He has low intelligence, can read and recite, inherits Manchu martial arts tradition and is good at riding and shooting. He has certain attainments in calligraphy, painting and music. In the fifteenth year of Kangxi (Jinshi). Give a third-class bodyguard, seek a first-class promotion, and the military attache is the third product.
Nalan Xingde has been diligent in writing and practicing martial arts since childhood. /kloc-lost at the age of 0/8, and was given the life experience of Jinshi at the age of 22. He chose the third-class bodyguard, and later he was promoted to the first class to follow Kangxi. Kangxi usually didn't appreciate his talent. He was sent to Hulun, Heilongjiang Province to investigate the disturbing situation in Russia and comfort the Daur border people. There are Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty and Rhyme. Good at calligraphy, good at calligraphy and painting appreciation.
His wife Lu, the daughter of Lu Xingzu, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, gave a gift to a lady. After three years of marriage, his wife died. Ye Yuanli of Wujiang personally wrote an epitaph for her, then married an official and gave her a generous gift. My concubine, Yan, was later accepted as a concubine by Shen Wan in the south of the Yangtze River, and she wrote "Choosing Dreams" and "Charming My Husband" and died. When Nalan Xingde died, he was only thirty-one years old. He was buried in Zaoshitun, west of Beijing, where "a scholar lost weight and mourned the world". There are three sons and four daughters. A woman married a veteran Nian Gengyao.
Nalan Xingde made friends with Zhu Yizun, Gu Zhenguan, Jiang, Yan and other Han celebrities, and won a group of Han intellectuals for the Qing court to some extent. He wrote many works in his life: twenty volumes of Tong Tang Zhi Ji, four volumes of Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushui Pavilion, and A Brief History of Linz; Set "Yi Ji Yan" 80 volumes, "Chen Liji" 38 volumes; The compilation and selection of books such as Early Collection of Modern Ci, Notes of Famous Poets, Selected Works of All Tang Poems are amazing.
Nalan Xingde is famous for his poems. There are 349 existing poems, which are sad and stubborn and have the legacy of the late Tang Dynasty. The mourning poem is sincere and painful, and it is unbearable to read. Wang Guowei commented: "Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there was only one person." Zhu Zumou said that "there has been no such author for 800 years", and Tan Xianyun said that "it is important to be tolerant of others, and the lyrics are sad and sad, so people have his arms". At that time, it was widely rumored that "everyone was singing water words, and several people knew Nalan's heart". "Nalan Ci" spread to foreign countries, and the North Koreans said, "Who expected to see Liu Tuntian after Xiaofeng's waning moon?"
The first place of Nalan Ci is the side hat, and the second place is drinking water, which are now collectively called Nalan Ci.
Detailed introduction:
Nalan Xingde was born in Beijing on December 12th in the 11th year of Shunzhi (A.D.1655,65438+1October, 19). His father was the Pearl of the Prime Minister when Emperor Kangxi was in power, and his mother felt that Roche was the fifth daughter of Prince Archie of England, and Mrs. Yipin was ordered to be executed. His family, Nalan's, belonged to Huang Zhengqi, and was one of the eight surnames of Manchu in the early Qing Dynasty, and was later called Yehenala's. Nalan Xingde's great-grandfather was named Jin Taishi, whose real name was Ye Baylor, and his younger sister Meng Gu. In the 16th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Nalan Xingde married Nurhachi and gave birth to Prince Huang Taiji. Since then, the Nalan family has a very close relationship with the royal family. Therefore, it can be said that Nalan Xingde was arranged by fate into the family of emperors and nobles when he was born, and his life was doomed to be colorful. However, perhaps it is nature's trick, and Nalanxingde is just "although it is full of prosperity, it is not too restrained." Nothing is difficult in the world, only care about wealth, wealth and poverty. Being in the halls and mansions, I often think of mountains, rivers, fish and birds. "
Nalan Xingde was born in the twelfth lunar month and was called Dong Lang as a child. He has been very talented since he was a child, and he is obsessed with reading. He learned to ride and shoot when he was a few years old, and entered imperial academy at the age of 17. He was appreciated by Xu, who made a toast to imperial academy and recommended it to his younger brother, Xu, a bachelor of cabinet and assistant minister of does. Nalan Xingde 18 years old took the township entrance examination and the senior high school entrance examination in Shuntianfu. 65,438+09 years old, preparing to take the final exam, but unable to take the palace exam due to illness. In the next few years, he studied harder and worshipped Xu as a teacher. Under the guidance of a famous teacher, in two years, he presided over the compilation of a 1792 volume of "Confucian Collection-Tongzhitang Jingjie", which was appreciated by the emperor and laid the foundation for future development. He also recorded what he saw and heard in the process of studying the history of Confucian classics, and compiled a four-volume Miscellaneous Collection of Lushuiting in three or four years, covering history, geography, astronomy, calendar, Buddhism, music, literature, textual research and other aspects. It shows his extensive knowledge base and various hobbies.
