Jazz comes from blues, a folk music of African slaves and their descendants, who used to live in the southern United States. Bruce was deeply influenced by West African culture and music tradition, and these slaves gradually became black musicians who migrated to the city.
The real origin of jazz is poverty. 1865, the American civil war ended. In the past, black slaves were free, but their lives were still very difficult. Most of them can't read, and they only entertain themselves by the music cultivated in their native land. Singing labor trumpets and agricultural songs when picking cotton, singing hymns and hymns at church gatherings in apartheid, and improvising with banjo accompaniment by solo singers. In the church, the black priest adopted the English lead singing method to solve the problem of singing without words.
The standard form of concerts in the last century, that is, the music of military bands and dance bands at that time, influenced the earliest mainstream expression of jazz. These instruments: brass instruments, reed instruments and drums have become the basic instruments of jazz.
Go straight (straight)
The so-called mainstream jazz refers to all simple and straightforward jazz styles that are derived from the style of roaring music and have been passed down since roaring music appeared on the jazz stage 1945. This music style has always played an important role in the development of jazz, hence the name "mainstream jazz". To some extent, it also means positive and strong sustainable development. For example, the playing style of soloists and bands or the style of a piece of music. Therefore, we can understand that the mainstream jazz (roaring music) with such far-reaching influence and such a wide range will exist in every jazz style in the past, present and future with the evolution of the times, become a symbol of jazz and win glory for it.
Are there any Oscars for this type of important musicians? Oscar peterson, Ray? Ray Brown, Dave? Brubeck, Ahmed? Ahmed Jamal and Jerry? Gerry Mulligan and others.
Tavern Jazz (Caballe)
"Bistro Jazz" refers to jazz that was sung in clubs or bistros in the 1940s and 1950s. Programs are usually held in the evening, and performers on the stage attract the audience's attention with witty dialogues and love songs. Its famous example is the piano singer Bobby? Bobby short.
Work songs [/kloc-before 0/890]
Labor songs are ubiquitous in cotton fields, ports, railways and rural areas in the southern United States in the mid-Kloc-0/9th century. Labor songs are songs sung by hardworking slaves at work. This kind of songs are the emotional catharsis of the depressed life of slaves, and they are the media of entertainment and emotional communication. Proud slave owners often acquiesce in this activity because it can increase production. The form and rhythm of labor songs come from the hometown of black people in West Africa, and they echo each other with a musical style called call and response. Labor songs later became an important creative inspiration and theme of the early performance form of blues and jazz (bard performance).
Bruce [1890]
Blues music is an important element and source of inspiration for jazz creation. Blues are everywhere in every stage of jazz development, and the form and style of each song are formed in the process of singing. The score is very simple, just to provide a general idea for the singer. Bruce expresses the singer's personal reaction to some external environment or special situation.
Blues music can be divided into three categories: country blues, town blues and city blues.
Country blues is the original form of blues music: a singer plays the guitar and sings while playing; Later, the singer sang with the accompaniment of string band and "Pottery Band". The string band consists of violin, guitar, banjo, mandolin and double bass. The band "Pottery Pot" consists of ordinary pottery pots, banjo, accordion, mandolin, kazudi and ordinary washboard. In the twenties and thirties, town blues was sung by female singers, accompanied by piano and band, which was not as rough as country blues. Urban blues became popular after the 1940s, accompanied by electric guitars, electric bass, percussion instruments and brass instruments.
Representative musicians in the later period of this kind of music are: john lee hooker, Joe Williams, Little Wells, BB King, Luther "Guitar" Qiang Sen and Lillian Porter.
Ragtime [1890]
Random beat music is an early jazz music, which uses black melody, syncopation, cyclic theme and distorted phrases. It originated around 1890 and prevailed around the First World War. It originated in St. Louis and New Orleans, and later became popular in the southern and midwest of the United States. Finally, beat music disappeared into the so-called "hot" noisy traditional jazz in New Orleans in the 1920s.
