In the first year of teaching in Mount Tai, Sun Fu ranked fourth in the imperial examination. Through the introduction of Yuncheng literati Zhong Jian, Sun Fu got to know Shi Jie. Shi Jie built a room on Mount Tai, invited Sun Fu to give lectures, and served Sun Fu with Dong Zhang and other disciples. Sun Fu lived in Mount Tai for eight years, mainly engaged in the study of Confucian classics and giving lectures, and wrote sixty-four pieces of Yi Shuo and twelve volumes of Wang Zun Fa Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period, which gradually became famous all over the world.
Stepped into the official career celebration for one year (1042), with the recommendation of Fan Zhongyan and Shijie. At that time, Sun Fu worshipped Buyi, and served as the provincial school bookkeeper and secretary of imperial academy. Together with Shijie, he actively supported Fan Zhongyan's idea of "retro persuasion". Imperial academy implemented measures such as limiting the number of students and expanding the number of students admitted to imperial academy, which led to a sudden increase in the number of students and a prosperous situation in imperial academy in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the second year of Jiaqing (1057), he died in July.
Sun Fu is diligent in studying, learning the way of Zhou and learning the way of Confucius. First, I pursued the imperial examination fame, and then I studied knowledge and gave lectures, so I was 40 years old (50 years old) and not married. Li Jue, the prime minister at that time, knew Sun Fu's character and knowledge well, so he married his niece to him. Li Jue was a famous minister in the period of Song Zhenzong and Renzong. His position and achievements are outstanding, and he treats people well. He married his niece to Sun Fu, which increased his reputation and made the world know more about Sun Fu's sage. Sun Fuzhi's knowledge and personality soon spread all over the world, and for a time he became an academic authority. Daofu Kong, a descendant of Confucius, is a famous scholar in Longtuge. He also visited Sun Fu. During the visit, Shi Jie stood on the left and right sides of Sun Fu. During the ceremony, he will support him by raising or lowering his worship, and so will he when he goes to thank Daofu Kong. The Taishan Academy hosted by Sun Fu was an unprecedented event and became the center of academic activities at that time.
Sun Fu's fame attracted the attention of some ministers of the dynasty, such as Fan Zhongyan and Fu Bi. He was appointed as the minister of provincial studies, and imperial academy spoke directly. Later, Injong visited imperial academy and dressed Sun Fu Silverfish. He had intended to appoint Sun Fu as an assistant to give lectures to the emperor and explain the doubtful points of ancient books, but he failed because of people's opposition.
In the seventh year of Qing Dynasty (1047), he died, took over the case of Xuzhou Wenzhi, relegated to Westernization, and then returned to imperial academy to teach. Xuzhou Kong Guan Wenzhi got Sun Fu's poems from time to time when he lured the sergeant to arrest and search his home. Sun Fu was implicated and demoted to judge Tianfu. At this time, Zhao Yi, a bachelor of Hanlin, and more than ten officials interceded for him. Finally, he stayed to speak for imperial academy, and was moved to the post of Cheng in the palace and died.
When Sun Fu was seriously ill, Han Qi, the minister of the dynasty, told Song Renzong about it and appointed a scribe to give him a pen and paper, leaving his master with no choice but to help Sun Fu write the word 150000 and record it in the secret cabinet. Sun Fu is the author of Wang Zun Fa Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period (12), General in the Spring and Autumn Period (3), Sui Yang Zi Ji (10) and Yi Shuo (64). Judging from the contents of Sun Fu's works, what he learned was mainly to explain Kong Zhou's way. He advocated "respecting the king" and "orthodoxy", which met the needs of the ruling group and the wishes of the ruling class. Therefore, his academic thoughts have attracted the attention of the upper class of society.
Personal achievement education makes Sun Fuzhi's scholarship stand out from Confucianism. This Tao is not the so-called mysterious universe ontology of Taoism, but the highest principle of all social, political and ethical principles. He inherited the theory of Han and established a set of orthodox theories from ancient Fuxi and Yanhuang to Duke Zhou and Confucius and Mencius. He believes that Confucius made a "rule the world and prepare it with the way of the country." This theory puts the elite political and moral theory advocated by Confucius and Mencius above the imperial power, making the way of spreading Confucianism the fundamental principle that everyone, including the emperor, followed, and Confucianism became the emperor's teacher, which greatly improved the social status of Confucian scholars and constituted a powerful constraint on the autocratic imperial power. This is the most valuable and progressive highlight at the beginning of the rise of Neo-Confucianism. Although this kind of moral preaching can't fundamentally change the monopoly of imperial power, it has an objective value evaluation system in theory, which can hinder the emperor's improper behavior to a certain extent and help the people live and work in peace and contentment.
