Sergei Rachmaninoff (English: Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian: сергейвасильевр)

Rumsfeld graduated from the famous Moscow Conservatory of Music (now Moscow Tchaikovsky Conservatory of Music); Influenced by Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky, he has a deep foundation in national music and rich melody, and is good at epic music style. His major works include Piano Concertos No.2 and No.3, Rhapsody on Paganini Theme, 24 Preludes, Music and Painting Etudes, Opera aleko, Francesca of Limini, Symphony No.2, Orchestral Dead Island and Bells. Among them, "Piano Concerto No.3 in D minor" has become the "most difficult" piano repertoire because of its deep difficulty.

Chinese name: Sergei Rachmaninoff.

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Nationality: USA

Ethnic group: Russian.

Place of birth: Semyonovo, Russia

Date of birth: 1 April 8731

Date of death:1March 28, 943

Occupation: pianist, composer, conductor

Graduate school: Moscow Conservatory of Music

Belief: Orthodox Church

Main achievements: Rachmaninov adapted many classical music works into piano solo versions.

One of the greatest composers in the late Romantic period.

One of the greatest pianists in the 20th century.

Representative works: Piano Concertos No.2 and No.3, Symphony No.2, Paganini Rhapsody, Music, Painting, Practice, Elegy, etc.

Personal experience

Music childhood

Sergei vasilyevich Rachmaninov was born in April 1873 in a wealthy landlord's family in Oniga, Vavo, Cermino. His music environment is very good. Laplace's great-grandfather studied under the famous musician Phil in St. Petersburg. Laplace's mother Anna Onaskaya graduated from St. Petersburg Conservatory of Music. Laplace's earliest piano education came from her mother, which made him influenced by good music from an early age.

1882, his family moved to St. Petersburg. At the age of 9, rachmaninoff entered St. Petersburg Conservatory of Music and studied piano under Deminaski.

1885, under the introduction of my cousin, Laplace entered Moscow Conservatory of Music, studied under Zvilev, received extremely strict training, and laid a solid foundation. As a disciple of Zvilev, Rumsfeld had the opportunity to attend the gathering in the circle and got to know Taneyev and Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky successively, which had an impact on his later creation.

Rumsfeld wrote the first batch of original works from 1887 to 1888. Including Scherzo for Band and some piano sketches. 1889 was admitted to Moscow Conservatory of Music, and since then he has received more strict, formal and systematic education and training. He studied piano under the famous pianist Cilotti and composition under the famous composers Taneyev and Alensky.

Create a reputation

1890, Sarah came to her hometown Ivanovka, where she met her future wife and cousin Natalia Satina. Rumsfeld, who fell in love, wrote a waltz and romance for his sweetheart. After returning to Moscow, Rumsfeld composed Manfred, an orchestra inspired by Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's symphony of the same name.

189 1 and 1892 graduated from piano and composition classes with excellent results, and started an independent career in music. 189 1 year, Laplace completed the first piano concerto in his hometown. In February, 65438, he returned to Moscow and dedicated his first symphonic poem Prince Roskislav to his teacher Alensky.

Rachmaninov was active in the international music scene as a piano player in his early days. In his performance, he absorbed the strengths of pianists of past dynasties and created his own unique playing style, becoming one of the few outstanding pianists in the world at that time.

From 65438 to 0892, in order to hold concerts, he composed many piano pieces, as well as symphonic fantasia "Cliff" and "Rhapsody on the Theme of Cigang" and other large band works. In March this year, Rumsfeld held his own concert in the Conservatory of Music, playing his own trio and the first movement of the first piano concerto ... On the other hand, Laplace stepped up his graduation work, the opera Alenko, which was adapted from Pushkin's long narrative poem Gypsy. This year, Rumsfeld won the gold medal and graduated from Moscow Conservatory of Music with excellent results. After graduation, Rumsfeld immediately threw himself into the busy concert performance. During this period, Rumsfeld also completed one of his most famous works, Prelude in C minor. During the summer vacation, Rumsfeld was very relaxed, and successively completed two sets of art songs and a fantasia. There is also the fantasia Rock inspired by lermontov's poems.

First encounter with setbacks

1895, Laplace completed the first symphony in D minor, which took many days. However, the work 1897 was a failure when it was premiered by Glazunov in Petersburg. For this reason, Rachmaninov fell into abnormal distress and his creation began to decrease.