Pianists, pioneers of early prose music: Scott Joplin, Tom. James Turpin. Get out of the way, Artie. Matthews and others. You can find the unique core elements of jazz-improvisation and irregular phrases. They all appear in the form of gait, but the title is' rag' (broken phrase), for example; William H.Krell, a white composer, published the first historical leisure music (Mississippi Rag) in 1897, the original Rag published in scott Jopling in 1989, the famous classic (Maple Leaf Rag) and Harlem Rag composed by Tom Dubin (65438).
In the early days of jazz, apart from gait dance, leisure music also developed into a combination of pop music, marches, waltzes and other popular dances, including leisure music songs, instrumental solos and orchestral programs. To 19 17, white Dixie? The first Dixie recorded by the original Dixieland jazz band? After jazz records, their music style swept the United States in a short time, causing a sensation. As a pioneer, beat music is gradually retiring from the mainstream jazz stage. /kloc-a "big step" that transformed into a piano solo style in the 1920s appeared in James. Johnson, Fats Waller and william smith the Lion. In the middle and late forties, fifties and seventies, it was briefly restored by some interested jazz musicians. The random beat music of 100, which is closely combined with jazz, seems to be unable to create the glorious and great era of the past.
New Orleans Jazz [19 16]
Just like the origin of many other art forms, the origin and development of jazz evolved into a more mature music form at the beginning of the twentieth century after decades of cultivation and growth in the nineteenth century, and entered the music stage centered on New Orleans with a more widely accepted and popular attitude, becoming a symbol of American culture.
The traditional jazz in New Orleans, which happened around the First World War, is as complicated as a melting pot of a nation and culture in the United States: it is composed of homophonic music elements such as hymns, river lake singing performances and rags, with counterpoint and syncopation as the main dynamic elements of music creation, combined with a large number of solos, impromptu decorative performances and the core of rewriting melody. The early traditional jazz teams in New Orleans were mainly small groups, and the instruments playing the main theme were: trumpet, clarinet, saxophone and trombone; Accompaniment instruments are: tuba, turtledove, bass (mainly plucked), violin, piano and drum. They often play counterpoint with multiple voices at the same time to create a lively atmosphere and musical style. The representative figures and orchestras of early New Orleans traditional jazz include Creole jazz band led by Oliver the King, red hot chili peppers led by Rhythm King of New Orleans and Jelly Roll Morton, and louis armstrong.
Dixieland (Dixie? Jazz) [19 17]
Dixie? Jazz is an early jazz style developed by jazz musicians in New Orleans and Chicago from 19 17 to 1923. It was rediscovered by some advocates in the late 1930s and revived for some time. In short, Dixie? Jazz is a branch of traditional jazz in New Orleans. The English meaning of "Dixieland" is "Dixieland", a military camp. This word first appeared in 1859 in the Colonial Song and Dance by Mr. Dan Emmett, so we can know: Dixie? Jazz is related to marches, minstrels and other music, the first famous piece of which is 1860' s Pocahontas in the Wind. By the 19 10 era, jazz bands playing this style had developed into small groups. Most of the themes of their works come from blues, marches, pop songs at that time, and even a rag of a certain piece of music can be extended and developed, which is the initial improvisation. Dixie? The main theme of jazz is usually played by trumpet, clarinet and trombone, accompanied by piano, guitar, turtledove, tuba, bass and drum.
Some jazz historians classify the traditional New Orleans jazz played by "white" musicians in that era as Dixie? Jazz, the traditional jazz of New Orleans is played by blacks, which is the traditional jazz of New Orleans. In fact, it is difficult and unnecessary to subdivide these two jazz styles technically and essentially, because these two styles refer to the same genre, and the difference is only because of' people'.
