Some places will set up "Jianghu clubs" to help artists. For example, there was a Jianghu meeting of bouncing artists in the new houses in the late Qing Dynasty. Artists call it "at home" or "at the counter". Artists from other places or passing by have to "hang up the curtain" (register) at the meeting before they can arrange accommodation and performance venues. After artists earn money, they have to pay some. In addition to the leader of the Jianghu club, there are also "runners", who are the liaison between the Jianghu club and the art class. The runner took six "festival boards", one more than the average artist. Wear white rope, and ordinary artists wear red rope to show the difference. He has the right to interfere when he sees someone in a class breaking the rules or performing poorly. You can go to the scene and put your hand on the corner of the handkerchief and put it on the drum (the drummer is also kept in the dark, and the lyricist is awakened in the fan), or throw the big board and knot board among the audience, and the artists on the scene must stop performing immediately. When serving, make gestures first, such as offering tea and receiving tea. There are rules for placing tea bowls. The content of the dish ranges from Zhou Zhuang Wang and four disciples to three generations of mentoring, my name, origin and so on. If all the answers are answered, you can open the handkerchief or take back the bamboo board and allow the performance to continue. Artists call experts who know "Jianghu Dao" and "Jianghu dialect" CSI ",laymen" Kong Kong ",and artists who have no master or portal are called" Christina Leg ".

Folk artists who travel all over the rivers and lakes play and sing touching songs.

Miao Runba described six kinds of songs in his book Miscellaneous Notes with Beijing published in Guangxu four years (1878). In the fourth year of Guangxu, the ancestral tablet of "Jianghu Trip" was erected in Laojuntang, Xiaodongguan, Shenyang (the original tablet was destroyed, and only two rubbings were collected in Liaoning Provincial Museum), and the positive side was the reason for erecting the tablet. There are three characters "Jianghu trip" on the back. The first line is engraved with five artistic forms: "Comment on Ci, Changing Color, Octagonal Drum, Big Drum, Black Book" (except for changing color into folk tricks, they are all popular songs). Then arrange the names of artists, a total of 48 people. Finally, there are 20 managers (mostly artists) and abbots and monks. This is the precious material of Shenyang Quyi in the late Qing Dynasty. The following will briefly describe the main songs that can be found in the historical documents.

Artist wardrobe box

The artists in the tablet are not arranged by industry, so I don't know who is in each industry. Starting from 1980, the researchers visited the old artists, searched the literature, and verified the artists of all walks of life as follows:

There are thirteen lyricists. Niu Ruiquan, the fifth generation descendant of Beijing storytelling, a disciple of Ke Tingran, is one of the "Nine Ruis" and often says "loyalty". Dai Deshun, a disciple of Niu Ruiquan, the sixth generation descendant of Beijing storytelling, is one of the "Eighteen Masters". His name is Dai. When Guangxu came to perform in Shenyang in the early years, he often said books such as The Great Sui and Tang Dynasties. He set up another portal in Shenyang to recruit disciples, and changed the words "knowledge, understanding, tolerance and Zeng" in our college after the seventh generation to "Yue". Chen Yuexian in the monument is his great disciple. "German" artists include Lan Dejun, Xu Dechun and Zhang Decheng. Feng Wanchun, the sixth generation descendant of Beijing storytelling, is one of the "40,000" and has four lines. He is Bai's disciple. Feng Wanchun once received Fengxiang and Hou in Shenyang. Wu Yongchun and He Han are all disciples of Tianqiao artist Antaihe (stage name "Monkey An", especially The Journey to the West). The words "forever, yes, Tao and friend" are circulating in our school. According to Bai Wanming, an old crosstalk artist before his death, "I met Zhang Yongfu. He said that Journey to the West is like a monkey. " Also, in the book "Misty Waves", it is said that Beijing is a young man who came to Fengtian. It is said that there are two sentences, "Zhao Wendong is good, and Han's comments are south of the Drum Tower", which are also found in Zhao Wendong's monument. In the book "A Brief Introduction to the Capital" in the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), it is recorded: "The storytelling hall: the exit is like Kunming, dumb but not south, Zhao Wen (smells) east, in front of the stone market." This person once performed in Hongtaixuan, a stone city in Shenyang, and Han told a story in Shengxuan Tea House in Nankui, Gulou, Shenyang.

During the Republic of China, there were many shops and tea gardens in Shenyang Middle Street.

