Shang Yang (about 395 BC-338 BC), a statesman, reformer and representative of Legalism in the Warring States Period, was descended from Wang Wei. Her surname is Gongsun, so she is also called Wei Yang and Gongsun Yang. Later, due to his meritorious service in the Hexi Campaign, he was named fifteen cities Shang Jun, so he called it Shang Yang. Shang Yang was the first thinker in the history of China who advocated that criminal law should be equally applied to civilians and nobles. Shang Yang turned Qin into a rich and powerful country through political reform, which is called Shang Yang's political reform in history. Politically, Shang Yang reformed Qin's household registration, rank, land system, administrative divisions, taxation, weights and measures, and folk customs, and formulated harsh laws. Economically, Shang Yang advocated attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce, and rewarding agriculture and weaving. Militarily, Qin Jun, commander-in-chief of Shang Yang, recovered Hexi. Shang Yang and his reform had a far-reaching influence on Legalists. When Sima Qian wrote Historical Records, he independently wrote Biography of Shang Jun for Shang Yang. In addition, when Ma, a modern scholar, wrote the Collection of History of Qin Dynasty and the History of Qin Dynasty, Shang Yang and his proté gé Shi Jiao were combined in The Biography of Gongsun Yang.

Basic information

Real name: Shang Yang

Nicknames: Wei Yang, Gong Sunyang

Font size: Shang Jun

Time: Warring States Period

Ethnic group: Huaxia ethnic group

Place of birth: Weiguo

Date of birth: about 395 BC

Time of death: 338 BC

Main works: Shang Jun and Qin Law.

Main achievements: Shang Yang's political reform

The life of the character

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Shang Yang (395-338 BC) was a statesman and a famous representative of Legalism in the Warring States Period. Descendants of Wang Wei, Ji surname, Gong Sunshi, called Wei Yang, also known as Gong Sunyang, later sealed in Shang, later called Shang Yang. In the 19th year of Qin Dynasty, Qin ruled the country, which was known as Shang Yang's political reform. When Sima Qian wrote Historical Records in the Western Han Dynasty, he established the Biography of Shang Yang-Biography of Shang Jun. In addition, when Wang Quchang wrote the History of Qin Dynasty, he combined Shang Yang and his favorite pupil, Shi Jiao, in The Biography of Gongsunyang.

Early career

Shang Yang's "Learning to Be Excellent and Being an Official" is a book devoted to the rule of law, which is deeply influenced by Li Kui, Wu Qi and others. Later, he was the prime minister of Wei, and when Gong Shucuo was seriously ill, he said to him, "Gong Sunyang is a young wizard and can be appointed as the prime minister." He also said to King Hui: "Since Sun Yang is not needed, you must kill him and don't order him to leave the country." After Uncle Cuo's death, Shang Yang heard that he was brilliant, so he went to the State of Qin with his Fa Jing. Through eunuch Jing Ke's three visits to filial piety, Shang Yang talked about the policy of reforming the country, and filial piety was a great pleasure. In the first 359 years, he served as the head of Zuo Shu and began to reform. Later, he was promoted to a big beam seat.

Carry out reform

In 13 (the first 356 years) and 19 (the first 350 years), Zhou Xianwang carried out two political reforms. The content of the reform is "abandon minefields, open buildings, implement the county system, reward farmers for fighting, and implement the method of sitting together." At this time, the prince broke the law, and Shang Yang said, "Fa!

Loading abandoned ore fields and opening buildings (Korean portrait bricks)

If you can't do it, you can do it from above. ",punish the teacher GongZiQian and teacher GongSunJia. In the sixteenth year of Qin Xiaogong (366 BC), a teacher and a son of God broke the law again, and Shang Yang was sentenced to cut off his nose. The reform has been going on for a long time, and the Qin people are happy. There are no thieves in the mountains. In the first 340 years, Qin and Zhao defeated General Ang, the son of Wei, and Wei cut the land of Xihe and Qin, and the people moved to Daliang. At this moment, Wei Huiwang flew into a rage: "I hate what my uncle said. "Shang Yang was awarded the title of Shang Wuyi for his work.

In 359 BC, when Shang Yang assisted Qin Xiaogong in brewing political reform, Gan Long and Du Zhi, representatives of the old aristocracy, rose up against the political reform. They think that profit is unchangeable and it is not easy to use. "There is nothing wrong with the ancient law, and there is nothing wrong with politeness." Shang Yang pointed out in a tit-for-tat way: "There were pagans in previous lives, so there was no ancient law. If the emperor doesn't mend fences, why follow? " "Governing the world is different. At that time, the country was illegal, so Tang Wu was king without courtesy, and Yan Xia was not easy to die without courtesy. It is essential to resist the ancients, but there are not many people who follow the ceremony. " Therefore, he advocated "establishing the ceremony at that time and making the ceremony according to the matter" (Shang Jun Gengfa, Historical Records and Biography of Shang Jun). This refuted the so-called "legalist" and "etiquette" of the old aristocracy with the thought of historical evolution, and made public opinion preparations for the implementation of the reform. The illustration of Shang Yang's debate diagram in the textbook is a portrayal of this great debate at that time.

Battle of Hexi

It is the wish of two generations of monarchs, Qin Xiangong and Qin Xiaogong, to recover the lost land in Hexi and restore the hegemony of Qin Mugong. After Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne, recovering the lost land in Hexi is one of the top tasks of the country. In 354 BC, Zhao attacked Wei, an ally of Wei, and captured Qi Guohe (both in Changyuan County, Henan Province), which led to Wei's interference: Wei sent troops to surround the capital of Zhao (now Handan City, Hebei Province). Qin Xiaogong took advantage of Wei Jun's main attack to send troops to attack Wei, attacked Yuanli (now south of Chengcheng County, Shaanxi Province), smashed Wei Jun, annihilated 7,000 defenders and occupied Shaoliang (now southwest of hancheng city, Shaanxi Province). This war opened the prelude to Qin Xiaogong's recovery of lost territory. As the main commander to recover the lost land in Hexi, Shang Yang showed his military and diplomatic skills in the war. After two political reforms, the national strength of Qin gradually became stronger.

Battle of Anyi Guyang

In 353 BC, Zhao Chenghou sent an envoy to the State of Qi for help, and sent troops to save Zhao in two ways, all the way with the Qi army and Song Dynasty. The troops led by Gong Suncang of Wei besieged Xiangling of Wei (now Sui County, Henan Province). In the same year, Wei Jun attacked Handan, the capital of Zhao, but was defeated by the Qi army led by Tian Ji and Sun Bin. Jing Ke, a general, was sent to save Zhao and seized the land between Suishui and Laishui of Wei. In 352 BC, Qin Xiaogong took advantage of the emptiness of Wei, appointed Shang Yang as the girder seat, led the army to March in, surrounded Wei, and occupied Anyi, the old capital of Wei (now northwest of Xia County, Shaanxi Province). Wei Huiwang quickly sent troops to the east of Guyang (that is, Ding Yang, now east of Yan 'an City, Shaanxi Province) to build the Xiaoshan Great Wall (starting from Xiaoshan in the southeast and reaching the Yellow River in the northwest) to stop Qin Jun's attack. In 35 1 year BC, Shang Yang led his troops to surround and occupy Guyang.