Swing [1935]
Swing music originated around 1930, and its brilliance was between 1935- 1946, which was precisely defined by Benny, the king of swing music. Some recordings of Goodman sextet in 1935. In the middle and late 1920s, jazz was very popular in nightclubs, dance halls and other entertainment places in major American cities. These places attract a large number of young fans and dancers to spend and enjoy, and need more jazz and swing music adapted from TinPanAlley suitable for the dance platform (four beats) to meet the crowd of young and middle-class fans. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that swing music originates from commercial needs, while jazz is entertaining. Swing music later evolved into an accompaniment team (a bit like a dance band) and a "concert" band, such as Duke Ellington, which began to perform regularly in Carnegie Hall every year in the mid-1940s. Swing music is suitable for dancing, and there are four beats in each bar. So some scholars call it "four-beat jazz". 1930- 1935 when swing music was not finalized, jazz bands with this type of tendency gradually changed in the use of rhythmic instruments: tuba was replaced by double bass, turtledove was replaced by rhythmic guitar, and the basic rhythm pulse changed from drums to "riding cymbals" or "riding symphonies". The traditional jazz performed in the harmony rhythm part is light and lively, and sometimes four beats per bar are subdivided into double beats; Soloists are required and expected to have more autonomy to improvise solo melodies in order to be able to transcend the ever-changing rhythm. The important jazz artists in this period are: Coleman? Coleman Hawkins, Benny? Goodman and Johnny? Johnny hodges and Liszt? Yang; And previously neglected instruments can be upgraded to the same status as major instruments such as trumpet, clarinet and saxophone.
In the middle and late 1940s, swing music gradually declined, but some important elements of its rhythm were used in the rhythm and blues and rock music that appeared in 1950s. Although swing music has lost its glorious years, until the 1990s, its residual sense of rhythm relaxation and swing is still often sought after by its loyal followers.
Modern jazz [1945]
The so-called "modern jazz" refers to all jazz styles that appeared between the birth of roaring music in the mid-1940s and the 1960s. But it generally refers to roaring music and its later branches, such as Hard Bop and Funk. Besides, it doesn't include free jazz in the early 1960s.
Bebop or bop (roaring music) [1945]
As the name implies, roaring music is a kind of noisy jazz, and its original English name is Bop, Bebop or Rebop. In the early days of Bebop in the 1940s, all three names were used. Among them, Rebop may have originated from the song "Criing" played by some bands in Latin America, but no one used it to describe this American jazz that was born in the mid-1940s. In addition, Rebop may also come from Re-bop (or Be-bop) that imitates the two-syllable voice change of jazz singers, such as Lionel? Lionel hampton and Dick? Grisby once sang "Hey-Baba-Zaipop" in their works. Maybe Bebop (or Rebop) is a pronunciation, which comes from roaring music and often ends with "Bebop" (or Rebop) at the end of music. General jazz researchers often refer to all forms of roaring music from the mid-1940s to the 1960s as modern jazz (such as improved roaring bands, except free jazz).
The founder of Roaring Music is Charlie? Charlie Parker, Dick? Grisby and West Ronnies? Monk (thelonious monk) and others, such as bud? Bud Powell and Decatur? Dexter Gordon was also an important and representative musician in this period.
Cool jazz [1948]
Nothing can be created out of nothing, it always has an origin and a brewing period. The origin and birth of various genres of jazz did not suddenly "jump out" from the cracks in the stone, but had a step-by-step development process.
Cool jazz, usually 1949- 1950, trumpeter Mayer? The music style represented by the album "The Birth of the Cool" recorded by Miles Davis, a nine-piece band, instantly changed the mainstream jazz style from Bop to another opposite direction, from hot to cold. This reversal of 180 degrees is a historic milestone. However, wasn't Meyer the first pioneer to play the "overture" of Cool Jazz? Davis, when 1947, the famous spokesman of innovative jazz, Stan? Kenton became a piano/composer Lenny when he directed his orchestra to record an avant-garde work "Collaboration" with cool style (not roaring music). When Lennie Tristano took a song "Coolin 'offwith Ulanov" as a historic "overture" under the cool jazz music spectrum, Mayer? Is Davis still just the roaring king, baritone saxophonist Charlie? The new Parker band. Lenny. Terry Stano is rigorous? Lyric simple touch almost touched its core, immature time and slow sales record hindered Terry Stano's confidence to move forward. Two years later, this groundbreaking opportunity was given to Meyer? Davis took it. Davis blew the main law of cool jazz with his fresh trumpet solo style, and officially announced to the jazz world that "a new sound" has arrived with an accurate and mature definition. If Davis is the "mother" of Cool Jazz, there is no doubt that Terry Stano is the "midwife"; Further, Bis, a talented trumpeter who died as early as the 1920s? Bedbeck and Liszt in the 1930s? Yang's solo music style seems to be called Midwifery Nurse.