Sun Fu is an outstanding educator. He has been engaged in education for decades and achieved fruitful results. Because he believes that education is the most effective means to improve people's civilized quality, if Confucianism wants to be carried forward, it must first be educated: "Confucianism, which lasts for a long time, is also the foundation of education." Without enlightenment, people will be confused with animals, and the world will not be people's world. He criticized that it was useless for Xuan Di to despise Confucian scholars, which led to the confusion of discipline and customs, which led to the decline of the Western Han Dynasty. Sun Fu further proposed that education should be based on imperial academy: "Scholars are the root of education and the source of courtesy. The reason why the king is prosperous, the reason why human relations are right, and the reason why Liang Jun is good. " Obviously, this links imperial academy's enlightenment with the political clarity, and puts it in the fundamental position of governing the country and calming the world. This view is very wise.
Sun Fu's research method also has important creation. First of all, he put forward the method of "giving up the biography and seeking the classics", that is, starting from the needs of the times, he directly sought useful ways from the classics and expounded and put forward his own opinions with his own understanding.
On the one hand, Sun Fu's methods of "explaining without confusion" and "seeking classics without spreading" have developed into the thinking mode of "distinguishing righteousness and reason" in Neo-Confucianism, which is a great liberation of human thought and has certain significance of freedom of thought, thus injecting vitality into human thought and promoting the development of ancient thinking. On the other hand, this method is metaphysical, because there is no clear stipulation when expounding the principles of Confucian classics, so it is easy to become a vague discussion. Secondly, when Sun Fu put forward the method of "seeking classics by giving up biography", he had noticed the uncertainty contained in this method, and advocated the combination of literature and Taoism and practical learning, which opened up a new way for the study of classics in terms of methods.
Cultural achievement lies in the relationship between Tao and Wen. Tang Hanyu advocated that "literature should carry Tao" and Liu Zongyuan advocated "literature should be taken". Sun Fu further said that "writing is the use of Tao": "Writing is also the use of Tao; Tao is the foundation of teaching. " All the articles of poetry and songs "have many purposes, but they all belong to Tao and are called articles." This criticizes the bias of Taoism in abandoning literature and respecting Taoism, and admits that the great use of literature serves the advocacy of Taoism. In his view, the so-called Confucian Six Classics are all the works of saints, and they all clarify Confucianism and Taoism. The Six Classics has a very high status because of the spread of Confucius. Therefore, Ming Dow can't live without the Six Classics, but at the same time, he should point to the Six Classics and be reasonable. Sun Fu attached importance to the thought of the Six Classics Theory, which opened a precedent for the later Song studies, that is, Neo-Confucianism, and dared to break through the old theories of predecessors, thus carrying forward the innovative ideas and concepts in Song studies, which was also an ideological emancipation movement worthy of recognition at that time.
Achievements in Confucian Classics In Confucian Classics, Sun Fu wrote Yi Shuo, which was lost earlier. Sun Fu's study of Confucian classics mainly focuses on his study of Chunqiu, which has twelve volumes. Sun Fu's study of Chunqiu is characterized by ignoring the three biographies and interpreting them according to his own will. Based on the theory of "respecting the emperor and despising the monarch", this paper holds that the Spring and Autumn Annals has both praise and criticism, which highlights Mencius' thought that "Confucius became the Spring and Autumn Annals, but thieves were afraid", but its essence is related to the strengthening of centralized rule in the Northern Song Dynasty. Apart from the study of Chunqiu, there are three points in his academic thoughts that deserve attention: first, he advocates Confucian orthodoxy: he said, "I am a Taoist because there are Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu and Confucius; Mencius, Xun Qing, Yang Xiong, Wang Tong and Han Yu are also wise men. " (Sun Ming Fu Xiaoji: The Story of Taoist Belief) 2. Exclusion of Buddhism and Taoism: He wrote articles such as "Shame of Confucianism" and "Finger of Inaction", which specifically attacked Buddhism and Taoism, regarded the separation of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism as "shame of Confucianism", and then called on Confucianism to "attack with drums" in an attempt to revive Han Yu's cause of exclusion of Buddhism and Taoism. Thirdly, he criticized the essays in the imperial examination: he was greatly dissatisfied with the current situation that scholars were keen on essays in the four or six seasons at that time, emphasizing that "essays carry Tao" and "essays use Tao"; Taoism is also the foundation, and the composition should "teach by appointment, only help the saints" ("Sun Mingfu's Small Collection Answer Zhang").
