Lotte in Yangzhou met for the first time.

Yuxi Liu Tang

The mountains were desolate and silent for twenty-three years.

People come back. Like people in Michelle, I can only play the flute, and I am disappointed.

On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower.

Today, listen to you sing a song, drink a glass of wine and cheer up.

Note: the word "long" of this director's spirit should be pronounced zh m \u ng.

source

This poem is from Liu Yuxi's collection of poems.

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I spent twenty-three years in the desolate places of Bashan and Chushui.

Missing an old friend, reciting Xiao Fu in vain, and returning home for a long time is not the past.

Next to the sunken ship, there is a passing Qian Fan, but before the diseased tree, there is a struggle in spring.

After listening to the poem you recited to me today, I will cheer up with this glass of wine for the time being.

To annotate ...

This poem was written by Liu Yuxi when he returned to Luoyang from Hezhou and met Bai Juyi via Yangzhou at the end of the second year of Tang Jingzong Baoli (826).

Reward: This means to answer with a poem. Lotte: refers to Bai Juyi, the word lotte. Ambassador: It's called the Secretariat.

Bashan Chushui: refers to Sichuan and the two lakes. Liu Yuxi was successively demoted to Langzhou, Lianzhou, Kuizhou and Hezhou. Kuizhou belonged to Pakistan in ancient times, and most other places belonged to Chu State.

Twenty-three years: it was twenty-two years from Liu Yuxi's demotion to Lianzhou secretariat after the failure of Emperor Yongzhen's reform in Tang Shunzong (805) to writing this poem, because he could not return to Beijing until the next year, so it was twenty-three years.

Dislike: Dislike.

Wendy's Fu: It refers to the Fu of Thinking of the Old written by Xiang Embroidery in the Western Jin Dynasty. The preface says: I passed Ji Kang by, and I remember him for writing this fu. Liu Yuxi used this allusion to commemorate the dead Wang, Liu Zongyuan and others.

Turn: adverb, and vice versa.

It seems: it seems.

Rotten Ke people: According to legend, Wang Jinshan in Jin cut wood and saw two boys playing chess. Seeing that the game was coming to an end, the young man asked Wang Zhi why he didn't go. Wang Zhi was shocked to find that the handle of the axe had rotted. Back to my hometown, I haven't met anyone for a hundred years (see Story Club). Liu Yuxi used this story to express that the world is cold, the personnel are completely different, and returning home every other year is like a lifetime ago.

Song 1: refers to Bai Juyi's poem "Drunken Gift to Twenty-eight Ambassadors of Liu".

Dragon (zh ǐ ng): Grow up, come on.

Biography of the author

Liu Yuxi (772-842), a poet, writer and philosopher in the middle Tang Dynasty, was known as the "great poet" (Bai Juyi called him a great poet because of his heroic poetic style). Liu Yuxi was born in Jiaxing (then Suzhou), Pengcheng (Xuzhou, Jiangsu) or Luoyang, Henan (to be verified), Han nationality, and Luoyang (now Henan). Self-talk originated in Zhongshan (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province).

Liu Yuxi, a former censor, is a member of Wang Reform School. His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities.

Later, Yongzhen failed to innovate and was demoted to Langzhou Sima. Instead of indulging in self-indulgence, he wrote with a positive and optimistic spirit, actively learned from folk songs, and created poems imitating folk songs such as Picking Ling Xing.

Liu Yuxi was once sent back to Beijing by imperial edict, and was demoted as a secretariat of Lianzhou because of a poem "Peach trees were all planted in Guanli, Du Xuan after Liu Lang went". Later, he was appointed as Jiangzhou Secretariat, where he wrote a lot of Zhi Zhu Ci. Many famous sentences are widely read. In the summer of 824, he wrote the famous "Missing in the Old Times" in Xipaotai Mountain: "Since Wang Jun brought his towering ship down from Yizhou, the ghost of the royal family has languished in Nanjing. The long Zhang Qian chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag was lowered on the stone wall. How many sad past in life, the mountains still remain cold. Today, every sea is home, and ancient fortresses are full of ruins and autumn reeds. " This poem was greatly appreciated by later literary critics and regarded as a masterpiece of Tang poetry with endless meanings.