Other cool jazz musicians are: Li? Lee Koenigs, Jill, Ivins Orchestra, Attila? Attila Zoller.
Funk [1955]
Funk jazz is a branch of improved roaring music. The word "funk" was originally a vulgar slang for black people, implying female genitalia. It was first mentioned by the pianist Horace in 1953? The name of one of Horace Silver's songs is Opstad Fink. Horace Silver's other works of this kind include Missionary, Graffiti, Mr. Bruce and Song for My Father. Besides, cannon? Shells Adley, South? Nat Adderley's classic song Work Song is also a representative work of jazz. Other representative artists are: art? Breakey, Ray? Ray anderson and the blue box. In the seventies and eighties, Fang Fang's development was based on blues and blues, but the musical instruments seemed to be transferred to saxophone, such as Dave? Dave sanborn, the early Grover? Grover Washington, Jr. and others are masters of sub-styles.
Hard Bop (enhanced roaring music) [1955]
Like most art forms, the development of jazz is gradually from one style to another, from an old fashion to another new fashion. In the mid-1950s, when many people felt helpless and tired of the cool jazz that made people sleepy, a jazz force "improved roaring music" was born. Because of its timely appearance, it not only filled the music gap left by Cool, but also gave a shot in the arm to the weak jazz world, and even avenged the roaring music that was once pushed off the mainstream stage by Cool. The improved roaring music is temporary.
The Chinese meaning of improved roaring music is a strong, tense and difficult jazz style. At first, its representative musicians and groups were the quintet group "Jazz Messenger" led by drummer Art blackie (the cradle and training camp of Roaring Camp in Jazz Messenger in 1950s and 1960s) and the Max Roach-Clifford Brown quintet. Some people translate "hard Bop" into "hard roar music" or "pure roar music" After thinking about the background and musical characteristics of this type of music style, the author thinks that the translation of the former is still marginal, while the latter is completely irrelevant. Basically, the musicians who invented the hard Bop used to be in Charlie? Puckle, Dick. Grisby's roaring band succeeded. Although the descendants of these roaring music have retained strong roaring elements in their new music, they have been modified into a form that is more acceptable to fans. It's still noisy, but it's not as noisy as Charlie, is it? Parker and Dick. Grice has more complex harmonies and extremely harsh triads. Hard Bop has more harmonious timbre, clearer melody, easier playing range, less impromptu solo and larger circulation. Furthermore, Hard Bop added a lot of blues melody, church hymns and harmony, with special emphasis on the rhythm and pulsation of drums (because many leading figures are drummers), and played louder. More expressive and layered; Although the piano touches the keys lightly, it still has a sense of rhythm; Bass sounds smoother. So Hard bop's Chinese should be translated into "improved roaring music", which seems closer to the original intention. Most of the improved growlers in the 1950s and 1960s came from black musicians in Detroit and Philadelphia. The former includes Berry? Barry Harris, Tommy? Tommy flanagan; The latter has Li? Lee Morgan, Mequez? Max Roach and others.
