Networking heroes win the hearts of the people.
Liu Bei is taciturn and can't see the joys and sorrows. He can be humble to others, and he is very shrewd. When Liu Bei was young, he did not like reading. He likes to let dogs ride horses and make friends with generous people. So when he was young, many young people rushed to cling to him, which was the advantage of his character. Liu Bei is generous and loyal, charitable, charitable, and good at buying people's hearts. He is far superior to Cao Cao in character. Cao Shi's father and son occupied most of the northern region, holding the emperor to make the princes, which had obvious political and military advantages. But Cao Cao acted cruelly and killed the city at every turn. What Liu Bei did was contrary to that of Cao Cao: Cao Cao was violent and Liu Bei was lenient; Cao Cao is cunning and Liu Bei is honest; Cao Cao usurped Han and Liu Bei helped Han, so Liu Bei won the hearts of the people. After Liu Bei entered Shu, he carried out the policy of wooing local nobles, returned their fields and houses, and encouraged the development of agricultural production, thus winning the hearts of the people.
Knowing people and making good use of them will eventually achieve great things.
Corporal Liu Bei has a good eye for talents. Although Liu Bei, Cao Cao and Sun Quan have common characteristics, Liu Bei is better than them. In terms of employing people, Chairman Mao said: "Liu Bei can use people, unite people, and eventually achieve great things." This is the key to his success. Chen Shou also commented on Liu Bei as: "The ancestors were generous, knowing people and treating scholars, with the style of high ancestors and heroic tools." At the beginning of Liu Bei's business, he was weak and displaced. Although he occupied Xuzhou twice and failed in the end, he paid attention to buying people's hearts. No matter what happens, he always puts the people first. Later, Zhuge Liang visited the cottage, obtained the famous "Longzhong Dui" and formed his own outline for the founding of the country. He used Zhuge Liang's life like a duck to water and conspired for great things. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, who later won the titles of the three armed forces in the bitter towns, reused Wei Yan, who was born in the military, and successfully defended Hanzhong, a strategic place ... On the other hand, Liu Bei knows the true nature of being good at people and is very good at winning people's hearts. Liu Bei's character also has the advantages of perseverance and repeated defeats. At the beginning of Liu Bei's business, he was extremely hard, running around like a lost dog. He relied on Yuan, was restrained by Gongsun Zan and attached to Cao Cao. Cao Cao's advisers tried to kill him. Cao Cao twice avoided killing and treated him with courtesy. Later, he took the opportunity to escape and joined forces with Wu to refuse Cao. He also relied on Liu Biao and bring disgrace to oneself to seek hegemony. It can be seen that he has an indomitable spirit and is an invincible hard bone.
Emotional, defeated Yiling
Liu Bei is emotional, which is the weakness of his character and leads to his failure. Guan Yu was killed by Sun Quan, and Liu Bei insisted on sending troops to crusade. All the soldiers tried to dissuade him from getting out of the overall situation. He threw the paper on the ground and said, "I have made up my mind. There is no need to discuss it again." Every step of the great cause of the founding of the people's Republic is out of reason. However, Liu Bei's crusade was an act of revenge, not a great war cause. As a result, he betrayed the strategic decision made by "Longzhong Dui" and deviated from the will of the people. Finally, he was defeated by Lu Xun in Yiling. For Shu Han, Yiling was defeated, its national strength was greatly damaged, and its vitality was greatly damaged. Many generals were killed in this battle, such as, Feng, Fu Tong and Sha. And some people with towers and power, such as Ma Liang. In the next few decades, Shu Han never recovered. Zhuge Liang's grand strategic blueprint when he took countermeasures in Longzhong became a bubble, which laid the groundwork for the downfall of Shu Han in the future.
Be lenient with others and have a broad mind.
In the battle of Yiling, Liu Bei's army was defeated, and Huang Quan's Ministry would lead the army to surrender to Cao Wei as a last resort. At that time, ministers advised Liu Bei to copy Huang Quan's family, but Liu Bei said that Huang Quan's surrender to Cao Wei was unacceptable, and said, "Huang Quan didn't fail me, but I failed Huang Quan!" Such a broad mind is really rare, so the world will judge Liu Bei leniently.
