Zheng Gu was born in Yichun (now Jiangxi). Guangqi Jinshi, officials are all officials, called Zheng Duguan. Also named after "partridge poem", it is called partridge Zheng. Most of his poems are about scenery and things, and their styles are fresh and popular. The original collection has been lost and stored in Yuntai for compilation.

The singer at the dinner table

Zheng Gu

Kazuki Watanabe musician Tower is near Jiuqu,

Pine is a golden basin.

There are also Jiangnan guests in the seat.

Don't sing partridge against the spring breeze.

Appreciation of Zheng Gu's Poems

In ancient banquets, music was often prepared, and singing or playing was used to persuade wine and entertainment. Judging from the title, this poem was given to the singer by the poet at a banquet. The first pair of couplets, "Flower Moon Tower has nearly nine songs, and one song sings the golden pot". Jiuqu refers to the streets extending in all directions in the city. Judging from the following two sentences, this city should be in the north. Some people think it refers to Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty.

Qingge refers to clear and pleasant singing (or solo without accompaniment). Pour, pour the wine Golden pot, exquisite and expensive wine vessel. These two poems adopt artistic techniques from far to near, from the outside to the inside, and step by step. The sky, a bright moon; On the ground, thousands of lights; Pedestrians, cars and horses come and go in the market. It shows the scene of a bustling metropolis. Then there is the appearance of a tall building. The bright moon shines on the tall buildings and the blooming flowers around them. Voiceover is a song with a touching voice. Then: "in the restaurant, the lights are on and the young singers are singing;" After a song, there are some drinks, toasts, toasts and jokes ... These two sentences show the time, place, environment, banquet, singer, audience and even the joyful atmosphere of the song. The written words are concise and clear, with rich meanings, which not only makes people feel immersive, but also gives people imagination space to fly.

However, what is even more exciting is the second couplet of the poem, "There are also Jiangnan guests under the seat, and they don't sing the partridge to the spring breeze." The more you listen to a song, the more emotional it becomes; The more wine you drink, the more fun you have. As a result, singing is more "drunk" than wine. So three or four sentences don't talk about wine and write songs alone The beauty is that poets don't describe singers or songs. Nor does it directly express your feelings about singing. Partridge refers to the popular "partridge song" at that time. It is said that partridges have the characteristic of "flying south", and they sing like "Can't you be my brother". The "partridge song" is a "suburban partridge sound" with a sad and clear tune. Most of the words written for this song are to express love without hate.

Why hasn't the poet heard of Partridge? This is quite intriguing. Although the poet tried his best to describe the spring breeze in jathyapple and the spring in Beijing in front of the Flower Hotel in the first two sentences, from the last two sentences, he claimed to be a "guest in the south of the Yangtze River", which shows that the poet's homesickness has long been triggered by singing. If the singer sings the "Song of the Partridge" that he is already familiar with, it is inevitable that "the wanderer will get wet at first sight" and can't help it. Therefore, the poet earnestly asked the singer not to sing "Partridge". This fully shows that singing has a stirring charm.

The poet gave this poem to the singer, which actually means that the listener (poet) is the singer's bosom friend, indicating that the poet is offering a heart of admiration to the singer's singing art; Among them, the poet's feelings in a foreign land are deeply revealed. Of course, he also hopes that the singer can become this "voice"

Close friends. This enables the singer-listener, listener-singer to communicate and understand emotionally, and achieves a profound and touching artistic effect.

chrysanthemum

Zheng Gu

Wang Sunmo released a wormwood,

Nine days away from the temple is very close.

Dew and autumn fragrance fill the pool shore,

I don't envy Wasonggao.

Appreciation of Zheng Gu's Poems

This is a poem about objects. The author recited the chrysanthemum without saying a word, but never left it. From the humble appearance of chrysanthemum, he wrote that people love chrysanthemum, and then wrote the noble character of chrysanthemum, pointing out the main purpose of his chanting chrysanthemum. Obviously, this chrysanthemum-chanting poem was expressed by the poet in a symbolic way.

"Wang Sun Mo Pengyi", Peng Yi is a weed. Chrysanthemum, just from its branches and leaves, has some similarities with chrysanthemum morifolium. Those children and grandchildren who are not diligent and do not care about the whole grain can easily regard chrysanthemum as chrysanthemum. As soon as the poet speaks the truth, he warns them not to compare chrysanthemum with chrysanthemum.