When Nalan Xingde was 22 years old, he took the Jinshi exam again and got the seventh place in Dimethyl with excellent results. Emperor Kangxi granted him the position of third-class bodyguard, and later he was promoted to second class and then to first class. As a bodyguard around the emperor, he participated in romantic and gentle poems as a handsome and mighty military attache. He traveled around with the emperor, was ordered to participate in important strategic reconnaissance, recited poems and translated them with the emperor, and was awarded many times for his sacred will. He is an enviable young talent, both civil and military, a trusted minister valued by the emperor, and a promising official and senior official.
However, as a genius of poetry, he is tired of officialdom vulgarity and concern for life, and has no intention of fame and fortune. Although "in the halls and mansions, there are often thoughts of mountains and rivers and birds." His poems and essays are excellent, especially his ci, which is famous all over the world. At the age of 24, he compiled his own words into a collection, named "The Collection of Side Hats" and later renamed "Drinking Water Words". Later, someone added two word collections, totaling 342, and edited a place called Nalan Ci. Nalan Ci, handed down from ancient times, enjoyed a high reputation in the society at that time, was highly praised by scholars and became an outstanding representative of the ci circle of that era.
In terms of making friends, the most prominent feature of Nalan Xingde is that his friends are all "handsome and different from the world at one time, and it is said that the world is difficult to get along with at one time". These unpopular people are mostly Han literati in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Gu Zhenguan, Yan, Zhu Yizun, Jiang. Nalan Xingde is very sincere to his friends, not only generously helping the poor, but also respecting their character and talents, just like the 3,000 diners in Ping Yuanjun. At that time, many celebrities and talents surrounded him, making his residence Lvshuige (now Bourne Pavilion, the former residence of Soong Ching Ling) famous for its elegant gathering of literati and poets, which objectively promoted the cultural prosperity of Kanggan. The reason is that Nalan Xingde can learn the knowledge of China culture that he admired from Han intellectuals to a certain extent. More importantly, he has his own lofty ideals and noble personality, which obviously makes his actions deviate from the mainstream of society, thus becoming a research hotspot for future generations.
1674, when Nalan Xingde was twenty years old, he married the daughter of Lu Xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. It was the eighteenth year of Lu's life, and he was "born in Yongfu, with a dignified sex". After the marriage, the two couples were deeply in love, and the happy life of their wedding inspired his poetry creation. But only three years later, Lu died of a postpartum cold, which brought great pain to Nalan Xingde. Since then, "there are many lamentations, and the hatred of bosom friends is especially deep." The heavy spiritual blow made him repeatedly show endless yearning for love and lost homesickness in his later mourning poems. After Nalan Xingde, she continued to marry Guan and had a wing swallow. It is worth mentioning that when Nalan Xingde was 30 years old, she accepted Shen Wan, a talented woman in the south of the Yangtze River, with the help of her good friend Gu Zhenguan. Shen Wan, whose real name is Yu Chan, is a native of Wucheng, Zhejiang Province, and is the author of Choosing Dream Ci. Concentrate on mourning the work "Abundant God Does Not Reduce Husband". Unfortunately, after a year together with Nalanxingde, Nalanxingde passed away, and this short-lived love ended in tragedy. As a generation of romantic talents, Nalan Xingde's love life is talked about by later generations, and there are also various rumors that catch the wind. The most rumored is that his cousin entered the palace, but there is no way to verify it.
The poet's unrestrained personality, refined nature, outstanding talent and relaxed fame and fortune, together with his rich family background, well-known life experience, golden rank and jade hall, and career as an official, constitute a sense of contradiction and intangible psychological depression that ordinary people can't observe. Coupled with the early death of his beloved wife, the old dream is difficult to continue, and the reunion of literary friends makes him unable to get rid of his deep confusion and pessimism. Tired of career, disdainful of wealth and disdainful of official career, he has no intention to care about anything that can be taken away easily outside his body, but he is obsessed with love that cannot last long and the natural harmony between his heart and the environment. In the late spring of the 24th year of Kangxi, when he was ill, he got together with friends, got as drunk as a fiddler, sighed, and then got sick. Seven days later, he died on May 30th.