1897, rachmaninoff was hired as assistant conductor of Moscow Mamontoff private opera house, and his conducting career began. 1897 The first symphony was premiered by Glazunov in March. Surprisingly, the performance was a great failure. After about three years, Rumsfeld was devastated, and even Fran Cesca da Rimini, which had already been written, was put on hold until several years later.

gain both fame and wealth

1899 I traveled to Europe for the first time and played, which was warmly welcomed by people from all over Europe. Due to the improvement of his mood, he resumed his music creation activities from 1900, and successively created Piano Concerto No.2 in C minor, Piano Prelude and Chorus in Spring. Among them, the piano concerto No.2 in C minor is particularly eye-catching, and it has won universal praise from the audience for its unique lyricism and poetry.

190110 In June, Laplace's Piano Concerto No.2 was completed and premiered. Laplace personally performed solo, and his works were a great success. Laplace also successfully overcame mental illness and pulled himself together again. Restored self-confidence, Laplace entered the creative peak.

190 1 completed the cello sonata and the second suite for two pianos. The following year, Laplace completed his first important choral work-chorus "Spring", which was written according to the poem of the poet Necrasov. Soon, Rumsfeld announced his marriage to Natalia.

1903 Xia La spent her time in her hometown. Compose the opera "The Greedy Knight". The eldest daughter Irene was born. Continue to write the long-delayed opera Fran Cesca da Rimini.

1906, Rumsfeld personally directed the premieres of Tragic Knight and Fran Cesca da Rimini. In February, Russia was in turmoil and Rumsfeld went to Italy. Houbiju _ Reston In a relatively stable environment in Dresden, Laplace successively completed the second symphony (1906- 1908). Piano Sonata No.1 (1907) and symphony Dead Island (1909).

1907 In May, Rumsfeld's second daughter, tatiana, was born. Ivanovka became Laplace's main creative place in summer.

1In the summer of 908, Rumsfeld completed the surprisingly difficult Piano Concerto No.3, which premiered in the United States the following year. In the following years, life was relatively calm. While touring heavily, Laplace has successively completed Thirteen Preludes (Op.32, 19 10), Music and Painting Etudes (Op.33, 19 165438) and The Second Piano.

19 13 Rumsfeld resigned from many contracts and wanted to use them for many creations. Another big move is to resign as the president of the Imperial Music Association. In February, Rumsfeld came to Rome and happened to live in the house where Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's younger brother modeste Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky once lived.

Immigrate to the United States

19 14 The outbreak of the war made Russia turbulent. Rumsfeld has been staying here in southern Russia. In September, Rumsfeld suddenly received an invitation from Sweden to perform in Stockholm. Rumsfeld took this opportunity to leave Russia with his wife and daughter. Also bid farewell to Russia; Rumsfeld went to Stockholm first, and then transferred to Copenhagen. Without a fixed income, Rumsfeld had to increase the number of games, but he still could not make ends meet.

19 18 At the end of this year, Rumsfeld received an invitation from the United States. 165438+ 10 In October, Rumsfeld's family moved to new york, USA. Under the arrangement of agent Charles Ellis, Rumsfeld became a signing artist of Steinway Company. Steinway arranged 40 Rumsfeld performances in four months to promote the piano.

19 19- 1920 Laplace signed a recording contract with Shengli Company to record his own piano works.

192 1 year, Rumsfeld got rid of the economic crisis and bought a house in the United States. The house was built like Ivanovka's old house and hired Russian servants. In Russia, everything is decorated as usual.

Rumsfeld's performances in Europe gradually increased from 65438 to 0923. After settling down, Rumsfeld devoted himself to composing music. At this point, Rumsfeld finally completed the Piano Concerto No.4. This lengthy concerto is dedicated to Russian composer metternich. Rumsfeld joked that his work is the Ring of Nibelungen in the field of piano concerto, which means the length of the work is amazing. 1927 In March, Rumsfeld personally played Piano Concerto No.4, which premiered in Philadelphia. Subsequently, it was revised and submitted to TAIR for publication in Paris in 1928.

193 1 In June, Rumsfeld suddenly published an article by the soviet strike administration in The New York Times. On March 9, the Soviet government responded by forbidding Rumsfeld's works to be performed throughout the Soviet Union, and Rumsfeld immediately became the "enemy of the people" (the ban was lifted two years later).

In the summer, Laplace revised the second piano sonata again, and finished his last piano solo work Variations on the Theme of corelli, which premiered in Montreal on June 1965-00.

