1630, Zhang revolted in Mizhi County (also Li Zicheng's hometown) north of Suide, and many hungry people joined the peasant army, including Li Dingguo, who was only ten years old at that time. Zhang often teaches these children to practice enemy killing skills such as riding and shooting. Li Dingguo behaved very well and was accepted by Zhang as his adopted son.
From then on, Li Dingguo followed Zhang's peasant army to Sichuan and Hubei, and gradually grew into an excellent young general. On February 2 1 day, 654 1 day, Li Dingguo led 28 riders to cheat and break the city gate of Xiangyang with the captured military symbols, captured and killed Zhu Yiming, king of Xiangyang, and forced Yang Sichang, a university student of Tengger in Ming Dynasty, to commit suicide.
1643 In May, Zhang occupied Wuchang, and in June, he called himself "King of the Great West". At this time, Li Dingguo began to become independent, with two Manebas under his command. 1644 165438+ In October, Zhang proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title "Daxi". Zhang named his four most trusted semes as General Pingtung, General Li Dingguo as General Anxi, General Funan and General Ai Nengqi as General Dingbei. It can be seen from Zhang's conferring the four semes that his idea is to emulate Liu Bang and Liu Bei, take Sichuan as the foundation of the country, and then compete for the Central Plains. But the importance of Sichuan made the Nanming regime at that time not give up easily.
Before the arrival of the Qing army, Nanming and the Great Western Army were fighting to the death, which was also a tragedy of our Han regime. Li Dingguo officials took General Anxi as a former army commander and moved to northern and southern Sichuan. Zhang was defeated by the Ming Dynasty and lost Chongqing. 1646, the Qing army attacked Sichuan. Zhang was forced to give up Chengdu. In 65438+February, in the battle of Fenghuang Mountain in Xichong, Zhang was unfortunately captured by an arrow and killed by the Qing army.
The Great Western Army is in a state of disintegration, with less than 50,000 or 60,000 troops under the command of Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo. Being forced to withdraw from the south is a bit like "a layman in foreign wars and an expert in civil wars." The western army attacked Chongqing on a large scale, killed Amin's general Zeng Ying (drowned in the water), invaded Guizhou and was invincible all the way, and then invaded Yunnan in February 1647.
At this time, Yunnan is in the rebellion of Sha Dingzhou, a local official of ethnic minorities, attacking the city and trapping the government, and the Ming army is showing the trend of disintegration. The Great Western Army duly played the banner of assisting the Ming army in counterinsurgency, and was supported by the landlords and evil gentry of the Ming Dynasty, which was able to supplement the soldiers' salaries and food supply. Sun Kewang and others commanded the army to comply with public opinion, hanged the common people, and soon defeated the rebels in Shadingzhou and regained Kunming. 1in April, 647, Li Dingguo led a team south from Kunming, pursued Shadingzhou and besieged the rebels in Lin 'an. After months of hard fighting, Sha Dingzhou was finally captured alive and sent to Kunming for execution. Therefore, Li Dingguo became famous in World War I and became the most famous Han general in the southwest border. His team has also expanded rapidly, absorbing a large number of Yi and Bai minority soldiers and growing to more than 50,000 people, becoming the most powerful one of the four armies in the Western Region.
However, at the same time of victory, the leadership of the Great Western Army has become increasingly prominent in front of people. Zhang's four sons all have ulterior motives, while the eldest son plays the role of heir. In order to establish authority, he made an example and found fault with Li Dingguo in public. Persuaded by people, Li Dingguo endured the punishment of killing a stick in order to take care of the overall situation.
1in April 647, the army of the Western Expedition captured western Yunnan and captured Yang Zhiwei, a celebrity of the Ming Dynasty, alive, but Sun Kewang didn't kill him and treated him with courtesy. In Yunnan, the Great Western Army and the Ming Dynasty showed signs of resisting each other. In the second year, the Great Western Army actually controlled the whole Yunnan Province.