Free jazz and avant-garde jazz [1960]
Free jazz is free jazz, and jazz critic Dom heckman once described it as "action jazz". But it is not widely adopted; In the mid-1970s, a derivative of this type of music appeared in new york-attic jazz, which was often played in the attic. Obviously, jazz freedom is based on its founder Ernie? Ornette coleman recorded the album Jazz Freedom on 1960. During the same period, representatives also included Sil? Cecil Taylor and Albert? Albert Eller and others, later advocated by John? Kokawa. Therefore, free jazz is also called "avant-garde jazz" or "new thing". In short, free jazz is a form of music that abandons the chord structure of jazz before and re-establishes its own loose and free collective improvisation. It is usually not limited to tone, but uses a certain mode to locate the direction of a multi-modal improvisation, but does not follow the script, does not repeat sentences, and changes the speed of speech. The musical style expressed in this way is often mixed with the cry of human voices, the wailing of trumpet or saxophone instruments, and the chaotic multi-directional drums or bass.
Jazz rock and fusion [1970]
Rock jazz specifically refers to Mayer? As far as the jazz style initiated by Davis in the middle and late 1960s is concerned. In the middle and late 1960s, the modern jazz stage with roaring music as the main body still had some followers, but its fans had obviously lost. The prevailing free jazz is full of difficulties and controversies, and its influence is not only in Europe, but also in Europe. Most of Herman's American compatriots don't buy his account. Elvis Presley Elvis Presley and the new king of rock and roll (the Beatles) are shaking their heads there, eating away at jazz territory. When did the most popular black music become soul music, electronic blues and even rock music? Is jazz really dead? ! These knots existed in the hearts of many jazz musicians and fans at that time, and finally, in Meyer? Davis decided to join them if he couldn't beat them as a strategy. 1969 released two successful albums, Ina Silent Way and Bitches Brew, which combined rock rhythm, electronic instruments and jazz, and got the correct answer.
Meyer? Davis's rock jazz group also brings out musicians who will play an important role in jazz music in the future, such as: Jihua musician John? Maclaurin, the keyboard player? Chick Corea and saxophonist Wayne? Wayne short. Soon, Mel? Davis's group collapsed and members went their separate ways, such as John? Maclaurin's "Great Vishnu Band" band, Qi? Back to Forever, Joe ZaVinourd and Wayne? Short's {Weather Report }{Weather Report} are all famous fusion jazz bands. In the 1970s, their music blended soul music, folk songs and Latin jazz, which was the so-called "second wave jazz fusion era". Other representatives are Philip? Philip Catherine, Billy? Ke Ben, Weiner? Wayne kranz, spy, Renee? Renee stern.
Meyer? After the rock jazz style represented by Davis, it is the so-called "fusion jazz", or, does anyone know Meyer? After Davis's rock jazz style from the late 1960s to the 1980s, all styles related to this type are called jazz-rock fusion.
Postmodernism [1980]
Postmodernism (post? The word "modern" first appeared in some literary comments in the middle and late 1970s, and its extension in architecture refers to the modernist architectural creation concept of anti-rationality, rationality, machinery and lines, arteries and shapes.
Red Hat Records thinks: Like Cecil? Taylor was the pioneer of this music style in the 1950s and 1960s, George? George Groway will also become the new standard bearer in the 1980s and 1990s, while John Groway? John Zuo En is regarded by many fans and critics as one of the cutting-edge contemporary artists. So there was {postmodern jazz}. Have you ever heard of John? Zon's two albums "Message to Lulu" can be used to compare John? Have a deeper understanding of grace's style. In addition, his series of "Masada" recorded by DIW Records Company were also praised by fans.
Harlem jazz [1920]
Harlem jazz refers to the jazz style of the harlem renaissance movement in Harlem, new york, USA in the 1920s. During this period, the black self-awareness movement took the promotion of the inherent culture and spirit of the black tradition as its main appeal, especially in literature and art, which attracted the attention of the pioneers of this movement. But later it also extended to the field of jazz.
