The origin of the pseudonym "Cao Yu"
Cao Yu is taken from the traditional "Wan", and his surname is Wan. Looking apart, it is Cao Yu, who took Cao Yu instead of Cao Zi, hence the name Cao Yu.
Cao Yu's history as an audience of civilized dramas began with the embrace of his mother (stepmother).
Cao Yu's father, Wan Dezun, studied at Tokyo NCO School in the late Qing Dynasty and returned to China with Yan Xishan at the beginning of 1909. Before the Revolution of 1911 (19 16), he served as Li's secretary, and was awarded the rank after the founding of the Republic of China. He served as commander of Xuanhua and Chahar. Mother Xue was born in a merchant family and died of puerperal fever three days after giving birth to Jiabao. Cao Yu once said: "I lost my mother when I was a child, and my heart was very lonely." Xue Yong-nan, Xue's sister, became Jiabao's stepmother. She always regarded Jiabao as her own flesh and blood, and she was childless for life. Cao Yu's stepmother likes going to the theater. He watched many Peking Opera, local operas and civilized operas with his stepmother since childhood.
Cao Yu is an amateur actor who loves American TV series, but his history as an amateur actor began long before American TV series appeared. 19 15 When Cao Yu was five years old, he was tutored by his cousin Liu Qike, who was familiar with poetry, and began to act and make up plays with his classmates, but he did not go to a formal primary school. From 65438 to 0920, he finished his private school study and entered bank of tianjin Chinese-English Translation Institute, where he began to get in touch with the works of foreign writers such as Shakespeare. As a movement, "Love American TV" appeared after 192 1 year.
1922 entered the second grade of Nankai Middle School and became lifelong friends with Jin Yi (Zhang). 1923 began to be keen on new literary works, especially Lu Xun's Scream and Guo Moruo's Goddess, but he admitted that Diary of a Madman didn't understand it at that time, but Goddess made his blood boil. 1925, 15-year-old Cao Yu officially joined Nankai Middle School Literary Federation and Nankai New Troupe (one of the earliest troupes in China, founded by Yen Hsiu and Zhang Boling, the founders of Nankai School, and Zhou Enlai was an active member), and began his acting career.
1926, the novel where to sober up tonight was serialized in Xuanbei, the supplement of Tianjin Yongbao, and the pseudonym "Cao Yu" was used for the first time. Later, he published many poems, essays and novels translated by Mo Bosang in Nankai Weekly and Chinese Weekly. His poems "At the end of April, I bid farewell to a beautiful pedestrian" and "Nanfengqu" are all influenced by Guo Moruo's Goddess. 65438-0927 also participated in the drama rehearsal of Ding Xilin, Tian Han and Ibsen.
As a writer under the influence of the left-wing drama movement, although it happened after 1934, in 1928, after Cao Yu became the drama editor of Biweekly in Nankai, he began to conceive Thunderstorm. His father wanted him to be a doctor, but he failed to be admitted to Concord twice. In the summer of the same year, after graduating from Nankai Middle School with excellent results, Cao Yu was promoted to the Department of Political Science of Nankai University without examination, but he was not interested in the course of political economy. In the summer of 1930, he went to Beijing to apply for Tsinghua. In September, Cao Yu took eight students to Tsinghua University and entered the second year of the Department of Western Literature. He dabbled extensively in western literature, especially drama literature, and often went to see Peking Opera with Ba Jin and Jin Yi after school. At the end of the year, he became the editor-in-chief of Tsinghua Weekly with Qian Zhongshu and others.
From 65438 to 0933, 23-year-old Cao Yu began to write and conceive a five-year-long drama Thunderstorm and a graduation thesis about Ibsen. Cao Yu took the exam and went to Tsinghua to study, but he was not admitted. After graduation, I went to Baoding Mingde Middle School as an English teacher. I returned to Beijing after my illness at the end of the year, and returned to Tsinghua Research Institute after my illness, specializing in drama research. 1934 1 month, Literature Quarterly, edited by Zheng Zhenduo, Ba Jin and Jin Yi, was founded. After seeing Thunderstorm in Jinyi, Ba Jin advocated its immediate publication. In July, Thunderstorm was published in the third issue of the first volume of Literature Quarterly. At that time, it did not attract the attention of Chinese people, but attracted the praise of Japanese students studying in China. 1935 was translated into Japanese by Xing Zhenduo, a Japanese student from Imperial University of Commerce in Tokyo, and the drama party for overseas students from China premiered in the lecture hall of Kandahashi in Tokyo on April 27th. Guo Moruo wrote Thunderstorm About Cao Yu immediately after reading it, which was greatly appreciated. On August 17, a solo performance by Tianjin Normal University was performed for the first time in China (the third performance of the play), which immediately caused a sensation. Liu Xiwei (played by Li Jianwu), a famous Beijing dramatist and critic, published the article Thunderstorm, saying that it was "a play of a performer, a very long play".