Twelve Fengtian drummers. Che Debao (1862— 1935) is also a famous car. He sings Heizai's book first, and then Fengtian Drum. At that time, it was as famous as Men Zhenbang, and there was a saying called "Say yes, Che Debao; To say waves, count the doorframes. In his later years, he switched to telling stories. Zhao Bi (1855-? ) Jinxian County people, Fengtian. Sing black boy first, then sing Fengtian drum. At the age of fifty-three, he took the Shenyang Drum Book Researcher Examination, ranking fourth in Grade A ... Jiang Rui also sang Heizai's book first, and then sang Fengtian Drum. 19 14, 56-year-old Jiang Rui took the Shenyang drum book researcher exam and was a B-level researcher. Artists with the word "De" are Hou Deyou, Li Yukuan, who are the fifth generation descendants of the Fengmian Drum and Plum Family (this family has ten characters of "Xing, Long, Cheng, Kui, Yu, Shan, He, Jiang, Hai and Hu", which were the first five generations of artists in Qing Dynasty). In addition, there are Zuo, Xiao Fengshan (both storytelling artists and Xihe drum artists have the word "phoenix"), Guo Qinghe and Zhang Fu (there are two Zhang Fu in the monument, and one is a juggler). Ha Shurui and Zhang Shuling are both jugglers.

Laoting drum artists include Yang Jiuchang (1840— 19 13), a native of Luanxian County, Hebei Province, who went to Shenyang to perform during Guangxu period. His life is recorded in the Hebei volume of China Quyi. Octagonal drum artists include Wang Tai. This man later went to Fuyu County, Jilin Province to perform. 19 13, Fengtian model storytelling hall was founded by Fengtian Education Department and belongs to Pinghua Drum Research Association. While recruiting researchers, we will print ancient and modern songbooks for artists to sing, promote national culture and advocate changing customs. This seminar is different from the Jianghu tour in the pre-Qin period. It is no longer a guild organization of Quyi artists, but a new organization to study Quyi art and cultivate Quyi artists. At that time, no fewer than 200 artists applied. 1965438+On March 30th, 2004, the researcher of the first phase of Pingci Ancient Books Research Association expired, and 55 people including Ma Yueqing obtained the grade certificate. On April 5 of the same year, Fengtian Bulletin published the grade and score table of researchers' grades in drum book review.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, artists peddled artworks in the streets.

There are 2 1 critics, including Ma Yueqing, Jia Shengqi, He and Zhang Xuanxiang. There are 9 people in Class B, including Li Qingyang, Gu, De Zhiyuan, Zhao Qingnian, Zhang, Zheng, Cui Chunyu and Lin. Class C includes 7 people including Song Yunshan, Song Tengming, Gan Qingyu, Wang Fengqi, Jin Qingzhi, Ching-Ho Wang and Sun Shengjiu. In terms of age, there are 3 people over 50 years old, 1 person over 20 years old, and the rest are middle-aged actors in their thirties and forties. Judging from the place of origin, fourteen people are from Fengtian (including eleven from Shenyang County) and seven are from Zhili. This shows that local actors account for the majority. At that time, there were the most artists with the word "Qing", which was called "18th Celebration". There were six people on the above list. There are also two artists, Sheng, Zhi and Feng. There are thirty-four drum book researchers. A-level 9 people, including,, Ding Mou, Zhao Bi, Yuan Xianyong,, Ling, Zhang Wansheng and Liu. Class B 14, including, Chen Liansheng, Huang Laiming, Dong, Zeng, Li, Jun Baoshan, Zhang Baochen, Wang Desheng, Ma Jingshun and He Qingzhen. Class C includes Yin Baofa, Wen, Che Debao (Bao), Hu, Chen Zhongshan, Fei Hengxiang, He, Li Shutang, Yang and Wang Jiude1person.

Characteristics of Clothing Design in Qing Palace Opera

In terms of age, there are 1 person who is 60 years old, 8 people who are over 50 years old, 3 people who are under 27 years old, and the rest are middle-aged actors in their thirties and forties. In terms of their native place, there are 30 people in Fengtian (including 16 people in Shenyang County) and 4 people in Zhili (including Pinggu, Baodi and Laoting) Wang Xianzhang (1854— 1932), the number one, is a pinggu tune artist. The second-ranked Fengtian drummer scored the same as Wang, but only because he was younger than Wang. Most of the above 34 people are Fengtian drum artists.

192 1 year, Fengtian Pingci Research Association was established with Li Qingkui as its president. The following year, Pan Lai, president of Beiping storytelling research society, performed in Fengtian, and the two presidents exchanged calligraphy skills with Liang Dianyuan, a Beiping storytelling artist who had already performed in Fengtian.