1649, Sun Kewang sent Yang Zhiwei to Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province to visit Li Yong, Emperor of Nanming, hoping that the government of Nanming would canonize him as king. However, some powerful ministers of Nanming government opposed the conferring of Sun Kewang as king, only conferring Sun Kewang as Jing Gong and Li Dingguo and Liu Wenxiu as Hou. Yang Zhiwei couldn't go back to work, so he tampered with the imperial edict and appointed Sun Kewang king of Liao Ping. Unexpectedly, Sun Kewang couldn't wait, and threatened to attack Nanming if he didn't seal the king. Chen Bangchuan, the closest army to Sun Kewang in the Ming Dynasty, was very afraid and lied that Sun Kewang was the king of Qin. As a result, both sides were exposed at the same time
1650 in August, Sun Kewang sent someone to the Nanming government again, demanding that he be officially named King of Qin, but he was rejected. In September, Sun Kewang attacked Nanming, led his troops into Guizhou and captured Zunyi and Guiyang. Liu Wenxiu led the troops into Sichuan, and Li Dingguo led the troops to capture Anshun, Guizhou. 165438+ In October, the Qing army took advantage of the fire to rob Guangdong and Guangxi, and captured Guangzhou and Guilin. Li Yong, Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, fled to Nanning, and then he promised to be crowned King of Ji. Sun Kewang refused, and he had to be named King of Qin to accept it. Sun Kewang sent He Jiuyi to see Li Yong. As soon as He Jiuyi arrived in Nanning, he killed all the Nanming officials who blocked the sealing of the king. In this case, Li Yong was forced to make Sun Kewang king of Qin. The joint anti-Qing alliance between the Great Western Army and Nanming was formally formed.
Facing the downfall, the Li Yong dynasty in Nanming was supported by the western army before it could survive. Sun Kewang guarding Guiyang, Li Dingguo was ordered to move to Kunming guarding Yunnan. This is the true expression of his heroic deeds. Li Dingguo adopts the policy of light taxes and light services, reducing the burden on the people, encouraging the development of education in Yunnan, and winning the support of the masses. At the same time, he also trained 30 thousand soldiers every day; Many elephants were purchased from Myanmar and a special force elephant soldier was trained, which greatly improved the combat capability of the troops.
1652, Li Dingguo wrote to Sun Kewang, demanding to attack the Qing dynasty. Agree with Li Dingguo's suggestion, and form the East Route Army with Li Dingguo and Feng, with more than 100,000 people attacking Hunan. Wang and Jiang will mainly form the Northern Route Army to attack Sichuan. Li Dingguo was disciplined before he went through the customs from Zhenyuan, Guizhou Province, and Lien Chan was victorious. Take Yuanzhou and Jingzhou, and behead the company commander Yang Guoxun. Kill Li Si of Hu Ze and conquer the whole country. 1 in July, Li Dingguo fought against Kong Youde, the head coach of the Qing army, and was one of the most famous San Francisco in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The two sides fought bloody battles in the rain, and Li Dingguo promptly put soldiers-like special forces into the battlefield. In the horrible atmosphere of thunder and lightning, the Qing army finally fled, and Li Dingguo invaded the army and killed it to the Rongjiang River, killing a river of blood and corpses everywhere. Kong Youde retreated to Guilin. On July 2nd, Li Dingguo organized troops to attack Guilin day and night. On the 4th, Li Dingguo conquered Guilin, and Kong Youde, king of Dingnan in Qing Dynasty, threw himself into the river. Another traitor, Chen Bangchuan, was captured alive and sent to Guiyang for execution. Then Li Dingguo captured Liuzhou, Wuzhou and other places, expelled the Qing army and occupied the whole territory of Guangxi. Li Dingguo's army continued northward, conquering Yongzhou, Hengyang and Changsha in Hunan, and the vanguard advanced to Yuezhou (now Yueyang). We divided our troops and marched eastward, all the way to Ji 'an, Jiangxi. In only half a year, Li Dingguo captured two states and twelve counties, with a territory of 3,000 li, and the army did not commit crimes in autumn. However, the Liu Wenxiu section of North Road won first and then lost. Defeated by Wu Sangui, the king of the day in the Qing court, and Chen Fu, the assistant commander, was also defeated. Li Dingguo's victory