This sentence rises abruptly, directly raises questions, tends to be strategically located, and reveals contempt for the prince. As the first sentence, it has the function of mentioning the whole article. "Nine days to support the temples" is closely related to the first sentence. The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is called the Double Ninth Festival. On this day, the ancients had the habit of climbing to admire chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum wine and wearing dogwood bags to pick chrysanthemums and put them on their temples. The poet mentioned this ancient traditional custom, but only omitted the word "chrysanthemum" and took care of the first sentence, which showed that people, unlike Wang Sun, loved and respected chrysanthemums very much. These two sentences point out the noble character of chrysanthemum from people's different attitudes towards chrysanthemum.

Three or four sentences are the focus of the whole poem, which embodies the noble temperament and noble character of chrysanthemum. "Dew and autumn fragrance fill the pool shore", a few words describe the morning scene in autumn: the sun rises, chrysanthemums are exposed in the bushes, full of dew, moist and crystal clear, bright and lovely; The fragrance wafts all over the pool shore, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. The unique charm of chrysanthemum is vividly on the paper. The word "wet" here is very particular, which makes people want to see the petals covered with dew, especially moist and gorgeous. The image of the word "person" is just right, which shows how refreshing the fragrance is. From this, we not only saw the unique image of chrysanthemum, but also felt the charm of chrysanthemum intertwined with that specific environment and atmosphere. After describing the temperament of chrysanthemum, the poet naturally summed up the theme of chanting chrysanthemum as: "the origin does not envy tile pine." The tile pine is a plant parasitic on the eaves of high-rise buildings. Cui Rong, a bachelor of Chongwen Pavilion in the early Tang Dynasty, once wrote "Poems of Vasong", and his preface said: "Vasong in Chongwen Pavilion was born on the roof ... The custom is that it looks like a pine, and life depends on a tile, so it is called Vasong." Although Vasong can blossom and spit leaves, it is useless to be "only one foot tall and only one inch tall", so "Scouts (doctors) don't reward them, and catalpa craftsmen (carpenters) are hard to know". The author compares Chi Pan's chrysanthemums with the high-rise tile pine, which means that although chrysanthemums grow in low-lying swamps, they are noble and quiet, and they do not hesitate to give their fragrance to people. Although Vason is in a high position, he is actually "useless to people and useless to things." Here, chrysanthemum is personified, and the author endows it with the ideological character of not seeking high position and not seeking glory. "Birth" corresponds to "no envy", emphasizing tone and highlighting the noble integrity of chrysanthemum. This last sentence revealed the theme of the poem here, and the poem was sublimated.

Poetry about things cannot be without things, but it cannot be written for the sake of writing things. Pure words, even if realistic, are just "forgetting the appearance" and lifeless. This poem is in line with a chrysanthemum character, and each sentence is entrusted with the author's thoughts and feelings. Chrysanthemum has also become a symbol of the poet himself.

Farewell to friends in Huai Shang

Zheng Gu

Yangchangjiangtou,

Huayang is worried about killing people crossing the river.

Some bagpipes left the pavilion very late,

Xiang Jun, Xiaoxiang and I, Qin Xiang.

Appreciation of Zheng Gu's Poems

Since Du Mu and Li Shangyin's quatrains in the late Tang Dynasty, the wind of simple discussion has become increasingly hot, and lyricism, imagery and musicality have greatly declined. However, Zheng Gu's Seven Wonders remain lyrical and full of charm.

This poem was written by the poet when he broke up with his friend (Huai Shang in the title) in Yangzhou. Different from the usual farewell, this is a farewell to each other's future: friends crossed Jiangnan to Xiaoxiang (now Hunan), and they went north to Chang 'an.

One or two sentences are lyrical on the spot, reminding people to leave, inadvertently written smartly, and have a natural charm. The picture is very clear: at the ferry at the head of the Yangtze River, willows are green, and in the evening breeze, willows are gently brushed and poplars are floating. The boat is moored on the shore and my friend is about to cross the south of the Yangtze River. A few faint strokes, like a fresh, beautiful and elegant ink painting, are full of affection and meaning in the scene.

The lingering willows, dragging their deep feelings of farewell, arouse a kind of sadness of "a dark willow blooms in another village, but jade is hard to tie"; The misty and floating flowers provoked the dazzling and restless separation between the two sides and evoked the feeling of wandering at the end of the world. The beautiful willow color and pleasant spring scenery have just become the catalyst for parting here, so there is a saying that "crossing the river and worrying about killing people". The poet touched the scene with light ink and expressed his sorrow with heavy pen. At first glance, it is not harmonious, but the boutique feels the harmony and unity of the two. The intentional repetition of homonyms such as "Yangzijiangtou", "Yangliuqing" and "Huayang" in two sentences constitutes a style that is both light and smooth, full of charm and beauty, which makes people feel deep and eternal when reading, without being too heavy and sad. Although the second sentence only mentions "people crossing the river", it is self-evident that they drift from each other and deviate from the north and the south.

