Li surname of Zhuang nationality: Zhuang nationality developed from a branch of Baiyue in ancient times and is the most populous minority in China. According to the statistics of 1982, there are about133.78 million people, of whom more than 90% live in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and a few live in Yunnan, Guangdong and other provinces. Li is a large number of Zhuang people, and has produced some influential figures, such as Li and Li Jingui, famous generals of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, all of whom are Zhuang people named Li.
Li surname of Yao nationality: Yao nationality mainly developed from a part of the ancient "Changsha Wu Lingren". According to the statistics of 1982, there are about1400,000 people, who are distributed in the mountainous areas of Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guizhou provinces, among which the number of Yao people in Guangxi accounts for about 70% of the total. Li surname is one of the main surnames of the Yao nationality, ranking fifth among the original surnames of Yao nationality in 12. Yao Li's surname is divided into several "families" according to blood relationship; Every room has a title, and the titles of generations are "Looking Forward", "Bobby" and "Nine Valley". Li surname of Yao nationality has the spirit of resisting feudal oppression. In the Qing Dynasty, there were Li Ying, the leader of eight schools of Yao nationality in Guangdong, and Li Yuanfa, the leader of Yao uprising in Hunan.
Li surname of Bai people: Bai people call themselves "Bai Zi" and "Baini", mainly living in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, and scattered in Bijiang, Yuanjiang, Kunming, Zhaotong and Bijie of Guizhou Province, with a population of about1135438+0000001982. Du You, a historian in the Tang Dynasty, was an envoy of Lingnan and was familiar with the situation of southern ethnic minorities. He recorded the surname of the Bai nationality in the General Code: "There are dozens of tribes ... with dozens of surnames, with Yang, Li, Zhao and Dong as celebrities, each depending on mountains and rivers and not subordinate to each other." It can be seen that Li is the most popular surname among the Bai people, with a history of at least 1000 years. Tracing back to the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, gave Zhang's surname to Longyou, the leader of the Na people living in Yunnan, and other leaders gave Yang, Li and Zhao's surnames. This also shows that the Bai people in Yunnan had a surname of Li more than 700 years ago. After the Three Kingdoms, many Han Chinese surnamed Li moved to Yunnan, and over time, they merged with the Bai people. For example, Yang, Li, Zhao and other surnames in Er He Ren during the Zhenguan period in the Tang Dynasty all claimed to be Han Chinese. No wonder some people say that it is hard to tell who is Han and who is white in Yunnan. There have been Bai celebrities named Li in history, such as Li, the minister of Dali Prefecture in Song Dynasty, Li Yuanyang, a writer and historian in Ming Dynasty, and Li Chongjie, a scholar in Qing Dynasty. At present, Li is still one of the four surnames of the Bai nationality.
Li surname of She nationality: She, which means burning hazelnuts for farming, that is, burning the vegetation in the field before sowing and using ash as fertilizer. She nationality is named after its cultivation (slash and burn). They call themselves "She" or "Shanke". According to the statistics of 1982, there are about 368,000 people, who are distributed in some mountainous areas of more than 60 counties (cities) in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Anhui provinces, with Fujian and Zhejiang provinces as the most. They generally speak Chinese, mainly engaged in agriculture, and have lived with the Han people for a long time, which is very close. According to the genealogy of the She nationality in Xiapu County, Fujian Province, "In the second year of Tang Guangqi (886), there were more than 360 people, including Pan, Lan, Lei, Zhong and Li. The king of Fujian was a township official and came to Fujian from the sea", indicating that there was a Li surname of the She nationality in Fujian at the end of Tang Dynasty. Li Zhifu, the leader of Fujian peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, was called She nationality.
Li surname among Jews
Jews were called "Hebrews" in ancient times. They lived in Palestine in the13rd century BC, and established the kingdom of Israel and Judaism in Hebrew (Semitic language family belonging to Semitic language family) in the 1 1 century BC. 1 During the reign of the Roman Empire in the 2nd century, most of them were driven out of their places of residence, and some of them were persecuted and slaughtered in Europe, or combined with local ethnic groups. The introduction of Judaism into China began in the Tang Dynasty. More people came to China in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. The ancestors of these Jews who entered China in the Northern Song Dynasty left their Jewish homeland in the 1970s BC and moved to Mumbai, where they settled for more than 1 100 years. In the middle and late 20th century, they moved eastward along the coastal road and arrived in China. They came to Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), paid tribute to the emperor and presented Xibu. The emperor accepted their tribute and agreed that they would "leave the capital of song dynasty". As a result, Jews settled in Kaifeng and took the names of Han people respectively. At the same time, there are still some Jews scattered in Luoyang, Beijing, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Quanzhou and other places, but the largest number are Jews living in Kaifeng. This Jewish immigrant living in Kaifeng, headed by Li, has a total of 17 surnames, including Li, An, Ai, Gao, Mu, Zhao, Jin, Zhou, Zhang, Shi, Huang, Nie, Jin, Zhang, Zuo and Bai, of which two are "different families with the same surname". In the third year of Jin Shizong Dading (1 163), they bought land to build a temple in the southeast of Kaifeng (now the southern suburbs pass through hutong), which means "the pure is unique, and the true is just and innocent". It is called the mosque, commonly known as the worship temple, and it is the center of Jewish religious activities in Kaifeng. This temple is the earliest, longest-preserved and most famous Chinese Jewish worship temple in the history of China. In the Ming Dynasty, Kaifeng Jews entered its heyday, and the number of Christians grew to more than 500, about 4,000. In September of the 15th year of Chongzhen (1642), the Ming army dug the Yellow River levee, submerged the rebels in Li Zicheng, reduced Kaifeng to Zeguo, and Kaifeng Jews fled the whole country. Until the first year of Kangxi (1662), Kaifeng city was rebuilt, and the surviving Jews returned to Kaifeng with the Han and Hui nationalities, and then rebuilt the mosque on the temple site.