Sun Fu is one of the representatives of Confucian Classics during the Qing Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his style of study has a great influence. Cheng Yi's "Answer to the Questions of the Ministry of Rites" notes: "Sun Diancheng said" Spring and Autumn Annals ",at the beginning of ten days, the number of people coming is unknown. It was not allowed in class, but I thanked him later, and there were many people listening outdoors. At that time, the study of Chunqiu was one of the most prosperous, and it has been handed down as a beautiful thing for decades. " (Volume 7 of Henan Cheng Wen Ji) This shows that scholars at that time recognized his style of study. Before Sun Fu opened up the atmosphere, scholars in the Spring and Autumn Period followed suit. Sun Jue, Qu Zifang, Ye Mengde, Hu Anguo, Cheng Gongzhi, Lu, Jia Xuanweng, the famous scholars of Chunqiu in Song Dynasty, are different from Sun Fuduo in content. However, Sun Fu was also severely criticized by scholars in Qing Dynasty because of his style of study. For example, officials from the Fourth Library of Qianlong criticized him for "cutting the pen of Kong Ting and turning it into the classics of Luo Zhi"; "If you look too deep and lose the original meaning of Chunqiu, start all over again" ("Si Kuquan Shu Jing Chun Qiu Category Summary").
The character evaluation also commented on the historian in this way: "People who talk about Spring and Autumn Annals in the future will probably regard this book as the basis for their own study of profound writing and exercise." It can be seen that Sun Fu not only provided the basic ideological content for the establishment of the Neo-Confucianism system, but also provided the methodology for further improving this theory. Neo-Confucianism is the most developed theoretical form in ancient China. Sun Fu is the pioneer of this theoretical form, and his role and influence are obvious, which occupies an important position in the history of ancient thought and Neo-Confucianism. Therefore, Zhu, a master of science, once said, "I dare not forget."
When Sun Fu failed in the scientific research, Gai ignored the annotation because of attaching importance to righteousness and reason, while Song Ting followed the style of study in Sui and Tang Dynasties and attached importance to literary accomplishment. Therefore, Sun Fu "knew that his way was out of date, did not dare to make further progress, and retired".
Ouyang Xiu commented: "Mr. Wang manages the Spring and Autumn Annals, and he doesn't mess with notes or classics for the sake of music."
The main work "Yu Xue"
Looking at heaven and earth in He Yun, everything is fighting for sweetness.
Feather scales are different, and the noise goes hand in hand.
People also have one thing in the meantime, hunger and thirst.
If it is not morality, what is the difference between birds and animals?
Life begins with diligence and ends with laziness.
At that time, people didn't know about Monk Yang Xiong's family in Xun Qing.
Because it was drilled for a long time, I rushed into the sanctuary.
Since learning is easy, we must be poor and not poor, and don't go to the doctor in a hurry.
Sven has been in decline for a long time, always thinking about driving and saying that he would help the danger.
Deaf the bright road, the body and Kong Ji are barriers.
If you don't learn right and wrong, you will be exhausted if you are careful.
Mid-autumn festival songs
The moon is one year old, and the shadow has made twelve circles.
How to compete for Luozun base tonight?
Love Ying Ying color, higher platform.
The heart is like this, try to speak for you.
The moon is the essence of water, and autumn is the spirit of gold.
Jinshui is born together, and the five elements are divided into things.
You know there are different feelings between heaven and earth.
Water is golden, and the moon is clearer because of autumn.
Qi makes it natural, and people have no feelings.
No pity night, it's all sold out.
It's not here that people flow from ancient poems.
Only glory, how can we solve the original ending?
You can't kiss without searching.
Please look at Song of Retirement, which is correct.
Sun Fu's Tomb, a memorial for later generations, is located in a valley 1000 meters southeast of Dongwazhuang Village, Timen Township, Dongping County, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and is a county-level cultural relics protection unit. The existing earth-sealing pile of Sunfu Tomb is 6 meters high and about 30 meters in diameter. In the past ten years, building dams and repairing dikes has destroyed the enclosure, but it has not touched the mausoleum. Seen from the natural section, the closed soil layer is not obvious.
Sun Fu (992— 1057) was born in Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi) during the Song and Jin Dynasties. Retreat to Mount Tai and study Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Mr. Mount Tai. All teachers are teachers. Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi, etc. , in addition to the provincial school secretary, imperial academy said directly. Injong personally visited imperial academy, just waiting for you to tell a story in front of the Ying Ge Pavilion, telling many differences and Confucianism. Go out to be an assistant county officer. After re-entering, he moved to the temple. He studied the Spring and Autumn Annals and emphasized the merits and demerits of the princes and doctors of the Ming Dynasty, so as to judge the ups and downs at that time and infer the rebellion of the emperor. His works include Spring and Autumn Annals and Sun Mingfu Collection.