Later, after several transfers, Liu Yuxi was sent to Suzhou as a secretariat. At that time, Suzhou was flooded and there was hunger everywhere. After he came to power, he opened a warehouse to relieve hunger, exempted taxes and reduced labor, and soon brought the people out of the disaster and lived a life of peace and contentment. Suzhou people loved him and thanked him, so they called Wei and Bai Juyi, who had been the secretariat in Suzhou, "three sages" and established the hall of three sages. Tang Wenzong also praised his achievements and gave him a Zijin fish bag.

Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang in his later years, making a guest appearance as a prince, adding school history, making friends and writing poems, and living a leisurely life. After his death, he was posthumously appointed Minister of the Interior.

There are more than 800 poems in existence. His poems study folk songs, reflect people's life and customs, have a wide range of themes, and draw lessons from the implicit, simple and beautiful characteristics of Bashu folk songs in style, which are fresh and natural, healthy and lively, and full of life interest. His satirical poems often use allegorical excuses to attack and suppress the innovative dignitaries in Yongzhen, which involves a wide range of social phenomena. In his later years, his style became more subtle, ironic and unobtrusive. There are more than 40 poems with the characteristics of folk songs. When Liu Yuxi was in Luoyang, he and Bai Juyi created the inscription "Recalling Jiangnan". In his early years, Liu Yuxi was as famous as Liu Zongyuan, known as "Liu Liu"; In his later years, he sang with Bai Juyi, also known as "Bai Liu", and the anthology of Liu Mengde (also known as "Anthology of Liu Zhongshan") has been handed down from generation to generation.

Later, he was politically dissatisfied and was demoted to Langzhou Sima. Instead of indulging in self-indulgence, he wrote with a positive and optimistic spirit, actively learned from folk songs, and created poems imitating folk songs such as Picking Ling Xing.

Liu Yuxi was once sent back to Beijing by imperial edict, and was demoted as a secretariat of Lianzhou because of his poem "Peach trees in Du Xuan Guanli were planted after Liu Lang left". Later, he was appointed as Jiangzhou Secretariat, where he wrote a lot of Zhi Zhu Ci. Many famous sentences are widely read. In the summer of 824, he wrote the famous "Missing in the Old Times" in Xipaotai Mountain: "Since Wang Jun brought his towering ship down from Yizhou, the ghost of the royal family has languished in Nanjing. The long Zhang Qian chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag was lowered on the stone wall. How many sad past in life, the mountains still remain cold. Today, the four seas are home, and the old castle is full of autumn reeds. " This poem was greatly appreciated by later literary critics and regarded as a masterpiece of Tang poetry with endless meanings.

Later, after several transfers, Liu Yuxi was sent to Suzhou as a secretariat. At that time, Suzhou was flooded and there was hunger everywhere. After he came to power, he opened a warehouse to relieve hunger, exempted taxes and reduced labor, and soon brought the people out of the disaster and lived a life of peace and contentment. Suzhou people loved him and thanked him, so they called Wei and Bai Juyi, who had been the secretariat in Suzhou, "three sages" and established the hall of three sages. The emperor also praised his achievements and gave him a purple and gold fish bag.

Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang in his later years, making guest appearances as a prince, making friends and writing poems, and living a leisurely life. After his death, he was posthumously appointed Minister of the Interior.

Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription is 8 1 word. But many people may not know that this masterpiece was written by Liu Yuxi in anger.

In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), Liu Yuxi became a distinguished guest of the Prince's seat after he was a scholar, and he also checked the history of the school, making his career prosperous. Later, he was exiled to Anhui and Zhou Zuoguan because he took part in Wang Yongzheng's political reform and offended the powerful ministers in the DPRK. According to the regulations of the local government at that time, he should live in the official residence of Yamen Miyake. However, Hezhou magistrate is a snob. When he saw Liu Yuxi being demoted, he made things difficult. First, he was arranged to live in the south gate of the county. Soon, he was asked to move to the north gate, from the original three rooms to one and a half rooms. Soon, he was asked to move to the city. In the past six months, I have moved three times in a row, and the housing is getting smaller and more humble, and the whole family can't settle down at all. Liu Yuxi felt that the county magistrate was deceiving others too much. He angrily wrote the article "The Inscription of the Humble Room" and asked the great calligrapher Liu Gongquan to write an inscription and stand in front of the door as a "memorial", which made a sensation for a while.

