju, a minister in Qing Dynasty.
(2) The 14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso (1934 ~) was born in a Tibetan peasant family in Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province. 1949 after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Dalai XIV sent a delegation to Beijing. Negotiations were held with representatives of the Central People's Government, and agreement 17 was signed. Tibet was peacefully liberated and returned to the big family of the motherland.
2. Military generals
(1) Famous military strategist in the Western Han Dynasty, Huo Qubing in the Western Han Dynasty, Deng Xun in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Chang Zhi and Ge with black teeth in the Tang Dynasty, servant of buy buy in Upper buy buy among the Tubo generals, on fear of heat, He Guan and Gao Yongnian in the Northern Song Dynasty, military commanders in the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Su Lyman in Xining, king of the Ming Dynasty.
3. Literary circles
(1) Bashijia Lozhejianzan, a linguist and leader of the Sakya Sect of Tibetan Lama in Yuan Dynasty, Qujima, a famous writer, historian and Buddhist local official in Qing Dynasty, a monk, a famous Tibetan poet and writer in Qing Dynasty, Xiajiabachuo Zhou Renzhuo, and poets in Qing Dynasty such as Wu Mushi and Zhu Xiangfang.
Baidu encyclopedia-Qinghai