Current location - Education and Training Encyclopedia - Resume - Model essay on the format of college students' scientific research report (3)
Model essay on the format of college students' scientific research report (3)
Model University Research Report Part III: Investigation Report on College Students' Employment Situation

First, the employment rate of graduates in that year (nearly three years)

In 2007, the overall situation of the whole country was not very good, which was about 70%. In contrast, the employment situation of 2 1 1 universities and 985 universities in China is better, reaching more than 80%!

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, in 2008, there were 5.59 million college graduates nationwide, an increase of 640,000 over 2007. And the pressure on the total number of college graduates in China will continue to increase. The actual employment rate of graduates in 2008 is less than 70%. ? Researcher of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Institute of Labor Science said.

? In 2009, the employment rate of college graduates was 87%. ? Yin, spokesman of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said at the press conference of the fourth quarter of 2009 held in Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

Second, research on the employment trend of college students

What are most students interested in? Pragmatic? With a new understanding, employment expectations tend to be realistic, mainly in work units, work areas and so on.

(1) Employment direction: Employment before choosing a job becomes the first choice.

What are the three major points of college students' career orientation? Employment before choosing a job? 、? Choose a job first and get re-employed? 、? Continue your studies? They are 4 1.76%, 28.57% and 27.84% respectively. The survey shows that most students show unique self-confidence and maturity in the face of employment pressure.

What are the phenomena worthy of special attention in the choice of this question? Continue your studies? This option accounts for 27.84%, and more than a quarter of students want to continue their studies, and this trend has lasted for a long time in recent years and is getting worse. The reasons are as follows: firstly, the influence of knowledge economy era and the improvement of talent quality requirements; Second, the employment competition is fierce, and superior occupations need excellent high-level talents; Third, psychological factors, some college students in order to alleviate the employment pressure, to avoid immediate employment and other factors. This phenomenon deserves careful analysis and study. What are its advantages and disadvantages? Its advantage lies in relieving the pressure of employment, promoting the improvement of talents' quality, improving the talent structure in China and enhancing the scientific and technological strength and international competitiveness of senior talents in China. Worryingly, it reflects the lack of psychological quality of college students and their ability to bear social pressure. In the face of fierce social competition, a considerable number of college students choose to avoid, and their career expectations tend to? Risk-free . This phenomenon can also be seen from students' evaluation of employment prospects. 22.92% of the students hold employment prospects? Not good? The evaluation here is not only objective and realistic factors, but also students' psychological quality. It can be seen that it is necessary for colleges and universities to strengthen employment guidance and psychological counseling.

(2) Employment orientation: economically developed areas are preferred for employment areas.

The survey results show that 66.54% students choose economically developed areas when choosing employment areas. This explains two problems: first, in addition to considerable work benefits, economically developed areas are more convenient to connect with the international community and provide employees with more opportunities for further study and improvement, which is related to students' interests. Self-development Self-realization? Closely related to the needs of. Second, the employment opportunities in economically developed areas are higher than those in other underdeveloped areas, and the diversification of jobs is an important reason for attracting students.

(3) Professional value: practical and willing to work, combined with professional characteristics.

As students in normal universities, they tend to choose jobs. School or scientific research institution? 、? Administrative organ or institution?

Third, the factors affecting the employment of college students

1, objective reasons

Lead to college students' employment? Difficult? There are many reasons for this. I think the fundamental reason lies in the current employment system, talent training mode and talent structure of colleges and universities, the current situation of employers and their outdated concepts, as well as the problems of college students themselves. Objectively understanding the reasons, correctly analyzing the obstacles and seeking countermeasures are the fundamental ways to deal with the employment difficulties of college students.

(1) Policy reasons

First, the imperfect reform of labor, personnel system, household registration, file management system and social security system is the objective reason for the difficulty of college graduates' employment. Although China has entered the market economy period, the current personnel management system still has a strong color of planned economy, which makes many employers who are absent from work restricted by employers. According to the survey, many small and medium-sized private (joint-stock) enterprises are in urgent need of university-level management and technical personnel, but there is no way to declare employment indicators and solve the problems of dispatching, registration, compilation and file management of college students, which leads some college students to worry about losing their jobs. Identity? And if you expect to work, you won't be able to recruit people. In 2004, 3 1.6% of the graduates from ministries and universities were employed in institutions such as teaching and scientific research, 3 1.5% in state-owned enterprises, 26.2% in private foreign-funded enterprises and 10.7% in other jobs. Judging from the current demand of urban labor market, the jobs provided by individual and private enterprises and joint-stock enterprises have accounted for 60%, but a large part of individual and private enterprises can't solve it? Three insurances and one gold? (Three insurances: medical insurance, endowment insurance and industrial injury insurance; One gold: housing accumulation fund) was abandoned by college graduates.