Old age life

1934, Laplace finished his most important work "Rhapsody on Paganini Theme" in Chainal Villa. This piano and orchestra work is Laplace's most famous music in his later years. The author uses the theme of "Day of Anger" in Paganini's famous capriccio to present 24 variations, among which 18 variation is famous for the movie "Seventy Years Back in Time". At this time, Rumsfeld's health has deteriorated, but in order to make a living, he still needs to continue touring.

1June, 939, Britain invited Rumsfeld to London to participate in the ballet adapted from Rumsfeld's music held by the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, but Rumsfeld failed to make it. In the autumn of the same year, Rumsfeld finished his last work, Symphony Dance, and revised the Piano Concerto No.4 here.

1942- 1943 Laplace felt unprecedented fatigue. At the beginning of 1943, the situation became worse and worse, and Laplace became weaker and weaker. The doctor initially diagnosed pleurisy with severe effusion. Ask for immediate bed rest. But Rumsfeld insisted on playing the concert in Knoxville on February 17, and then he had to end his tour and return to his home in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles with his family. In Los Angeles, doctors diagnosed the cancer as terminal and completely spread to the lungs and bones. According to Holovitz, a pianist who accompanied Rumsfeld at the last moment, Rumsfeld's condition deteriorated very quickly. 1943 On the morning of March 28th, Rachmaninov died at home at the age of 70.

Anecdotes of characters

1. Piano is a punishment tool for Rachmaninov when he was a child. It is said that when his mother punishes Rachmaninov, she will make him sit under the piano.

2. Rachmaninov is tall and has huge hands, and his left hand can easily press the keys that span 12 degrees, so not everyone can play his works. His figure may be related to a genetic disease called Marfan's syndrome. One of the symptoms of the patient is slender limbs and fingers.

Rachmaninov once lived in the apartment of his teacher Zverev. Because the students were practicing too loudly, Rakhmaninov asked the teacher for a quieter environment to concentrate on composing, which led to an argument. Finally, the two teachers and students broke up in discord.

4. When Rakhmaninov graduated from Moscow Conservatory of Music, he was unanimously elected as the first honorary graduate by the jury, and his teacher Zverev was also a member of the jury. At the graduation ceremony, zverev gave Rachmaninov a gold watch as a gift, and the mentoring and mentoring also settled their differences. This gold watch has also become the treasure of Rachmaninov.

5. When Rachmaninov received psychotherapy, his therapist Nikolai Dali (николайдаль/nikolaidahl) asked him to receive treatment every day.

6. Rachmaninov married Natalya on 1902, and his Italian wife is also a pianist who graduated from Moscow Conservatory of Music.

7. Rachmaninov likes to create in a quiet environment. He once said, "Nothing helps me more than quiet solitude."

8. "Rahmani" means "profligacy" in Russian. Rachmaninov's father is a gambler who squanders money. In the end, he even pawned his family business and abandoned his wife and children.

9. Rahma Nino's grandfather was a general in the army for half his life, and his father was an officer. The name Rachmaninov comes from Rahmani, which means "kindness" and "generosity" in Russian.

Creative style

On the one hand, Rachmaninov is a representative of the Romantic era, on the other hand, his music has many modern elements close to composers in the 20th century. How to successfully integrate these two styles has become the mystery of his creation. Undoubtedly, many composers constantly change and improve their own styles in their creative career. In fact, each master's style has its own evolution process. However, the romantic style has a special relationship with the musical style of the 20th century. At the beginning of last century, several new styles appeared one after another, such as neoclassicism, neoromanticism and expressionism. The creative procedures of these new styles are completely different from the traditional romanticism.

Rachmaninov's romantic style is integrated with modern style, and his personal creative style has been familiar to the world, and many common features even run through the author's life-long creation. In Rachmaninov's works, it is generally believed that incompatible elements are magically combined, such as romantic feelings, rich modes in major and minor tones and other modern styles (such as jazz elements and the invasion theme similar to Shostakovich in Paganini's theme rhapsody).

Rachmaninov created the same image both as a composer and as a piano player on the stage. According to the memory of his contemporaries, his performance is amazing because his voice is particularly powerful, which is neither external nor superficial. The word that can best reflect the sound quality of Rachmaninov's piano performance is "vigorous" voice. This kind of boldness includes the perfect expressive force of piano instruments, the exquisite performance of players, the embodiment of motivation and the aesthetic feeling of piano sound quality.