Although Nalan Xingde only had a short life of 3 1 year, he was one of the famous poets in Qing Dynasty. At that time, when Ci was flourishing, he was known as the "three outstanding poets in Qing Dynasty" together with Chen Weisong, the representative of Yangxian School, and Zhu Yizun, the head of Zhexi School. But in contrast, Nalan Xingde is a Manchu dignitary who has just entered the customs. It is amazing that he can master and use Chinese culture so profoundly.
There are 348 poems (342 stories) about Nalan Xingde, which involve love and friendship, frontier fortress in the south of the Yangtze River, chanting things and history, and miscellaneous feelings. Although he has rich experience as a writer, the number of his poems is small, and his vision is not wide, but his poems are charming because of emotion, and Nalan Xingde is a very real person, so his poems are excellent at that time and later generations, and are highly respected. Wang Guowei, a famous scholar in modern times, spoke highly of him: "Nalan Rong Ruo looks at things with the eyes of nature and expresses his feelings with the tongue of nature. It's been like this since I first entered the Central Plains and didn't get infected with Han culture. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there has been only one person. " Kuang Zhouyi also praised him as "the first hand at the beginning of the country" in HSBC Thorn.
Nalan Xingde's Ci has been accepted as a side hat and drinking water, and later generations often call it Nalan Ci. Looking at Nalan Xingde's ci style, it is fresh and beautiful, sad and stubborn, quite close to the late Tang Dynasty. And he himself appreciates Li Yu very much. He once said: "the words between flowers, such as ancient jade, are expensive and not applicable;" Song Ci is applicable and of low value, and Li Houzhu has its beauty at the same time, which is even more confusing. "
Comments on Nalan Ci
Comments on Nalan Ci
(Imitating the old saying)-If life is like the first time,
Excerpted from Comments on New Interpretation of Nalan Xingde's Ci.
If life is just like the first time, you don't have to draw a fan in the autumn wind.
It is easy to change, and it is also easy to change.
Lishan language is clear at midnight, and the rain bell doesn't complain at night.
More importantly, if you are lucky, you will be more willing than before.
Physical observation:
In Nalan Xingde's poems, Nalan wrote a lot about water and lotus. First of all, its other industry is called "Dew Pavilion". No matter how controversial the location of Lvshuige is at present, no matter it is on the Shichahai side of Beijing, under the Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs, or by the Yu He River in Zaojiatun, its fief, there is no water word left. Is it a building near the water or a garden with water? For water, Nalan has a special liking for morality. In the traditional culture of China, water is regarded as a living substance and is considered beneficial. The virtue of using water is better than a gentleman. Nourish everything, and give it philosophical connotation from the perspective of combining rigidity with softness, endless flow and material rationality. This is what the poet Nalan Xingde pays special attention to.
After Nalan made Beijing its capital in the Ming Dynasty, many dignitaries built private gardens inside and outside the city. For example, the British Park in the city, the Tsinghua Campus of Li Wei in the western suburbs, and Yuan Shao in Cao Langmi Wanzhong are all very famous. In the Qing Dynasty, especially when the royal family built gardens in the western suburbs, from Changchun Garden to Yuanmingyuan in its heyday, three mountains and five gardens almost reached the peak in the history of ancient gardening in China. In order to follow suit, to facilitate the class and to enjoy it, princes and ministers also bought land in the western suburbs and built their own gardens and villas. Pearl is only a stone's throw away from Changchun Garden, and there is a "self-pleasing garden". Using the mountains and rivers of Haidian and Xishan, a private garden that looks like Jiangnan was built. Nalan Xingde named his career "Dew Pavilion", on the one hand, because there is water, on the other hand, because the virtue of water is compared with itself. And his book is also titled "Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushuige". Poets take the water as their friend and companion, which is clear, secluded and far away. They recuperate and relax here, write poems and lyrics, study classics and history, write books, invite guests to get together and learn poetry books-a good Taoist cultural salon. Only when he died, he didn't leave his green water pavilion. In contrast, in Haidian, which is rich in water springs, a monk named Wu Fu built a dry garden and a mountain temple in it. There are three properties in the downtown area of Haidian Town, which is convenient but boring. Sally, a royal businessman, built a house thoroughfare, which was more gorgeous but less elegant. Imagine that if this great poet, whose nature is water, borrows water to express his feelings without water, his emotional stimulation and creative inspiration will be greatly reduced or even almost exhausted. If the mountain is the theme and the mountain is the mind, then his art must be another style.