Second, the complicated employment procedures and poor employment channels hinder the smooth employment of college graduates. China's personnel system reform is relatively backward, and the whole society lacks a soft environment for smooth employment. The institutional and institutional obstacles that affect the supply and demand of graduates' employment market still exist. In many places, there are restrictions on the employment of college students in terms of hukou, employment indicators, etc., and some also require the identity of cadres; Private and foreign-funded enterprises cannot recruit college students on demand, and the autonomy of employing people is not in place; Some college graduates also face payment obstacles such as getting out of the system; The employment market of college graduates is immature, and the satisfaction between supply and demand is far from perfect. Extensive? Operation and primary intermediary form. Without a unified platform for Internet information distribution channels, information management tools cannot be fully utilized.

(2) The reasons of colleges and universities

1. Large-scale enrollment expansion in colleges and universities has created a job market? Supply exceeds demand? . At present, the employment situation of graduates is grim, and many graduates can't find jobs. Many people think that it is because there are too many people trained by higher education in China, which is inexhaustible and surplus. In fact, the population with higher education in China only accounts for about 5% of the total population, while the figure in developed countries has reached 1/3. Therefore, the talent surplus in China is relative surplus. Moreover, the social demand for graduates cannot keep up with the expansion of higher education. Supply exceeds demand? Created an illusion. Our country's university graduates are all in big cities, big enterprises and big companies, with abundant talents and overcrowding. However, some small and medium-sized enterprises, institutions, remote areas and economically underdeveloped areas are short of talents.

Second, the specialty setting, hierarchical structure, course content and teaching level of colleges and universities do not meet the needs of society. With the marketization of college students' employment, the major setting and adjustment of colleges and universities are very backward, which leads to the dislocation of graduates' professional structure and market supply and demand. From the source, this has become an important reason that restricts the employment of college students. Universities' majors and courses lag behind the development of society, but fail to plan and actively adjust according to market demand. This is the characteristic of education, which further magnifies the blindness of majors and courses, and the convergence of majors is very serious, resulting in a serious imbalance in supply structure. Many schools have too fine a division of majors to keep up with the pace of market changes; Some higher vocational colleges and higher vocational education majors lack characteristics, and the students they cultivate have no competitive advantage.

(3) The reason of the employer.

First of all, the institutional reform carried out by government agencies and state-owned enterprises and institutions has had a great impact on the employment of college students. Government agencies, state-owned enterprises and institutions used to be the main channels and main forces to receive college graduates. After 1998, with the institutional reform of government agencies, personnel were streamlined. Most of the laid-off personnel will flow to public institutions, and public institutions themselves are also allocating places. In addition, most large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises have the problems of excessive redundancy, redundant management and excessive burden, and then they will lay off employees through diversion and efficiency improvement. What are the rules of market economy? Survival of the fittest, elimination of the unfit? Many enterprises are facing bankruptcy due to poor management. Faced with their own survival crisis, the ability to accept college graduates is quite limited, and it is difficult to provide a smooth employment path for college students.

Secondly, most employers pay attention to it? Famous brand? Light? General? 、? Only education is far-sighted? This strange circle. With the change of college students' employment market? Seller's market? Become? Buyer's market? Employers have gradually raised the employment standards. They set their eyes on a few famous university graduates, and put their eyes on graduate students and doctoral students. Compared with the students of famous universities and key universities, many graduates of ordinary undergraduate and junior colleges have a certain position in the job market. Brand disadvantage? . From the analysis of the present situation of the development of colleges and universities in China, the uneven distribution of resources among colleges and universities and the great difference in the quality of running schools have led employers to attach importance to it. Famous brand? Light? General? Find reasons and excuses for strange phenomena.

2. Subjective reasons

(1) Unrealistic employment expectations

Unrealistic employment expectation is the subjective reason for the difficulty in employment, and the employment expectation of graduates has been high. Non-big cities, big institutions, big companies, big hospitals and big enterprises don't go, but the units they want to go to have good reputation, good working conditions, good pay and even the opportunity to go abroad. For example, China University Student Employment magazine conducted a survey on more than 30,000 college students in 28 universities across the country? Which of the following cities do you want to work in most? Investigation. Among the eight listed cities in China, college students most want to go to Shanghai for development, with a selection rate of 32.3%, followed by Beijing (27.7%). The sum of the enrollment rates of the two cities has reached 60%, making them the most ideal cities for college students' career development. In addition, special zone cities like Shenzhen are also very popular, with a selection rate of 12.5438+0. At present, it is precisely those small and medium-sized cities in remote areas and small and medium-sized units at the grassroots level that need graduates most. Graduates can't go to the unit they want to go to, and graduates who can go to the unit will not choose. That's why you showed up? Some people are unemployed and no one is employed? Phenomenon.

(2) Its comprehensive quality can't meet the requirements of the employer.