Main work

Piano and orchestral works

Rachmaninov has composed five works for piano and symphony orchestra, including four piano concertos and RhapsodyonaThemeofPaganini, among which the second piano concerto and the third piano concerto are the most famous, and one of Paganini's theme rhapsody (Var. 18) is melodious and melodious, which has become a popular work and won.

Piano solo works

For piano solo, Rachmaninov composed 2 sonatas and 24 preludes, the most famous of which was his prelude in C minor.

Rachmaninov also adapted many classical music works into piano solo versions, among which Bach's Prelude, Limsky Kosakov's Wild Bees Flying, Fritz Kreisler's Sadness of Love and Joy of Love are famous.

Symphony works

Rachmaninov once wrote three symphonies. The first symphony was a failure for Rachmaninov, and he even tore up the manuscript. It was not until his death that the whole score was found in Leningrad Conservatory of Music, and it was not until 1948 that it was performed for the second time in the United States to commemorate the fifth anniversary of Rachmaninov's death. However, the second symphony and the third symphony are still relatively famous works.

Rachmaninov also wrote many symphonic poems, such as Dead Island, Rock and Roll, Symphony Dance, etc.

Vocal and chorus works

Rachmaninov also composed vocal music and chorus works, including Mass and Chant. JohnChrysostom and TheBells. The short song Vocal Music has been adapted into a solo for different instruments.

works appreciation

Symphony no 2

1897 March Rachmaninov's First Symphony was conducted by Glazunov. When he first performed in Petersburg, people were very harsh towards the young composer Rachmaninov, and his works were severely criticized in Petersburg. The blow at this time, for Rachmaninov, who has always been smooth sailing, naturally became a huge trauma that was difficult to erase for a while. This mental blow not only became the main reason for his serious neurasthenia in the future, but also made Rachmaninov form a depressed and withdrawn character. Rachmaninov suffered from a painful neurasthenia when he was young, and gradually recovered because of the effective suggestion therapy given by Dr. Nikolai Dahl.

190 1 year, rakhmaninov completed his second piano concerto and won the glinka prize in one fell swoop, so he successfully resumed his composing activities. The Second Symphony is the work of Rachmaninov after he regained his confidence. It is also the most distinctive of Rachmaninov's three symphonies and the most popular work in the world. Structurally, the whole music presents continuous ups and downs, and emotions are used to promote the development of the whole music, which obviously has something in common with the famous Piano Concerto No.2. It can be said that this song clearly shows the characteristics of Russian music from the end of 19 to the 20th century, and vividly shows it in the form of characteristics of Rachmaninov. The work was completed from the autumn of 1906 to the spring of 1907.

The whole song is divided into four movements: the first movement, from Adagio to Allegro of the Mean, E minor, sonata form. The music started quietly with a slightly melancholy beginning. In the main part (Allegro to the Mean), the first theme of tension is presented by violin, and the second theme of lyricism is sung softly by woodwinds and strings in G major. After entering the development department, the theme tends to be high while developing. After a violent climax, the music entered the reproduction department. After the first and second themes are reproduced in Rachmaninov's way, the movement ends with the ending part composed of materials that enter the violin motivation.

The second movement is Allegro, A minor and Scherzo style. The French horn follows the rhythm of the beginning, starts to play the theme with rough style, and then gives it to the string part. Music rises with the theme as the center, until the brass tube that emphasizes rhythm stops in a shouting way. Soon, a soft and elegant tune sounded around the violin, but it was immediately dispelled by the rhythm of the scherzo.

Adagio in a major. First of all, the violin sang a smooth melody with the beautiful sentiment of Slavic style. Then change to a clarinet with beautiful melody. The theme of this movement is also the most touching part of the whole symphony.

Allegro vivacious in the fourth movement in e major. After a short and intense prelude, a strong first theme is brought out. After repeating this theme, after a hearty paragraph, the second theme moved to D major appeared. On the one hand, music reproduces the previous theme and motivation, on the other hand, it pushes the whole song to a climax as powerfully as a triumph. The ending part centers on the rhythm of the first theme and ends the whole song beautifully.

Piano Concerto No.2

Piano Concerto No.2 in C minor is known as Rachmaninov's "highest masterpiece" and is widely loved and welcomed by the world. Of all the piano concertos created by Russian composers, this piece is the best masterpiece.