There are many descriptions of lotus flowers in Nalan Xingde's poems. It is more appropriate to compare the noble character of Nalan's son with lotus. Getting rid of mud and sticking to it is the realm advocated by scholars and elegant people. It originates from the relevant teachings of Buddhism, and regards lotus as a symbol of the other. In the traditional culture of China, the "four gentlemen" such as plum, bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum, pine and cypress, lotus flower are personified, which endows people with personality, emotion and interest and makes them have specific cultural and philosophical connotations. Zheng Banqiao's bamboo, Jin Nong's plum, and Cao Xueqin's stone have all become cultural totems that entrust literati's mentality and feelings. However, Nalan Xingde recognized the lotus. His name is Lengga Mountain, and people who have Zen values lotus more. Where Nalan Xingde lives and enjoys, there is water, and the lotus in the water cultivates the poet's temperament. There are ten miles of hibiscus on the banks of Wengshan Lake, a hibiscus hall under Yuquan Mountain, a clear water lotus pond next to the green water pavilion, and the West Garden site of Zaojiatun Pearl Garden, with lotus-patterned white marble railings unearthed ... All these show that it is closely related to Nalan Xingde's life and creation, and always exists with the poet's spirit.
China literati pursue the understanding of material essence, and link it with philosophical concepts such as outlook on life and world view, so as to guide life and career and make it artistic. At the intersection of philosophical rationality and artistic enthusiasm, it has sprouted. Nalan Xingde is no exception. Nalan Xingde observed his philosophy with outstanding art in the form of poetry.
The scenery rises:
Many of Nalan Xingde's poems were written by him when he was driving in Xishan, Beijing. Almost all these places can be tracked and recorded. These feelings and feelings caused by scenic spots and historical sites all have their place. By observing the place where he wrote, we can have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the reasons for Nalan Xingde's poetry creation, his rich knowledge of literature and history, and his accurate feelings about the image of objective things. Nalan Xingde traveled with Kangxi to Zhu Baodong, the "Eight Great Scenic Spots". With a far-sighted vision, he wrote Looking at the Tide of the Sea, Zhu Baodong. "Desert wind and rain, cold tobacco withered, mountains and rivers ups and downs everywhere. White sky mountains and clear skies in Wan Li at night are not bleak at all. The past is the most painful. I miss Tongluo Hutong and Jingu scenery. Several places are out of the palace, and this boy is still herding cattle and sheep. The desert is covered with yellow sand, with a row of mulberry stems and snow sculptures. A smoke, a dream rain, endure to watch the sunset in the forest. Returning to the geese for two or three rows, I saw clouds and low water, and iron rode on barren hills. At dusk, monks eat, and the door is opened to cool the moon and blow clothes. " Standing on the pavilion overlooking Zhu Baodong at the top of Pingpo Mountain, you should look south and east. Looking south, the Yongding River is misty, and the Xishan alluvial fan formed by its thousands of years of flooding and scouring not only formed the Beijing Plain, but also played a vital role in the paleogeography of Beijing. Up to now, large areas of barren sand and countless earth mountains can still be seen on both sides of the river. Not far from the foot of the mountain are Babaoshan, Laoshan, Tiancun Mountain and Shijingshan. The Han tombs two thousand years ago are little known. At the foot of the mountain, the tomb of Princess Cuiwei in Yuan Dynasty was lost, and the burial place of nobles in Ming Dynasty was gradually replaced by the tomb of princes in Qing Dynasty. Looking to the southeast, the ruins of Liao and Jin dynasties are especially bad. Beijing in Ming and Qing dynasties on the ruins of Yuan Dynasty is full of purple gas from the East. Liao and Song Dynasties fought the "Battle of Gaoliang River" in Zizhuyuan, north of Huichengmen, which led to the fall of Song Jun. Jinbing captured Youzhou and Liao and built their capital on them. After the Yuan people set fire to Jinzhongdu, they moved eastward to build Dadoucheng. Historical changes, overlapping dynasties and the rise and fall of cities have triggered the infinite feelings of Nalan Xingde.