Liu Zongyuan, who was demoted as the secretariat of Liuzhou, Guangxi, is a scholar in the same list as Liu Yuxi, who is paid for poetry and has a deep friendship. When he was reading "Humble Room Inscription", he learned that Liu Yuxi had been snubbed by snobs and was resentful. He immediately wrote to the court asking: "I'd rather trade my assigned Liuzhou for Hezhou, although I got a felony, but I don't hate it." Although it has not been approved, we can see the noble quality of "a friend in need is a friend indeed, and a scholar is more blind".

The vicissitudes of life are like years. Snobbers have already turned into loess, but Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription" shines in history and lasts forever. In the ninth year of Yuan Dynasty, he was a scholar, entered the erudite course, and was awarded the supervision suggestion. He was demoted to Sima Langzhou and moved to Lianzhou as a secretariat because he participated in the King's political reform and opposed the separatist forces of eunuchs and buffer regions. Later, due to the recommendation of Prime Minister Pei Du, he was appointed as a prince guest, and was added as a collating department history, called Liu Ke. He befriended Liu Zongyuan, known as "Liu Liu", and often sang with Bai Juyi, also known as "Bai Liu". His poetry style is fresh and implicit, and he is good at absorbing the essence of folk songs and reflecting social life.

In his later years, he befriended Bai Juyi, known as Bai Liu, and advocated that songs and poems play an ironic role. Its ci is very distinctive, famous for its bright and beautiful branches, and highly praised by later poets.

Literary form/style/genre

Seven-syllable/seven-syllable metrical poem

Rules and forms of classical poetry creation

○ Pingsheng ● Pingsheng ⊙ Pingkecuo △ Yunping ▲ Yun Yun

The rhyme of this book is: eleven truths; It can be "eleven truths, twelve articles and thirteen yuan (half)".

The mountains were desolate and silent for twenty-three years.

○○●●○○●,●●⊙○●●△

People come back. Like people in Michelle, I can only play the flute, and I am disappointed.

○●⊙⊙⊙●●,●○○●●○△

On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower.

○○●●○⊙⊙,●●○○●●△

Today, listen to you sing a song, drink a glass of wine and cheer up.

○●⊙○○●●,●⊙○●⊙○△

background

Liu Yuxi participated in the reform of Wang Group. After his failure, he was banished to other places to be an official for 22 years. It will be twenty-three when I return to Beijing. In the second year of Tang Jingzong Baoli (826), Liu Yuxi went on strike and returned to Luoyang, and Bai Juyi returned to Luoyang from Suzhou. The two poets met in Yangzhou. Bai Juyi wrote "Drunken Gift to Twenty-eight Ambassadors of Liu" at the banquet: "Lead me to a glass of wine to fight with you. Although your poetry is first-class and can be called a national champion, it is doomed that you can't get it. Dou Rong's eyes are decent, but you stay lonely for a long time. Full officials have their own satisfactory positions, but you are empty. I also know that the name of the joint is folded, and it has been folded too much in 23 years. " Liu Yuxi wrote "Reward Lotte at the First Meeting in Yangzhou" to reward him.

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Liu Yuxi's poems of giving answers inherited Bai's last words, and emphatically expressed his feelings in this special environment. In Bai's poems, Bai Juyi expressed infinite feelings about Liu Yuxi's experience, and the last two sentences said: "I also know the name of the quilt, and 23 years is not too much." On the one hand, he lamented Liu Yuxi's unfortunate fate, on the other hand, he praised Liu Yuxi's talent and fame. You deserve bad luck. You are so talented! But twenty-three years of misfortune is too much. These two poems contain praise in sympathy, which is very euphemistic. Because Bai Juyi talked about the twenty-third year at the end of the poem, Liu Yuxi went on to say at the beginning of the poem: "Bashan Chu water is desolate, and in the twenty-third year, I gave up on myself." I have lived in the desolate area of Bashan Chushui for twenty-three years. Come and go, showing the intimate relationship between friends.