There is also a big gap between the ability and quality of graduates and the requirements of employers, which increases the difficulty of graduates' employment. At present, employers put forward higher and higher requirements for college graduates' professional quality, professional ethics, ideological and moral awareness and ability. They not only require graduates to be honest and trustworthy, diligent and dedicated, but also require pioneering and innovative consciousness and team spirit. Good psychological quality and social adaptability are also the main aspects that employers value. Employers attach importance to personality and ability, but the requirements for majors are diluted. Many employers support graduates? What else? Attitude. Therefore, party member, a student, and students with good comprehensive quality, strong hands-on ability and good professionalism did well. Multifunctional? Our graduates are becoming more and more popular. Employers value high-quality compound talents.

(3) College students' lack of honesty leads to employment crisis.

Honesty is the basic requirement for a person to stand on the society. Under the increasingly severe employment situation, graduates are facing enormous employment pressure. In order to find a foothold in society, some students do not start from building their own strength, but try their best to package themselves. Normal packaging is understandable, but distorted packaging will become camouflage. In this way, the lack of employment integrity has become a common phenomenon, which makes employers doubt the actual ability of college students, and the result can only be that college students shoot themselves in the foot [15].

Fourth, measures to promote college students' employment.

1, improve the employment mechanism of college graduates

To improve the employment mechanism of college graduates, we must intensify the reform of personnel system, household registration system and social security system. It is necessary to intensify the reform of the employment mechanism, unit establishment and other systems, expand the autonomy of employment of organs, institutions and enterprises, and truly make the users enter and the useless ones leave; Strengthen the reform of household registration system, open the door for college graduates in remote areas, small towns and rural areas, and let the population flow reasonably; It is necessary to establish a perfect social security system related to the employment of graduates and set up a special management department to provide services for unemployed college students.

2. Adjust the major and curriculum of colleges and universities.

In the rapidly changing times, universities must keep pace with the times and constantly adjust the course structure and content to meet the requirements of the times. Today, the world is moving from an industrialized society to a market and information society. With the rapid development of science and technology, countries are increasingly interdependent in the fields of production, circulation, transportation and information. The whole world will be like a global village, and no one can completely and correctly predict the changes in the future world. This determines that modern universities must be open to the future, and their courses should also come out of the closed state of the past.

In the course layout, we should appropriately reduce some compulsory courses and increase the proportion of elective courses. On the one hand, allowing students to choose learning content according to their own needs and interests is conducive to developing students' personality and giving full play to their advantages. On the other hand, it is also conducive to providing students with the latest achievements reflecting the development of social and cultural fields. Due to the rapid increase and aging of knowledge in modern society, the establishment of elective courses is helpful to make up for the defect that compulsory courses can not reflect this dynamic in time.

3. Employment guidance runs through university life.

At present, many colleges and universities in China offer employment guidance courses for graduates. After several seminars, reports, lectures, etc. , employment guidance completed.

For freshmen, we should give priority to psychological guidance, focus on helping college students understand their own personality characteristics as soon as possible, and gradually guide them to initially design their career development direction according to their own characteristics, combined with professional ideological education. At this stage, we should introduce them to the employment situation of this major, let them know the characteristics of this major and the requirements for the quality of talents, guide them to adapt to the study and life of the university as soon as possible, and form good habits of independent thinking, conscious study and hard work.

For second-year students, we should pay attention to the cultivation of comprehensive ability. At this stage, we should help them analyze their own abilities, advantages and disadvantages through a comprehensive understanding of various occupations in society, and guide college students to improve themselves, cultivate scientific ways of thinking, lay a good professional foundation and establish a reasonable knowledge and ability structure according to the needs of future social development. It is necessary to strengthen the education of ideals and beliefs, establish a correct concept of success, and stimulate the consciousness and behavior of success.

For the students in Grade Three, we should give them some opportunities for practical training, so that they can directly understand the requirements of society for talents, help them clearly understand the work fields that their majors are suitable for, and continue to cultivate and develop their own quality advantages suitable for their career goals according to their own characteristics and abilities, and make appropriate adjustments to their original career goals. For junior students, another important guiding content is to gradually analyze the employment situation of the whole society and college students, educate college students on employment outlook and help them establish a correct employment outlook. Employment guidance for graduates is the focus of employment guidance for college students. At this stage, the guidance focuses on conveying employment policies, analyzing and forecasting the employment situation, guiding college students to prepare for employment, such as how to obtain employment information, how to conduct interviews, how to overcome psychological barriers, and dealing with various temporary problems in the process of college students' employment.

refer to

Hu Zhiyu, 1. On the causes and countermeasures of the current employment difficulties of college graduates [D] .2003.08+02

Yu Xia. Research on the Employment Situation of College Graduates and Countermeasures [J]. Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law. 2005+02

3 Liu Changyun. Research on the Employment Mode of China University Graduates [J]. National University of Defense Technology .2005.8

4 Wang, Xu Hui. Proceedings of the Sino-British Seminar on Higher Education Schools [C]. Hangzhou; Hangzhou Humanities Publishing House. 1993.2

5 fields. Analysis of structural unemployment in talent market [J]. Tang Dou Daily 200 1.5

6 Shi Lili. Research on the Employment Difficulties of College Students in China and Countermeasures [J]. Northeast Normal University, June 2006