Large band [1930]
The era of big bands originated in the middle and late 1920s, when Duke Ellington and Benny? Goodman's jazz style not only prevailed in the mid-1930s and the swing period, but also roared at Le Di in the mid-40s. Dizzy gillespie, the cool jazz of the 1950s, Jill? Free jazz Ivins in the 60 s, sun Ra, jazz rock and fusion music in the 70 s? Eells, Mena? Maynard Ferguson and Klaus in the' 80s? It can be found in Klaus Koenig's postmodern roaring music. Other famous big bands are: Conte? Bessie and Jill? Groups led by Ivins and others; It can be said that the big band is an eternal symbol in jazz. The establishment of a big orchestra is generally 10 or more, and the instruments covered are: more than 3 trumpets, more than 2 trombones, and more than 4 saxophones (the above instruments can also be divided into several, if the establishment is large enough; Other bands will add clarinet as the main melody part, such as Benny? Goodman Orchestra); Accompaniment or rhythm instruments include: piano, guitar, bass, drums and other stringed instruments.
Because the formation and development of big orchestras overlap with the swing music of 1935- 1946 to some extent, many music critics and fans often confuse the two, which is really an oversight. Simply put, a big band is a band organization. Through this huge group, it can play any jazz style arrangement. Of course, swing music is only one possibility (perhaps, some people will say that big bands play swing music to make people feel more swing, but it turns out that some later small bands (Combo) can also swing well, such as Benny? Goodman's sextet); Another difference is that swing is effective for rigorous rhythm and more impromptu solo, while early big band solos are more limited and swing less. Other scholars classify big bands as "swing bands" or "hit bands", such as Duke Ellington and Kong Di? The early big bands led by Bessie, and the "Swell Band" such as Glenn? A big band led by Glenn Miller. The so-called swing, hot and sweet are just to distinguish the differences in details represented by these bands, which has no special significance, because they all point to the same theme: big band jazz.
R & ampb (rhythm and blues) [1940]
In short, Rhythm and Blues appeared as early as the early 1950s &; R (in charge of artists and music selection) is used by managers and magazine columnists to describe a kind of pop music with strong rhythm, which originated from Harlem jazz and blues in the 1930s. After the word "rhythm and blues" was created, it quickly replaced the old word "racial record". The early representative of this musical style was Louis? Louis jourdan and Ray? See you later, Charles, ma 'am? Ms Bianca, Memphis Horn and Maria? Maria Maldo.
National jazz [1950]
In 1950s, "national jazz" was mainly used to guide American jazz combined with Latin music, but this term was later expanded to refer to all jazz with its own national music characteristics. The famous bands of this national jazz style are Arabs Rabin Abu Harriell and Maria? Maria Jo? o, South African Abdullah? Ibrahim Da Le? Abdullah Ibrahim-Dolebrand and the Hungarian Phelan with Brazilian style? Ferenc snell Berg.
Sir modal [1955]
Sir Modal was a cool trumpeter in the late 1950s? A form of jazz developed by miles davis, with unnatural scales (non-chords, such as those of Dorian, phrgaian and Spanish and Indian music) as the main creative source. Modal jazz is often mistaken for major and minor modes. Perhaps translating modal jazz into "formation jazz" or "phonological jazz" will not cause this confusion. This creative technique is often adopted by some musicians because it is easier to create in the mode of "chord progression". Moreover, it is easier for musicians to have a calm and thoughtful feeling because they can perform harmoniously freely. The first well-known song of mode jazz was Mayer? Davis recorded a landmark album of the same name for Columbia Records in 1958. This song is in the form of AABBA, and part A adopts Dorian mode in G key. Part b key-based wind mode. With Mayer Davis' footsteps, saxophone cannon? Andre and John? John Coltrane's further and freer creation of modal jazz, such as John Coltrane? Ke Chuan 1960 album Impression of the same name. Other important musicians are: Mike Michael Blake and McCaughey? McCoy Tyner.
Latin jazz [1960]
Latin jazz is a kind of music that combines the rhythm elements of Latin dance and percussion instruments in Cuba, Puerto Rico and South America with jazz improvisation. It is characterized by subdividing the beat into multiples of the double beat, abandoning the common rhythm of casual beat and rock jazz. In a compound continuous group sound, the stress falls irregularly in one or two bars. One of the simplest and most commonly used examples is the rhythm of Habanella or Danza.
60 generations, a lot of enthusiasm.