Then, the poet naturally felt: "Homesickness is empty, and I feel like a rotten ke when I go to my hometown." He said that he had been away for twenty-three years, and now he was back. Many old friends had died, so he could only recite Wendy Fu in vain to express his condolences. Coming back is like a previous life, and it feels completely different. It's not the past anymore. The latter sentence uses the allusion of Wang Fu-fu, which not only implies his long years of relegation, but also shows the change of the world after reunification and his unfamiliar and melancholy state of mind, with rich implications.

In Bai Juyi's poem, there are two sentences: "The scenery is long and lonely, and the official position of the Manchu dynasty is abolished", which means that all the contemporaries have been promoted, and only you have wasted your life alone in a desolate place, which is quite unfair to Liu Yuxi. In this regard, Liu Yuxi wrote in his poems: "Qian Fan is on the side of the shipwreck and Wan Muchun is in front of the sick tree." Liu Yuxi compared himself to a sunken ship and a sick tree. Although he is disappointed, he is quite philosophical. On the side of the sunken ship, Qian Fan is competing; Before a sick tree, everything is spring. He excavated these two sentences from Bai Juyi's poems, but encouraged Bai Juyi not to grieve for his loneliness and waste, showing his open mind about the changes of the world and the rise and fall of his official career. These two poems echo Baishi's poems "There is nothing I can do" and "I also know that the combination of talented people and fame is broken", but their ideological realm is higher than Baishi's poems and their significance is much deeper. Twenty-three years of relegation did not make him depressed. As he wrote in another poem: "Sang Yu is late because the sky is still full of summer." His sick tree needs to be refreshed to welcome spring. Because these two poems are vivid, they are still often quoted and given new meanings, which shows that new things will replace old things. Qian Fan is on the side of the sunken ship, and Wan Muchun is in front of the diseased tree, which means that new things will definitely replace old things. It can be extended that no matter what difficulties or setbacks you encounter, it is most important to always maintain a vibrant and optimistic attitude.

It is precisely because of the sudden emergence of couplets in "Sinking Boat", which changed the sad and depressed mood in front, the couplets went down with the trend and wrote: "Listen to a song by Jun today, and rely on a glass of wine for the time being, and the spirit will grow." Point out the meaning of Bai Juyi's problem. I was deeply moved by your poem today, so let's entertain with wine for the time being! With the warm care of friends, rachel expressed his desire to cheer up and get back into life. Show perseverance. The ups and downs in poetry and the boldness in depression are excellent works in appreciating poetry.

In his poems, Liu Yuxi first followed the phrase "I also know that being a talented person has lost too much in the past 23 years" in the white poem, expressing infinite bitterness and resentment at being demoted and abandoned. Then write my feelings of returning: the old friend has passed away, only endless nostalgia, and the personnel are completely different, and it feels like a lifetime ago. Infinite grief and disappointment can't help but arise. The poet then pushed aside and sank the boat, and Qian Fan entered the competition; Before a sick tree, a thousand trees strive for spring. Wash away the sad and depressed mood and show the impassioned spirit. It is not only a thank you for your concern, but also an encouragement to your friends, which shows the poet's firm will and optimistic spirit. The whole poem is sincere, gloomy and uninhibited, which not only embodies the profound philosophy of life, but also has a strong artistic appeal.

Cite allusions

Wendy Fu and Bad Ren Ke

The author used two allusions to express his long-term demotion.

"Wendy Fu" refers to "Thinking of Old Fu" written by Xiang Embroidery in the Western Jin Dynasty. Xiang embroidery and Ji Kang are good friends. Ji Kang was killed because he was dissatisfied with Sima Group, which was in power at that time. Once, Xiang embroidery passed by the former residence of Ji Kang, an old friend, and heard a neighbor playing the flute. Deeply distressed, he wrote Nostalgia. "nostalgia" means remembering those friends who were killed and demoted because of the failure of political reform, and can't miss them.

● "rotten people" refers to the quality of Jin people. According to Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Wang Zhi went into the mountains to chop wood. When he saw two boys playing chess, he stopped to watch. By the end of the game, the axe in his hand was rotten. When I returned to the village, I realized that one hundred years had passed and all my contemporaries had died. Going to my hometown is like a rotten person. Here, the author compares himself with the king and writes that although he has only been exiled to Beijing for more than 20 years, he feels isolated from the world.