Regarding Cao Cao's character, Yi Zhongtian said, "He is probably the most complicated character and diverse image in history. He is extremely clever and extremely stupid; Treacherous, cunning, frank and sincere; Open-minded and suspicious; Generous and narrow-minded It can be said that everyone has a demeanor and a villain's face; Heroic, children's feelings; Rebecca has a temper and a bodhisattva heart. It seems that Cao Cao has several faces, but they all grow on him, which is not contradictory at all. This is really a miracle. " (Pinsan Kingdom, page 20) In fact, this is not strange or mysterious. Human nature has two components: good and evil. In western words, it is called "half-day ambassador, half-devil".
Sun Quan stooped to humiliation, and his talent was still counted, which was the wonder of Gou Jian and the hero of the British people. Therefore, I can be good at Jiang Biao and become a career.
Sun Quan stooped to humiliation, and his talent was still counted, which was the wonder of Gou Jian and the hero of the British people. Therefore, at the age of 19, Sun Quan succeeded his younger brother Sun Ce, who was defeated by Huang Zu in Jiangdong. After Wu Dong joined forces with Liu Bei, Cao was defeated by Cao Jun in Battle of Red Cliffs. Soochow later fought Cao near Hefei, retaken Jingzhou from Liu Bei, killed Guan Yu and shattered Liu Bei's crusade army. After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor to the north first, then Jianwu proclaimed himself emperor and moved to Jianye.
Sun Quan is decisive and brave. He used to be very calm when he was exploring Wei Jun's lineup. Wei Jun's bows and arrows were all shot, and the arrows were concentrated on one side of the ship. Sun Quan ordered the boat to turn around, and then it was hit by an arrow on the other side. It was not until the arrows were aligned and the boat was flat that it sailed back safely. He is quite talented in "reading and passing on history". He once wrote to Cao Cao and said, "Spring water can only be born. Go to your first step quickly and don't die. Not alone. " The word 16 is of great significance.
Sun Ce, the son of Sun Jian, a warlord at the end of Han Dynasty, inherited his father's will and started a business in Jiangzuo after his father Sun Jian died. Sun Ce "makes good use of people, returns to the people, and is happy to die".
Just annexed Jiangdong and killed all the heroes. These people have men who dare to die and will avenge their sons. And Sun Ce is also a master, lacking in vigilance. Although there are millions of troops, it is like a person walking in the wilderness. If there is an ambush assassin, Sun Ce can only resist alone. So Sun Ce will die at the hands of ordinary people.
This seemingly incredible prediction was quickly confirmed by facts. Sun Ce strangled Xu Gong, the satrap of Wu Jun, and Xu Gong, three public servants, determined to avenge his master. As a result, when Sun Ce was out hunting, three men attacked Sun Ce, causing him serious injuries and death.
The biggest feature of Sima is forbearance. If you don't act rashly, there will be. A move is a rock-breaking, and a blow will kill you. Sima Yi is a "jealous at home, generous at abroad, suspicious and changeable" person, and Cao Cao knows that he is "ambitious". Cui Yan, the prime minister, befriended Sima Lang, Sima Yi's brother, and once said to Sima Lang, "Your brother is smart and has just cut off the Internet, which is beyond his son's reach." .
Sima Yi (179-25 1) was born in Zhong Da, Hanoi (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). Wei was an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period and the founder of the Western Jin Dynasty. He used to be the commander-in-chief of Cao Wei, Qiu and Taifu. He was an important minister who assisted the three generations of Wei, and later became a minister in charge of Wei's state affairs. The greatest achievement in my life is that I led the army to successfully fight against Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition many times. Xuanwenhou died in Wuyang, posthumous title, and his second son, Si Mazhao, was made the queen of Jin and the emperor. After Sima Yan proclaimed himself emperor, he made Xuan Di emperor.
When Cao Cao wanted to move the capital, Sima Yi and Cao Xuan Jiang Ji promptly dissuaded him: "The imperial army was lost because of water, not because of war, and it did not harm the national plan, but moved the capital, which not only showed that the enemy was weak, but also made people uneasy." Sun Quan and Liu Bei are proud of their feathers, but they are unwilling. It can be said that the appropriate place, after finishing, Fan Wei himself explained "("The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji "). According to his plan, Cao Cao sent Monroe to attack Jiangling, and Guan Yu was captured and killed by him.