shocked the Qing court. After Guilin's triumph, Li Yong, Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, named Li Dingguo King of Xining and Liu Wenxiu King of Nan 'an. Sun Kewang was very jealous of Li Dingguo's exploits. He shared half of Li Yong's prize money to Li Dingguo, withheld Li Dingguo's imperial edict, and demoted Liu Wenxiu, who was heroically defeated. Sun Kewang's arbitrariness and selfishness brought ominous signs to the victorious great western army. 1652165438+10. In October, the Qing government sent a highly respected Prince Ni Kan to lead100000 elite soldiers to launch a counterattack against Li Dingguo. Li Dingguo knew that the enemy was menacing, and the headquarters was exhausted from continuous operations, so it was difficult to compete with the strong enemy. So I retired three rooms, voluntarily gave up Changsha and retired to Hengyang. 1 19 10 19, the Qing army pursued Hengyang at the gates, and the two armies fought fiercely in Hengyang. Li Dingguo's former deputy, Feng led the army to attack before and after, but he was afraid that Li Dingguo would make great contributions and destroy it to prevent Feng from going out, so Li Dingguo was caught in a bitter battle, and the two sides fought bloody battles for four days and nights. 23, Li Dingguo feint failed, the Qing army into an ambush, surrounded by layers. Ni Kan, the respected prince, led the army to run from left to right, but never broke through. In the end,100000 troops were wiped out and Ni Kan himself was killed. Guilin and Hengyang defeated hundreds of thousands of Qing troops twice, killed two Qing kings and liberated vast areas in Guangxi and Hunan. This was an unprecedented victory of the Ming Dynasty over the Qing War, which dealt a heavy blow to the plan of the Qing Dynasty to invade the southwest and inspired the morale of anti-Qing organizations in various places. Li Dingguo met with General Bai Wenxuan to prepare for the next battle plan of attacking Wuhan and capturing Nanjing. Just as the anti-Qing situation was good, Feng was ordered to retreat regardless of the overall situation, and he also withdrew. Although Li Dingguo won, he had no choice but to give up Hengzhou and retreat to Baoqing (now Shaoyang, Hunan). Mr. Gu Cheng said in the History of Nanming, "To explore the history of Nanming, there is a basic argument that can be proved by a large number of facts, that is, in terms of power comparison, the strength and potential strength of Nanming (including the power of regaining sight in Qing Dynasty) are not inferior to that of Qing Dynasty. The fundamental reason for its repeated defeats is that there are many contradictions among various anti-Qing forces, which tear each other and even conflict with each other, so that the Manchu nobles with quite limited strength can reap the benefits of fishermen. " This is an unreasonable analysis. Then, Sun Kewang wrote to invite Li Dingguo to Yuanzhou to discuss military aircraft. When Li Dingguo was about to leave, Gong Yi, Li Dingguo's confidant around Sun Kewang, sent someone to report that after Li Dingguo arrived in Yuanzhou, Sun Kewang plotted to kill him. So Li Dingguo stopped his trip to Yuanzhou and wrote to ask Sun Kewang. In order to avoid confrontation with Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo left some troops stationed in Hunan and was forced to lead 50,000 troops south to Guangdong and Guangxi. When Sun Kewang saw Li Dingguo leaving Hunan, he led more than 100,000 troops to attack the Qing army, and he also wanted to win a total victory to improve his prestige. 1653 In March, Sun Kewang was defeated by the generals of the Qing army in Baoqing because he was arrogant and despised the enemy. See "Bao Qing Fu Zhi" Volume 21 "Wu Beizhi" in the 24th year of Kangxi? "Bingji" says: "In April of ten years (it was March at that time), Baylor led his troops to defeat Sun Kewang in Zhoujiabao, and there were corpses everywhere. I hope to ride Wugang alone. Our division pursued the victory and returned to Baoqing House. " Sun Kewang lost many places occupied by Li Dingguo. Li Dingguo began to have bad luck again and again, leaving Hunan for Guangxi, trying to recapture Guangdong. First of all, it was defeated in Yongzhou, unable to attack Zhaoqing, and only occupied small counties such as Huazhou, Wuchuan and Xinyi. Guilin was defeated again and returned to Liuzhou. 