Nalan Nalan drove to Xishan Black Dragon Pool and wrote "Recalling Qin E's Longtankou". "The mountains overlap and the cliff is suspected of cracking. The sky is suspected to be cracked, the inscription is broken, and the ancient moss is horizontal. The wind howled, the gold and iron sounded, and the dragon cave at the bottom of the depressed pool was gloomy. Longdong is full of eyes, and the old moon is bright. "
Black Dragon Pool is located in the north of Huamei Mountain, under the northeast cliff at the mountain pass. The stone here is blue and black, the trees are bleak, the shade is dense, and the moss is slippery. Spring water gushes from the bottom of the deep pool, and the water potential is relatively strong. The surrounding mountains are higher and more lush under the shade, because the soil in the valley is thick and the shade contains water, which is not as dry as the wind on the sunny slope. Under the dark cliff in Tankou, people will feel the rock cracking and the depth of the pool water is unpredictable. This spring water belongs to underground rivers in karst caves and cracks in limestone areas, with a large amount of water. The limestone stratum formed in Baioge period is consistent with the stratum of the big karst cave (no longer there) behind the Spider Mountain (Lime Mountain) in Huo Zhi, Baijiaqing, three miles away, and it is directly related to the karst cave that once had water and was called Haiyan. The rocks here are not only different from the "volcanic head" stratum structure of red volcanic sandstone connected with the south vein, one is red and the other is black, and this spring water is also different from the mountain springs such as Xiangshan Shuangqing, Yingtaogou, Baijishui and Xiangshuiyuan behind the Seven Kings Tomb. It does not leak under the mountain stratum culvert, but forms the spring outcrop at the foot of the mountain, which belongs to the underground river water with karst landform. Therefore, this "dragon" is not small. Legend has it that seven sons of the Dragon King of the East China Sea lived in seclusion here. In the Qing Dynasty, it was once the Royal Black Dragon King Temple. Therefore, the water gushing situation described in "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" is correct. Nalan Xingde's intuitive feelings are also accurate. Not to mention the comment in the History of Qing Ci that "the sense of Ci is more than twice as strong as Yao Siyue". In this regard, it can also be verified from the perspective of modern science that Nalan Xingde pays attention to real feelings and observes things carefully, which is quite accurate. Nalan sang Nalan's virtue in the academy, which also made people who had been to the temple feel more appropriate. The Academy established the Liao Dynasty. What Nalan Xingde saw in the Academy was a regulation of the Ming Dynasty. It is one of the "eight great temples" in Beijing. Up to now, the Mahatma Hall and the III Buddha Hall still retain the wooden structure of the Ming Dynasty. The Academy has a wide courtyard, tall halls and many flowers and trees, among which Magnolia and Ginkgo are the most famous. (After liberation, it has been an internship forest farm of Forestry College.) Exquisite murals and hanging sculptures are preserved in the main hall. Up to now, statues such as the main Buddha statue, "Twenty Celestial Realms" and "Twelve Realms" have been well preserved. Therefore, Nalan Xingde's "Huanxisha Academy" "Yan Lei's empty beams draw cold walls, and flowers and rain scatter the sky." The imprint of Xiang Qing and Brahma is endless. At first glance, butterflies are swaying and cherries are half birds. At this time, it is more silent. "Among them, empty beams, painted walls, heavens, butterflies and birds were not invented by the author. Moreover, wandering can also make people want to see guards patrolling under the steps of tall halls and performing duties in secluded places. This sense of position between man and landscape and Brahma's sense of tranquility can be felt in the fields today. When Nalan Nalan Xingde stayed in Longquan Temple, he wrote "The Longquan Mountain Temple in Wufasu", which outlined a small temple and environment and even the author's position in just a few lines. The mountain peak behind Longquan Temple is granite, steep and sharp, like a mountain. Therefore, there is a word "fierce cultivation" in the poem. Because of the limitation of terrain, the temples and courtyards in the temple are not deep, but lined up horizontally. Castanopsis houses are arranged from west to east. If Nalan Xingde is laid off at night, he will think of Buddhism related to Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. Seeing the Ming Tombs in the temple is probably the easternmost place of the group houses. This is the last yard, and the house is not too big. Judging from the current security control, this is also the place to set up posts. The female walls on the east and south sides of the small courtyard are waist-high, and you can see very high and far against the railing. What you can see is the southeast and northeast. The Ming Tombs are in the northernmost part of the field of vision. Under the high ridge of the parapet, there is an ancient stone road starting from the foot of the mountain, which is one of the ancient roads leading to the pilgrimage to Miao Feng. Standing on this high place and extending to the northeast along the ancient road, the poet's thoughts flew to Tianshou Mountain and crossed the century. When Nalan Nalan Xingde wrote about the water around Haidian and Yuquan Mountain, he often compared it with Jiangnan. Indeed, this area is rich in water resources, with rivers and lakes connected, sails and water chestnuts, flat dikes on sand banks, or "wine tours in Shili Lake", or riding the spring breeze on flat dikes. In short, when writing this kind of scenery, it is generally fresh and lyrical, not like the nostalgia before, but more dignified and deep. On the one hand, it reflects that his character is consistent with the water complex. On the other hand, influenced by the culturally developed Jiangnan at that time, it is easy to form an internal coincidence in the author's mood and arouse his comfortable and bright creative mood. Influenced by the scenic spots he experienced, Nalan Xingde's poems are emotional, from single-minded to infinite. This is the source of his life, which has the function of prompting and edifying his creation. In this sense, it is also a gift from life to his creation.