The contest with Zhuge Liang may be people's favorite joke. Sima Yi listened to Ming Di's instructions, saying that he was "impregnable, refused to keep it, and waited for work", and he was deadlocked with Zhuge Liang for more than 100 days. Zhuge Liang challenged several times, but Sima Yi couldn't get out of the wall. He wanted to wait until the Shu army ran out of food before attacking. Zhuge Liang sent someone to send Sima Yi "a woman's ornament" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) to humiliate him. He wanted to inspire Sima Yi to play, but Sima Yi still didn't play. In order to calm the dissatisfaction of my subordinates, I pretended to be angry. I went to the table and asked for a good fight. Ming Di is not allowed to send Xin Pi, the minister of orthopedics, as Sima Yi's strategist to control his actions. After Zhuge Liang came to challenge, Sima Yi was about to lead the troops to attack. Xin Pi's scepter stood at the military gate, and Sima Yi did not send troops.
When Xin Pi arrived, Jiang Wei, the general of Shu, said to Zhuge Liang, "Xin Pi has come with a scepter, and the thief will not turn back." Zhuge Liang said, "He has no intention of fighting, so he resolutely invites people to show his strength in his ears. Will be in the army, your life will not be affected, if you can control us, please how far to fight evil "("The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji ")! Zhuge Liang then divided his troops, stationed troops in the wild, and prepared for long-term operations. This shows Sima's control and grasp of people's hearts. Sima also firmly grasped Zhuge's bright door, which was difficult to last. Of course, after Zhuge died, Sima also praised Zhuge as "a genius in the world." It can be seen that Sima is broad-minded and has enough respect for his old rivals (probably, hehe).
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, once made a historical comment on the Book of Jin Xuandi Ji, pointing out the contradiction or imbalance of Sima Yi in personality, military affairs and politics. The original text is as follows: Fu Tiandi is big, and Li Yuan is the foundation. When the country is expensive, the head of state comes first. Chaos is impermanent, and it is lucky to rise and fall. Therefore, above the five emperors, living in Wancheng is troublesome; The three kings have come, and they have fun in their worries. Fight for information, interests, size and strength. After Wei's arrest, the three parties fought endlessly and the atmosphere was foggy. Huang Xuan, standing in the sky, should assist his life in time, treat it with words and use it with strength. Choose people as yourself, not as yourself; The unfathomable love, generous and tolerant nature, light and dusty, easy to roll with the times, is a storm. Showing loyalty and treachery, Yan' an is in danger. Seeing that the hero is slightly broken inside, the heroic spirit is strong outside, Gong Sun is in a hundred days, and Meng Da is in surplus. Because the soldiers are moving, there is no plan. Then embrace the west and hold a stalemate with Zhuge. Suppress his soldiers, have no fighting spirit, and leave his daughter, just to vent their anger. The scepter is the door, and you will try your best. Please fight thousands of miles and cheat as a demonstration. Moreover, the people of Qin and Shu are brave and timid, not enemies. Dangerous roads are different, and their work and rest are different, so their benefits are obvious. However, if we return to the closed army and establish a solid base area, we should not dare to fight again. If you are timid and have no motivation to move forward, you will still be afraid of death. If you are a good soldier, you will lose it! Emperor Wendi's world, assisted by Wing Chong, Xuchang and Xiao He Municipal Committee, worshiped China and was very Huo Guang School. Speaking of dedication, Yi Fu Koch. And Ming Di will eventually, pillar ownership, two main stay, for three dynasties, bear the burden of death, no martyrdom. It's good to kill each other when the emperor is outside and the soldiers are inside, and the land is still wet. The best way is to confuse you with yourself. Is the husband's conquest strategy wise in the east and foolish in the west? The heart of aid, why loyalty to chaos? Therefore, Jin Ming hid his face and was ashamed to deceive success; Schleswig-Holstein talked nonsense, laughed and raped and went back to settle down. The ancients said, "If you accumulate goodness for three years and know little, it will be an evil day, and everyone knows it." Not on purpose! Although I live in seclusion, I finally met my descendants. I still steal the bell to cover my ears and ignore everyone; Committed to stealing gold, it is said that the city is invisible. Therefore, it is known that those who are greedy will be far away, and those who love profit will hurt their reputation; If you don't harm yourself and benefit others, you will harm the country and the people and benefit others and yourself. It's easy to do things according to the truth, but it's difficult to do things by moving the back. What's more, with the unsuccessful gold base, is it forced? Although I returned to Doug, I was born with virtue, but before dawn, my position was blocked. I can't compete with myself and I can't fight for it. Although I celebrated the future, I finally went to the north.