Three or four sentences: "A few bagpipes leave the pavilion late, you go to Xiaoxiang and I will go to Qin." From the scenery in Jiangtou to the farewell banquet in the pavilion, the parting scenes when shaking hands are all described positively. The wine is strong at the farewell banquet at the post station. During the dinner, a flute of grief and indignation was played. Live lyricism may be a "folding willow" symbolizing separation. This flute is talking about each other's parting, so that two friends who are about to break up are close together, silently looking at each other, missing each other and rising with the wind. Judging from the sound of the flute, the sky seems to be getting dark unconsciously, and it's time to leave. Two friends cherish each other in the heavy dusk and go their separate ways-you go to Xiaoxiang and I go to Qin. This poem came to an abrupt end here.

The success of this poem is closely related to having such a unique and lyrical ending. On the surface, the last sentence is just a narrative, explaining their respective trips. It lacks the description of the scenery, and there is no such lyricism. In fact, the charm of poetry lies in this seemingly simple knot. A series of imagery scenes, such as Spring at the Head of a River, Flowers and Willow, Farewell Banquet, Bagpipes and Twilight, repeatedly render the feelings of parting, which makes the ending of this sentence just like Liu Huang, and shows its rich connotation in the contrast. The sadness of parting, the infinite sadness of going to the end of the world, the profound thoughts of different roads between the north and the south, and even the endless silence in the long journey are fully expressed in this silence. "Jun" and "I" are opposite, and the word "Xiang" overlaps, which makes this poem more of a chanting situation.

A partridge

Zheng Gu

Warm play tobacco brocade,

The product flow direction should be close to pheasant.

Rainwater flows by the green grass lake,

Flowers fall in Huangling Temple and cry.

At first glance, the tramp smelled the sleeves wet.

Good people sing low eyebrows.

Call each other the width of Xiangjiang River,

The bitter bamboo forest extends westward.

Appreciation of Zheng Gu's Poems

Zheng Gu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, was called "Zhegu Zheng" for "tasting partridge and warning" (Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty). It can be seen that this partridge poem was widely circulated at that time.

Partridges are produced in the south of China, and are shaped like a pheasant and as big as a pigeon. It is called "hooking up", which is very similar to "inseparable from brothers", so the ancients often used its voice to express the feelings of customers. Zheng Gu's ode to the partridge does not emphasize modeling, but focuses on verve. It was by grasping this that he came up with the idea of dropping ink.

At the beginning, the habits, feather color and shape of partridges are written. Partridges are "afraid of frost and dew, and will come out sooner or later" (Notes of Cui Baogu today). The word "warm" was first used to express the habits of partridges. The word "jinyi" also gives the partridge colorful and eye-catching feathers.

In the poet's mind, the elegance of partridge can even be juxtaposed with the beautiful pheasant. Here, the poet did not describe the image of partridge in detail, but wrote about its playful activities and comparison with pheasants, which made the finishing point and gave people rich associations.

The first couplet chants its shape, and then its sound. However, the poet does not simply imitate his voice, but deliberately expresses the sadness caused by it. Caoqing Lake, or Baqiu Lake, is located in the southeast of Dongting Lake. Huangling Temple, on the lakeside of Huadongting Lake in Xiangyin County. Legend has it that the emperor visited the south and died in Cangwu. Two concubines joined the army and drowned in Xiangjiang River, and later they set up a shrine at the water's edge for Huangling Temple. This field is also the place where Qu Yuan lived in history, so it is most likely to cause the melancholy of migrants traveling here. Such a special environment is enough for people to imagine and imagine, and the poet is shrouded in a deep sadness: the rain falls red. The deserted river and deserted temple are fascinated by the sound of rain and falling flowers, which constitutes a distant artistic conception and renders a heartbreaking atmosphere. At this moment, the partridge, who is afraid of frost and dew and cold, can't play freely and can only cry sadly. However, "after the rain, flowers cry at Huangling Temple", which is repeated over and over again, seems to be like a wanderer recruiting people to set foot in a lonely and desolate place and listening to the cries of partridges. The partridge's voice and attractive feeling are completely integrated. The beauty of these two sentences lies in writing the charm of partridges. The author did not draw its sound or shape, but the reader seemed to hear its sound, see its shape and deeply feel its charm. In this regard, Shen Deqian said with appreciation: "Poems about objects are not as beautiful as verve, and three or four words are not as beautiful as' hook and loop'.

The poet called it "partridge Zheng" (Tang Poetry), which shows the meaning and rhyme of these two poems.