1653 In July, if Li Dingguo was not removed from his post, Sun Kewang would not be able to sleep. He even sent Feng to attack Li Dingguo, and a large-scale civil war broke out in Nanming. Li Dingguo set an ambush, captured Feng alive and let him go. Feng Da was moved and fell beside Li Dingguo. The civil war was thus postponed. Li Dingguo was the most outstanding strategist in Nanming, and he analyzed the overall situation with excellent strategic vision. After the restoration of Huguang, the plan to follow Sun Kewang eastward could not be realized, so he decided to contact Zheng Chenggong in order to revive the great cause. His strategic intention is to join hands with Zheng Chenggong to recover Guangdong first, and then seize Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces. 1654, Li Dingguo contacted Zheng Chenggong's water army and other anti-Qing organizations, claiming that 200,000 troops besieged Guangdong Xinhui. Shang Kexi, commander-in-chief of the Qing court at that time, and Geng Jimao, king of Jingnan, were all afraid of Li Dingguo's fame and did not dare to rescue him in Guangzhou. Li Dingguo's siege of Xinhui County actually started in June and lasted for half a year, but it still failed to break the city. The battle was very bitter, because of the lack of food, the Qing soldiers guarding the city actually killed people and ate them. On February 4, 65438+65438, Giummarra, the general of Jingnan appointed by the Qing court, came to rescue Xinhui, and Shang Kexi and others also sent troops to help. After four days of fierce fighting, on the day of 18, the elephant soldiers in Li Dingguo were shelled by the Qing army and turned back, and the troops fell into chaos. The Qing cavalry raided from two wings, and Li Dingguo was unable to resist the enemy. The whole line was defeated, and it was not until it was defeated by Nanning that it gained a foothold. More than 20 counties at the junction of Guangdong and Guangxi all fell. Li Dingguo's strategy of restoring Guangdong and pioneering in the south of the Yangtze River was a complete failure. After that, he never had the strength and opportunity to enter Guangdong, and the hope of reviving Nanming was dashed. Sun Kewang, on the other hand, quickened the pace of usurping power and calling himself emperor, built a palace in Guiyang, sent troops to defend Tianzhou in the northwest of Nanning, and prevented Li Dingguo from returning to Yunnan. 1656, Li Dingguo decided to put down the rebellion in Sun Kewang, led his troops back to Yunnan, and Sun Kewang, the defender of Tianzhou, was defeated without a fight. Sun Kewang tried to hijack Li Yong, but his general Bai Wenxuan had fallen to Li Dingguo's side, so he planned bankruptcy. Due to the merits of Li Dingguo and other guards,1in March 656, Emperor Li Yong promoted Li Dingguo to the position of King of Jin. 1657 In August, Sun Kewang attacked Yunnan with140,000 troops and confronted Li Dingguo. Sun Kewang's generals Ma Jinzhong and others turned against each other. Sun Kewang abandoned his relatives, leaving only more than 20 people, including his wife, and fled to Changsha, surrendering to the Qing Dynasty and becoming a shameful traitor. Although the rebellion in Sun Kewang has subsided, the power of the Li Yong regime has been greatly weakened, especially the hidden dangers represented by Ma Jixiang have not been eradicated. Ma Jixiang colluded with Sun Kewang to do evil. Li Dingguo originally wanted to arrest Ma Jixiang, but Ma Jixiang asked Li Dingguo to put in a good word and praised Li Dingguo, thus defrauding Li Dingguo's trust and staying with Emperor Li Yong. At the same time, when Li Dingguo incorporated Sun Kewang's army, not a bowl of water was even, which led to discord within the army. 1February 658, the Qing government took the opportunity to attack Guizhou and Yunnan in three ways, with Doni as the commander in chief. North Road is Wu Sangui, the king of the day; South Road is Du Tong Zhuo Bu Tai; In the middle are Hong Chengchou and Lotto. In April, Liu Wenxiu, an important general of Nanming regime, passed away. In the same month, the old king defected in Yongchang. In order to quell Wang's rebellion, Li Dingguo led an army to conquer it. While Li Dingguo conquered Wang Ziqi, the Qing army had captured Guiyang and Chongqing. In July, Li Yong appointed Li Dingguo as the general marshal to meet them. Li Dingguo suited three road stopped, oneself in the middle of the coordination. However, his defense line in Qianxi was quickly broken by the Qing army, and the three-way