1September, 934, invited to Tianjin to teach in Hebei Women's Normal College. 1936 In May, encouraged and urged by Ba Jin and others, he began to write Sunrise, giving classes to female teachers and students during the day and burying himself in writing at night. From June to September, it began to be serialized in Wen Ji Monthly, issue 1-4. 1936, before Cao Yu wrote his second work Sunrise, Thunderstorm, as the first collection of Cao Yu's plays, was published by Shanghai Cultural Life Publishing House hosted by Ba Jin. Therefore, "Sunrise" is not only Ba Jin's expectation, but also attracts extensive attention in the literary world. After the publication of Sunrise, under the auspices of Xiao Gan, the supplement of Tianjin Ta Kung Pao Literature and Art invited almost all the people from the literary circles at that time, including Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Ye Shengtao, Shen Congwen, Jin Yi, Li Guangtian, Zhu Guangqian, Yang Gang, Huang Mei and Xie Dike, the head of western literature department in yenching university, for two collective discussions, which was unprecedented. As a drama, the whole critical circle reacted so quickly and wonderfully, which is the first time in the history of China's drama and even China's modern literature. 1In August, 936, at the invitation of Yu Shangyuan, president of the National Academy of Drama, he went to Nanjing to teach drama, western drama, modern drama and drama criticism. 165438+ 10, directed the drama "Gilded" in Nanjing. 1937 from April to August, Yuan Ye was serialized in Wen Cong, and the first volume was edited by Jin Yi.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/938, he moved to Chongqing with the Theatre Academy. June+10, 5438, cooperated with Song Zhi to adapt the story of the whole people (the original play was a story created by Song Zhi, Chen Huangmei, Luo Feng and Shu Qun), which premiered in that month and caused a sensation in Chongqing. /kloc-in the spring of 0/939, he moved to Jiang 'an with the school. During the summer vacation, I wrote Metamorphosis. At the end of summer, he went to Kunming to direct vilen and Heizi 28 (that is, the general mobilization of the whole people). In the early winter, the teachers and students of the drama school went to Chongqing to perform Metamorphosis, and Chiang Kai-shek ordered the performance to be banned. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/940, he began to write Peking man, which premiered the following year. /kloc-resigned from the Theatre Academy at the beginning of 0/942, and went to Chongqing Tangjiatuo to create and adapt Ba Jin's home in the summer vacation. 1August, 943, I traveled to the northwest with my friends to prepare for the creation of the historical drama Li Bai and Du Fu. After returning to Chongqing, I wrote Bridge, which showed the contradiction between national capitalists and bureaucratic capitalists in the rear area. 1946, Lao She and He were invited by the State Council to give lectures in the United States via Shanghai and met with the famous German playwright Brecht twice. 1947 returned to Shanghai, and then worked as a director in Shanghai Wenhua Film Company. He wrote the screenplay Sunny Days and directed it himself. 1at the end of 948, to Hong Kong. At the beginning of 1949, arranged by the underground party of the Communist Party of China, it went to Peiping via Yantai.