This song not only has a perfect structure, but also gives full play to the lyrical and piano-like effects, which achieve an excellent unity. In particular, several melodies in this song are full of romantic interest, so they are often sung together with various lyrics, or they are compiled into jazz by the world and widely circulated. 1892 rakhmaninov won the piano gold medal, and after graduating from Moscow conservatory of music in the same year, it has been quite promising. At this time, he was commissioned to make a piano concerto, so he started writing at 1899. However, it didn't take long for him to suffer from severe neurasthenia until May of 1900, so this song was actually written in 190 1 year. Some people think that the melancholy character of this concerto comes from Rachmaninov's illness. Actually, that's not all. Judging from the grand momentum of this song, it is better to say that it is an excellent work of Rachmaninov when he is fully recovered and full of creative desire.

The whole song is divided into three movements: the first movement, medium board, C minor, 2/2 beat and sonata form. At the beginning, the main piano played eight bars of gloomy and heavy chords, like a bell. Then came the powerful first theme of orchestral music in C minor (fragment 1). Under the guidance of viola, the second theme of piano performance in E flat major (fragment 2) appeared. This theme is full of sweet sadness and is considered as one of the melodies with "the most characteristics of Rachmaninov".

The second movement is a solemn and soothing trilogy. The theme at the beginning comes from the lyric theme of the first movement, which is full of contemplative thoughts, in sharp contrast with the theme of the main part (segment 3).

Allegro wit in the third movement, C major, 2/2 beat, almost Rondo. At the end of the string performance, the piano played the first theme and fully developed this theme. The oboe and viola sang the second theme (the fourth paragraph) continuously, which was in sharp contrast with the first theme. At the end of the movement, the piano modified the melody with strong sounds and gradually accelerated the speed, and finally ended the whole song with the strong performance of the piano and the whole band.

rhapsody on a theme of paganini

Paganini Rhapsody is one of Rachmaninov's most important works. If all of Rachmaninov's music is forgotten by the world, then the last one will be Paganini's Rhapsody. Many music lovers know Rachmaninov through this work, and then they come into contact with his other works, such as the second piano concerto, symphonic dance music and so on. One of them, Andante (Var. 18), is a well-known work, and was included as background music in the movie SomewhereinTime.

Paganini theme rhapsody was written in 1934. At this time, great changes are taking place in the world music scene. Traditional musical rules such as tonality system, form and rhythm have been abandoned and replaced by "new music" of various schools, and atonal music, expressionism, post-romanticism, neoclassicism and twelve-tone series have appeared one after another. Paganini's theme rhapsody is based on Paganini's "24 Violin Capriccios" more than 0/00 years ago. Using the musical theme of "Capriccio XXIV", he wrote a piano and orchestral work with a single movement, complex and profound skills and great momentum, which became the masterpiece of romantic music school in the19th century.

Paganini's theme rhapsody expresses the composer's personal style with brilliant skills. However, the most memorable thing in the work is not the dazzling skills, but the slow change of 18. The whole rhapsody suddenly slows down here, playing a simple lyrical melody, which is cheerful, beautiful and touching, and of course implies the "Russian melancholy" that will never fade. This piece of music was sung on the piano first.

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His work "elegy" is sad and lonely, and the sound is endless. All the melancholy feelings were released.

Music evaluation

Rachmaninov tried to express the thoughts and feelings of a loyal and sincere ordinary person in his music, and tried his best to explore ways for everyone to understand easily. In this respect, he can be said to be the direct successor of Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky.

His music often contains fantasy, tragic sadness and other factors, and often leaves indelible traces of inner tragedy. Such profound lyricism and drama also make his works close to Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky. Rachmaninov's works are narrow in content and often limited to expressing personal inner spiritual experience, but they are very moving and poetic.

In addition to emphasizing the tragic factors, his music sometimes eulogizes happiness, praises the natural features of the motherland with great strength, and carefully depicts some refreshing and tranquil images.

Rachmaninov's music is full of wonderful melodies. He was a talented melody writer among his contemporaries. His melody writing is closely related to the slow songs in Russian folk songs. His works are also good at harmony language and polyphony. These are the reasons why Rachmaninov's music has such touching power.

Film and television image

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Director; PavelLungin

Starring: лияахедаоваолегандр.

Language: Russian

Country of manufacture: Russia

Release date: June 22, 2007

The film Lilac is based on the life of the famous Russian composer Rakhmaninov and the color film Lilac made in Russia in 2007. Lilacs run through the whole film. With this meaning, Rakhmaninov, who is far away from home, is deeply homesick. "Lilacs" was originally the fifth song in his collection of songs (Op.2 1), and it was an excellent romance. Later, Rachmaninov adapted it into a piano solo, which was really worth listening to.