In the early Qing Dynasty, Kaifeng Jews had seven surnames: Li, Ai, Zhao, Zhang, Gao, Jin and Shi, with Li still ranking first. At present, Kaifeng Jews still have four surnames and Li surnames, and they have fully accepted China culture.
Third, change your surname.
The given surname in feudal society is that the supreme ruler erases the existing surname of others out of his own will and replaces it with another surname; Because the surname of the emperor is the noblest, it is called the "national surname", so most of the surnames given by the emperor to his subjects are his own. The emperor gave the surname, often out of praise, love and netting, with the aim of consolidating his rule; Being given a surname is a great honor and will make the whole family feel disgraced. The wind of giving surnames by emperors in the Tang Dynasty prevailed in all previous dynasties, from the founding emperor Li Yuan to the last Zhao Zong Ye Li.
(594-669), whose real name was Xu, was a famous scholar. He was born in Lihu, Cao Zhou (now southeast of Dongming, Shandong). This family is very rich. At the beginning of the Zhai Rang Uprising, he joined the Wagang Army. Because of his work, Wagangjun was awarded the title of Duke of the East China Sea. After his failure, he fell to the Tang Dynasty. Li Yuan was appointed as the general of the right marquis of Wu, named Cao Guogong and given the surname Li. Because he avoided the names of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin, he had only one name.
Li Fen, a native of Huazhou, was appointed general of Tunwei in Sui Dynasty. After Tang Gaozu tang gaozu entered the customs, he led his troops to the Tang Dynasty and was named Zong Zhengqing, lord protector and Li.
Li, a native of Pucheng, whose real name is Guo, was an official of the Sui Dynasty. He once moved to Yulin because of crime. In the early years of Tang Gaozu Wude, he was appointed as the general manager of Lingzhou. Later, he followed Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin to quell the Liu Heita Uprising. Because of his meritorious service, he was given the surname Li and sealed the country.
Li Baoyu, whose real name is An, is from Hexi, the descendant of Hero An, whose original name is good at riding and shooting. Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, changed his name to Baoyu for his meritorious service in Hexi. When An Lushan rebelled, An Baoyu guarded Nanyang and wrote to the court, saying that he was ashamed of being the same clan as the rebellious An Lushan, and asked to change his surname, so Tang Xuanzong changed his surname to Li.
Li, a native, whose real name is Dong and Qin, joined the army as a teenager. He is determined and knows nothing about books, but he works hard. Because of his merits, Li Hengci named him Li.
Hexi people, whose real name is Ann, are muscular and were named General Yunhui by Li Hengci.
Li Ren, originally the adopted son of Governor Gao, was loyal and righteous, supplemented by the word, and rebelled against An Lushan, Shi Siming and other subordinates in the Tang Dynasty with An and Shi. 76 1 year, Shi Siming died, and he died in five states: Heng, Zhao, Shen, Ding and Yi. He was established as the minister of rites, given the surname Li, given the name Bao Zhong, and sealed Zhao Guogong.
Li Guangjin, whose ancestral home is Hequ (now the meandering place of the Yellow River in the southeast of Qinghai Province) and surname is Eddie, belongs to Yoshida County in the middle of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty. Guangjin followed Guo Ziyi to quell the Anshi Rebellion and recovered two capitals. During the calendar year, Li Yuci was surnamed Li.
Li, whose real name is An, was raised by eunuch Luo Fengxian, and later changed his surname to Luo, named Yuan Guang. He is brave and resourceful. When he was in Tang Dezong, he accepted the capital of Li Sheng. During the Zhenyuan period, due to heavy security, the war with Tubo was avoided, so the surname Li was given.
Li Quanlue, surnamed Wang, whose name is Rizhen, was given Li Hengci's full name because he was my navy division and the secretariat of Cangde Prefecture.
Li Maoxun, a descendant of Abs, a Uighur family, was highly valued by Zhang Zhongwu, a senior minister of the Ministry of War, after the Tang Dynasty, and was named Li Maoxun by Chen Lici of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty for his meritorious deeds.