1924, Fengtian improved calligraphy and Quchuan Society was established. However, due to the influence of the second direct service war, the society was forced to suspend classes and existed in name only. On May 22nd, 1925, eight representatives of Sichuan Opera Society, including Li Qingkui, Zeng Changsheng, Li Qingyang, Yang Rongsen, Ma, Zhao, Cheng Huamin and Zhao Bi, jointly submitted a petition to Zeng Youyi, Mayor of Fengtian, requesting the establishment of a research society for improving calligraphy and melody in Fengtian. Approved by the mayor, it was established in the same month. President and vice president Zeng. The research institute consists of four departments, namely, Yang Rongsen, director of comprehensive department, Zhao, director of research department, Zhang, director of investigation department and Liang Dianyuan, director of editorial department. Every department has some officials. The meeting site is located in Stone Town, Fengtian City (later moved to Fanhua Street in Daxiguan, and later moved to Jianxin Building in Dongximenbei Electric Vehicle Road). The association has formulated articles of association and rules for the management and banning of books and songs.

On March 1928, the Research Association was re-elected, with President Liang Dianyuan (Li Qingkui as the new president) and Vice President Huo Shutang. General Affairs Minister Bai Qisan, Editorial Minister Zhang, Research Minister Zhao and Picket Minister Ma. After the establishment of the appraisal department, Minister Guan Lingge. In June 65438+in the same year 10, Liang Dianyuan resigned and Li Qingkui became the president again.

1June, 925, the first batch of members of the association was 305; By the end of the year, the number had increased to 352. Including storytelling, drum, octagonal drum, bamboo board fast book, cross talk, foreign film artists, as well as a few opera and small film artists. 1927, the number of members increased to 529, and the new members included Xiaoqu, Kouji, Shuanghuang, Danxian and Yugu artists. On April 25th, 1929, the name of the club was changed to Shenyang Book and Music Research Association, and its membership increased to 869. By 1930, the number of members has exceeded 1000. Some of them are highly mobile. Shortly after joining the club, he left Shenyang and went to Changchun, Harbin and other places.

During the occupation of Northeast China, Quyi was classified as a "special industry" and was managed by police departments all over Manchuria. 194 1 year, the Red Protection Department of the Puppet Manchukuo formulated the Outline of Literature and Art, which stepped up the rule of fascist culture in Northeast China, vigorously advocated "Japanese-Manchu Goodwill" and "King Paradise", and forced local folk artists to join the "Advance Team of Writing Songs for China". Attract artists to serve the "advance team" under the condition of improper labor. At that time, in Fengtian and other places, the "advance team of books and songs serving the country" was established.

1945 "93" War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression victory, the northeast recovery. At the end of the same year, the Kuomintang occupied Shenyang. 1947, at the behest of Kuomintang authorities, Shenyang Quyi artists established Shenyang Art and Music Association. This guild, on the one hand, does not study art, and on the other hand, it does not train talents. Instead, the government collects taxes from artists through guilds.

1948165438+1October 2, Shenyang was liberated. 1949 65438+ 10, the Shenyang municipal government sent cadres to lead Shenyang Quyi and acrobatic artists and learn advanced experience from their counterparts in Harbin, an old district.

On March 8th, 1949, Shenyang Art and Music Association was established. The inaugural meeting was held in the popular cinema (later changed to the national cinema). At that time, banners and greetings were sent by the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Northeast Bureau, the Ministry of Culture of Northeast People's Government, the Northeast Federation of Literary and Art Circles and Northeast Lu Yi College. The famous musician Kyle was present to congratulate. The general assembly adopted the constitution of the Art Association and the proposal to ban bad books, periodicals and songs, and formed a leading body. Song, a storyteller, was elected as the president, and Huo Shutang, a drummer from Northeast China, and Zhang Shu, a drum player from Xihe River, were elected as the vice presidents. There are four departments: organization, publicity, research and general affairs. According to the art category, it is divided into eight groups: comment phrase, northeast drum group, Xihe drum group, chorus group, alley group (mobile artists who have no fixed place and string alley) and film group (including small movie, magic group and shadow play group). At the same time, a cross talk meeting was established. The first batch of members is 549. The government sent two cadres and one foreign document. The rest are part-time jobs. Sun Yat-sen Cinema was changed into a popular folk art club (later Taiyuan Street Small Theater). On May 7th, I moved here to work. After the establishment of the Art Association, some bad books and songs were suspended. Organize artists with higher cultural level to organize creation, and often send famous Quyi artists to various literary evenings. After turning over, the artists warmly welcomed the birth of the new China.