Five or six sentences, from the partridge to the writer, are actually inseparable from the voice of the partridge, which is quite ingenious. "A wanderer smells his sleeves wet at first sight", which is an inheritance from the previous sentence "crow". "Good people sing low eyebrows" is also caused by the sound of partridges. There is no doubt that the beauty sings the word "partridge", which imitates the sad tone of partridge's voice. Young women in boudoir miss their long-lost husbands in the face of falling flowers and falling rain. Their feelings are hard to understand. Let's sing "Partridge", but it's hard for them to hold back when they sing it gently. The poet chose two details: a wanderer crying at the sound, and a talented person frowning at the sound, and emphasized them with two function words: "love at first sight" and "talented person", which effectively set off the sadness of partridge crying. In the poet's pen, the partridge cry has become a lovesick song of young women in tall buildings and a heartbroken song of wandering people. Here, people's wailing and birds' wailing complement each other, each with its own splendor; The two complement each other and complement each other.

The last couplet reads: "Xiangjiang River is wide, and bitter bamboos are deep in the west."

The poet's pen and ink are more integrated. The voice of "Don't be my brother" echoed on the vast river. Are flocks of partridges singing in a low voice, or are beautiful wanderers echoing "singing" and "smelling"? This is quite imaginative.

"Xiangjiang River is Wide" and "The Sun Goes Down in the West" make the partridge sound more mournful and the scene more quiet and sad. Those partridges who are afraid of the cold are busy looking for warm nests among bitter bamboos, but when can the wanderers who walk alone by the river return to their hometown? The last one is far from the gods, although the words are endless, revealing the poet's strong homesickness. In Qing Dynasty, Jin Shengtan thought that the last sentence was "Legacy is deeper than Prosperity" (Selected Poems of Tang Caizi by Shengtan), which was very insightful. The poet firmly grasps the emotional connection between man and partridge, while eulogizing partridge focuses on conveying charm, integrating man and partridge, and the conception is exquisite and meticulous. No wonder everyone knows the "warning".

Chinese flowering crab-apple

Zheng Gu

Spring breeze means uniform color,

Can be sold with poetry.

Perfect for a beautiful new rain.

It's beautiful when you want to open it.

Mochow was lazy at the window,

Liang Guangdan wrote late.

I don't drink enough at dusk,

Envy the deep branches of his butterfly.

Appreciation of Zheng Gu's Poems

In the gardens of nature, begonia flower element is famous for its beauty. The spring breeze seems to blow a particularly bright color to dye and dress her up. No wonder the poet Zheng Gu was fascinated by it and couldn't help drinking and praising it.

In the spring of the earth, the poet looked around and saw a breeze blowing and a shower of raindrops. Begonia was newly stained with crystal drops and washed away the dust. The color was particularly bright and bright. At this time, the poet was surprised to find that the "new rain" begonia has a unique charm and looks extremely beautiful. As we all know, begonia is dark red when it is not released, and light red when it is open. The most beautiful thing about it is when it is in bud. The buds of Haitang are fresh with raindrops, and they are in full bloom. The color is particularly bright red and delicate, and it looks like the blush of a girl when she is shy, charming and charming. Predecessors described Haitang as "flowery and luxuriant, soft as a virgin" (Wang Ming and Xiang Jin's "Flower Spectrum"), and the Tang people praised it as "a fairy among flowers". Poets are good at capturing the delicate charm of begonia when it rains and when it is about to bloom, and deliberately describing it, showing the shape and charm of embossed flowers.

The third poet also lifted Haitang from the side. Mo Chounv, who is beautiful and hardworking, is too lazy to dress up to appreciate the beauty of Haitang, and the painter who is good at drawing Haitang is also attracted by the beauty of Haitang, so he is too slow to write and refuses to touch it easily, for fear that he can't draw the charm of Haitang. Then the beauty and charm of Haitang can be imagined. It's really called "nothing, everything is romantic".

At the end of the couplet, it says, "I'm not drunk and sing Chen, and I envy him for keeping butterflies and deep branches." Poets face Haitang, drink and write poems, and linger. Not enough reading, not enough writing. Some even admire butterflies cuddling and fondling on begonia flowers, which simply expresses the poet's praise and admiration for begonia.

This poem highlights the beauty and charm of flowers from the artist's aesthetic activities of begonia, and adopts the method of pushing one layer away and writing the opposite side. This technique shows the reality from the virtual place, the virtual and the real, ethereal and vivid, which not only praises the natural beauty of begonia, but also shows the poet's love and pursuit of beautiful things. Love and things intersect, and people and flowers have a tacit understanding. It's really a masterpiece of begonia. The predecessors said, "Gu's family is clear but not vulgar." (Xin's Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty (Volume 9) shows the artistic features of this poem.