Qing army invaded Yunnan, and the situation was irreparable. Li Dingguo returned to Kunming and held an emergency military meeting. Although Yibin, Leshan and Xichang in southwest Sichuan were still under the control of Nanming, there were still 30,000 elite soldiers in Liu Wenxiu. You can also contact 13 anti-Qing organizations, such as Kuidong, whose main force is the former Dashun Army. However, considering the disharmony between Dashun Army and Daxi Army, Li Dingguo decided to move to the border of Hunan and Guangxi and continue to deal with the Qing court. Because once the situation is unfavorable, you can rush to the southeast and meet Zheng Chenggong's department in Xiamen; In case of failure, you can go to sea, occupy the island and continue to deal with the Qing Dynasty. However, Emperor Li Yong was as afraid of the enemy as a mouse, so he decided to take an escape strategy and fled to Myanmar. 15 On June 5438+05, Emperor Li Yong retreated from Kunming and fled abroad. 1659, the troops behind Bai Wenxuan were defeated by the Qing army. Li Dingguo resolutely packed down archers, selected 6,000 people to ambush in Mopanshan, west of Nujiang River, and set three ambushes. Sure enough, Wu Sangui's pursuer got into the ambush ring unconsciously. Don't want to at this critical time, Ming officials Lu Guisheng mutiny, tipped off Wu Sangui. The ambush turned into a bloody battle. Two-thirds of Li Dingguo's troops died, and many old people died heroically. Of course, the Qing army also suffered heavy casualties, with more than a dozen officers and thousands of people below the commander-in-chief Wu Sangui had to give up the pursuit for the time being. After the bloody battle in Mopanshan, Emperor Li Yong and his ministers fled to Myanmar and lost contact with Li Dingguo. Li Dingguo refused to enter Myanmar, and assembled troops scattered in western Yunnan to prepare for a decisive battle with the Qing army. Li Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan met in Mubang and sent people to Myanmar to find Emperor Li Yong. Their emissary was killed by Burmese. Myanmar thought that Nanming's army had been defeated, and wanted to take advantage of the fire to rob the Ming army. Bai Wenxuan was furious and ordered a counterattack. The main force of the Burmese army ("hundreds of thousands" in the literature, which may be exaggerated) lined up on the other side of the river to prepare for the battle. When the Ming army crossed the river to attack, it defeated the Burmese army only by riding more than a hundred times, and the Ming army took advantage of the situation to cover it up. It is said that more than 10,000 Burmese troops were killed or injured. Burmese officials moved out of Emperor Li Yong and asked him to order Bai Wenxuan to withdraw. Ming generals Guangchang Hou Gaowengui and Huairen Hou Wu Zisheng also led military forces into Myanmar to meet the enemy. Li Dingguo went to the table more than 30 times, trying to recapture the Emperor Li Yong, but was stopped by the Burmese government and the traitor Ma Jixiang around the Emperor Li Yong. The Burmese government sent troops to house arrest Emperor Li Yong. In order to rescue the emperor, Li Dingguo tried to enter Myanmar twice, but failed for various reasons. Li Yong's loyal minister Mu's self-help operation was also shattered by Ma Jixiang. Many generals and officials of the Ming army were disheartened and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. Finally, even Bai Wenxuan surrendered. Li Dingguo is the only one who is determined. Just a word, "the wind knows the grass is strong, and the fire knows the real gold." 166 1 In July, Wu Sangui led 100,000 troops into Myanmar. 12 On February 3rd, the King of Myanmar handed over Emperor Li Yong to Wu Sangui, and the Nanming regime perished. Li Dingguo and others conspired to intercept Li Yong on Wu Sangui's way to Beijing. 1662 In April, Emperor Li Yong was killed by Wu Sangui in Kunming. Hearing the news that Li Yong was killed, Li Dingguo was very sad. Li Dingguo's plan to borrow troops from Dongli and Siam failed, and at the same time, the soldiers in the army fell ill because of acclimatization, and a series of blows followed. 1662, 1 1 In June, Li Dingguo fell ill at the age of 42. On the night of June 27, Li Dingguo called his son and his department to warn him: "I would rather die than surrender!" He gave up the ghost and died. Li Dingguo, a famous tragic hero, died in Mengla, Yunnan.