1July, 949, attended the first literary congress. 65438-0950 Vice President of the Central Academy of Drama. 195 1 edited Selected Works of Cao Yu and made a lot of revisions to Thunderstorm, Sunrise and Peking Man. In the same year, he served as the editorial board of Script and People's Literature. In June, 1952, Beijing People's Art Theatre (a national theater specializing in drama) was established as the dean. In the same year, I collected materials for writing the script Clear Sky with the theme of an intellectual's ideological transformation, and started writing on 1954, and won the first prize of "the first national drama viewing performance" on 1956. Joined China in April, 1956. /kloc-in 0/960, he collaborated with Mei Qian and Yu Shizhi to create a historical drama "Sleeping for a Taste of Courage" (later renamed "Sword of the Brave"), and asked Shen Congwen about some historical materials in the drama. Shen Congwen wrote a long letter, describing in detail all aspects of wuyue society during the Warring States period, and then put forward some suggestions for revision. 1In August, 962, he began to write about Wang Zhaojun during his vacation in Beidaihe. During the Cultural Revolution, he was punished successively and kept a reception room in the Beijing People's Art Troupe and dormitory. 1973 was personally asked by Zhou Enlai, Prime Minister of the State Council, and was assigned to work in Beijing Repertory Theatre. 1975 participated in the four sessions of the National People's Congress. 1978, Beijing Repertory Theatre resumed its original name as "Beijing People's Art Theatre" and served as the dean again. In August of the same year, he went to Xinjiang to create Wang Zhaojun, and completed the first draft, which contained the No.1 People's Literature. 11.19961213 died.
Respondent: love 0 Nesta- trainee magician level 2 4-5 20:46
Cao Yu (19 10- 1996), whose real name is Wan Jiabao, is a playwright and drama educator in China. 19 10 was born in Qianjiang, Hubei, and was born in Tianjin on September 24th.
Cao Yu was born in a feudal bureaucratic family. His father Wan Dezun served as Commander-in-Chief, Commander-in-Chief Li and Secretary to the President. Cao Yu's biological mother died young, and her stepmother loved drama. She often took Cao Yu to watch national dramas and civilized dramas. Cao Yu didn't go to primary school, stayed at home, recited classics and read history, but he often peeked at books such as A Dream of Red Mansions, The Water Margin and The West Chamber.
Cao Yu spent his youth in Tianjin. Tianjin is an important town in the north, with developed commerce and convenient land and water transportation. Cao Yu witnessed the atrocities of the imperialists here, and also saw the labor of many "high-level hooligans, high-level villains" and "coolies", and heard the voice of selling children and girls coming from the alley late at night. This has played a great role in the formation of Cao Yu's anti-imperialist and patriotic thoughts and creative tendencies all his life, and also provided materials and character prototypes for some of his works.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/922, Cao Yu entered Nankai Middle School. This is a school with a democratic spirit. Nankai New Troupe was a famous campus troupe in China at that time. 1925, Cao Yu joined Nankai New Troupe and became an important backbone. On the one hand, he performed classical masterpieces, such as Moliere's Miser and Ibsen's Public Enemy. On the other hand, he created a new drama on current affairs and carried out democratic propaganda and agitation. Around this time, he read a lot of new literary works since the May 4th Movement. He once said that the works of Lu Xun, Guo Moruo and others made him "excited", more than Ibsen he liked. Because these works "aroused his concern about social problems in China".
1928 Cao Yu was promoted to the Department of Political Science of Nankai University. From 65438 to 0929, he was transferred to the Department of Western Literature in Tsinghua University. But he spent most of his time in libraries and stacks, greedily studying world famous works, especially the Greek tragedies and dramas of W. Shakespeare, E. O 'Neill, ап Chekhov and others. At the same time, I often go to Guanghe Building with my friends to enjoy the performances of famous Peking Opera artists and go to Tianqiao to listen to Quyi. Cao Yu also dabbled in some philosophical works of the East and the West. He "read Laozi, Buddhism and the Bible" and praised Plato's "magical utopia". He sympathized with Schopenhauer's deep melancholy about life, and loved Nietzsche's abundant vitality and superman thought. Both Solomon's wisdom and Jesus' sincere love for mankind made him sigh and admire. However, as an artist, he was moved by the spirit of these philosophers, but he did not become a prisoner of any kind of philosophical thought. He felt that "this society must change", so he wanted to "find a way" to solve the "serious problems" he felt in China society. But after reading these philosophical works, the answer is still "inexplicable." However, his persistent and passionate spirit of seeking was cast in his early works, which enhanced the ideological connotation and appeal of his works.
1988 1 1 Cao Yu was elected as the executive director of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles at the fifth congress of the Federation of Chinese Literary and Art Circles held in1October.