The ancients spoke highly of Sima.
Fang: (1) There are few strange festivals, but he is intelligent, broad-minded, knowledgeable and obedient to Confucianism. In the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, there was always a worry about the world. (2) the emperor taboo and lenient, suspicion is more accidental. (3) There is a symbol of a wolf.
Sun Quan: Sima Gong is good at fighting. If he changes, he will persevere.
Cao Cao: Sima Yi, as a non-human minister, must anticipate your family affairs.
Yang Jun: This is an extraordinary man.
Wen Qin: So Xiang, Kuang Fu, Wei Shihe were very loyal, so Emperor Lizuming entrusted him with this task. Trying to save China.
Cui Yan: Smart, just broke the net.
Zhuge Liang was a very complicated historical tragic figure in the Three Kingdoms period, and also a tragic character with multiple personalities of Confucianism, Legalism and Taoism. From the strategic conception of "Long Zhong Dui" to all kinds of missteps caused by helping Liu Bei and his son manage the western Shu: missteps in strategic policy, missteps in employing people's rights, missteps in inheritance and development planning and so on. In fact, this is all kinds of "helplessness" in Zhuge Liang's personality, which has shaped Zhuge Liang's life and tragedy of "being cautious but not committing crimes", "being pious and conservative" and "doing his best". In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhuge Liang began to fade away from historical facts, blended into the implication of traditional culture, national spirit and folk wisdom, and became a resourceful secular cultural strategist. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the popularization, popularization and secularization of novels and operas, their cultural images were more abundant, developed and improved. Therefore, we should take the History of the Three Kingdoms as a mirror and comprehensively investigate, understand, evaluate and reflect on Zhuge Liang's historical and cultural value from the perspective of historical and cultural evolution and development, so as to restore the true colors of Zhuge Liang's historical tragedy.
"Be cautious all one's life" and "do it yourself" are the personality traits recognized by Zhuge Liang in past dynasties. Subjectively speaking, "prudence" and "devotion" reflect a high sense of responsibility; Objectively speaking, this is a very harmful autocratic psychology and selfish behavior. This personality has caused Zhuge Liang's many limitations in dealing with people, power distribution and talent appointment, as well as the lack of pioneering political system. Judging from Zhuge Liang's life, the formation of his character has its environment and conditions. When he was in Nanyang, compared with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, we can see that he was by no means a hermit. For Zhuge Liang, a "specialist", arrogance and arrogance are self-evident. It was not until later that the political career of the sage of Shu Han began (ZhuGeLiangZhuan): it not only greatly volatilized the wisdom, personality and spirit of his profound Confucian traditional culture, but also mixed the thoughts of Legalists, Taoists and strategists, and was highly centralized and autocratic, so it was only appropriate to repair internal affairs, "govern Rong" and "govern the people". As for the military strategy of "ruling a big country like cooking a little fresh food", the intelligence and virtue of conquering the world and expanding the territory are not so satisfactory: The History of the Three Kingdoms is not as good as that recorded by his brother Zhu Gejin (Zhuge Liang Chuan), and its "example" and "literary talent is not brilliant, but it is too determined to be peaceful" (Zhuge Liang Chuan) are aimed at the late ruler Liu Chan, except for reminding, but Although its focus has turned to military strategy, its ambition has been completely frustrated and its tone has been depressed. Not only is it extremely pessimistic (unlike what a coach should say before a war), but even the copyright is in question. Compared with the two, the former is solemn and stirring, concise in meaning and high in style; The "back table" is weak, awkward and complicated, and its style is mediocre. His argument is similar to Zhuge Ke's theory of Zheng Wei (Biography of Zhuge Ke). In a word, Zhuge Liang's mistakes in handling affairs, employing people and distributing power are actually determined by his narrow self-esteem personality such as "prudence" and "devotion" and scholar spirit, which is also the root cause of Zhuge Liang's great tragedy.
The above is just from Du Niang. . I didn't make it myself. . Don't be surprised if you don't like it. .