First, whose tomb has seen Mercury?
earlier times
Qi Huangong 1
? Qi Huangong's tomb is located at Niushan, South 21 Li, Gong Lin County in the late Jin Dynasty. First published, then got the mercury pool. After a few days, he was led away by a dog. There are dozens of thin pieces in gold silkworm, as well as countless pearls, jade boxes, ribbons and weapons. ? Historical Records, Volume 32, Qi Taigong's Second Family, Justice, quoted from Records of Parents, page 1495. Zhonghua Book Company, 1982, Qi Huangong was the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Nine princes? Almighty! However, after that, it was a lot of fate: first, it was banned and starved to death; After death, the children were busy fighting for power and profit, and the bodies became maggots; Worst of all, its tomb was stolen by later generations, and there are countless treasures!
At the end of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, there were two grave robberies. I dug a mercury pool for the second time, because the mercury volatilized and I couldn't get in. After a long time, a dog was taken in!
2. Wu Wang and the donkey
? (Prince of Wu) He Lv died and was buried in the northwest of China, named Tiger Hill. Through the soil for the Sichuan, accumulated soil around the mound pool, the water depth of more than ten feet, three times, mercury pool, 60 steps wide. ? Zhao Ye in the Eastern Han Dynasty? He Lv, the king of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, was also one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. In his tomb, he also dumped a lot of mercury as a pool as a means of theft prevention.
However, it is doubtful that there was so much mercury in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, but at least it shows that it must be true to put mercury in the tomb.
Therefore, the mercury in Qin Shihuang's tomb recorded in historical books is not groundless, and this tradition has a long history!
After ...
3. Zhang Jun and Yang Cunzhong
By the Song Dynasty, many ministers had died. To show their kindness, the emperor gave them mercury according to the ritual:
? King Zhang Jun of Qinghe County was buried:? Zhang is very persuasive. Unlike him, he is generous in service. ? It is given seven beams of crowns, a bridal gown, two hundred and twenty pieces of mercury and one hundred and fifty pieces of borneol. Later, Yang Cunzhongqiu and Xiao Zong ordered the temple to ring bells and give them mercury and borneol. ? The combination of mercury and borneol here, the main function should be to prevent the corpse from rotting and prevent the soul from dying. Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty once said: Gold and mercury are in nine orifices, so the dead don't die?
Second, is there really mercury in Qin Shihuang's tomb?
? Through the three springs, the bronze fell and led to the coffin. Palace officials moved the strange things and monsters to Zangman, making craftsmen make crossbows, and those who wear them near them need to shoot them. Taking mercury as a hundred rivers and seas, instilling by machines, there is astronomy in the world and geography in the world, and taking mermaid cream as a candle, which is enduring for a long time. ? Historical records? The chronicle of Qin Shihuang takes mercury as a hundred rivers and seas, instilling it in the machine, with astronomy on the top and geography on the bottom? , literally understand:
The mercury here seems useless, but it is even more symbolic, representing the vast waters (rivers and seas) of the Qin Empire! Regardless of the role of mercury in Qin Shihuang's tomb, whether such a huge amount of mercury really exists is the first question to consider:
In 198 1 year and 1982, in order to verify whether Qin Shihuang's tomb is as recorded in historical records, experts conducted mercury measurement: if a huge amount of mercury is buried in the underground palace of Qin Mausoleum, mercury vapor will inevitably migrate upward from the tomb, so mercury anomalies will form on the sealed soil surface!
The longitudinal line of this north-south sampling point passes through Yuchi Reservoir, at the foot of Lishan Mountain, and in the middle is the high hill of the Qinling Mountains.
From the data point of view, there is indeed an abnormal area of mercury in the enclosure of Qin Shihuang, and its mercury content changes from 70- 1500ppb!
However, is the mercury anomaly in closed soil caused by underground mercury volatilization inherent in soil? Or is the soil in the paddock itself taken from the mercury-rich mineralized area?
The record in the literature has such a clue:
? At the beginning of the imperial tomb, the soil was deep, and the accumulated water became a pool, which was called a fish pond. ? The fish pond in Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics is now the fish pond reservoir in the northeast of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum! However, the mercury content in soil samples collected from Yuchi Reservoir is low, with an average of 30ppb. That is to say, even if the enclosed soil is really taken out from the fish pond, the mercury anomaly formed in the enclosed soil can only come from the volatilization of mercury buried in its own grave!
3. Where did the100t mercury from the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum come from?
According to previous scholars' research:
? According to the known mercury reserves and modern mercury production capacity, it is estimated that the mercury stored in the mausoleum is about 100 tons. If this figure can be established, the proportion of cinnabar smelting mercury (86? 26%), the huge amount of mercury in Qin Shihuang Mausoleum needs 1 15.928 tons of cinnabar extraction! ? Wang Xueli's Study on the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor Mercury is extracted from cinnabar, which was called in ancient times? Pumping sand to smelt mercury? What is used for smelting mercury in Qin Shihuang's mausoleum? Low temperature baking? That is, when the mercury mine is heated to 450-8000 degrees Celsius with simple equipment, the separated gaseous mercury condenses into liquid mercury!
So, where did this huge mercury mine come from? I have to mention a magical widow here. What's her name? Qing? In historical records? Ba widow Qing? ! Actually? Queen cinnabar? !
? Widow Ba is clear. She got the Danxue first, but she benefited ten thousand generations. Her family is not ashamed. Qing, a widow, can keep her job and defend herself with money from being invaded. Qin Shihuang thought that virtuous women were guests in order to build a clean platform for her. ..... Widows in poor rural areas are famous for their resistance to propriety and righteousness. Why not take wealth as evil? ? This widow is unusual. Her family has been dealing in cinnabar for generations. Although widows can keep their possessions and use money to defend themselves; Qin Shihuang admired her as a virgin; Sima Qian said with emotion: She, a rural widow, was respected by Qin Shihuang Wan Cheng. After all, it's not because she has money!
Bayu river bed is rich in cinnabar and mercury, which is controlled by Ba widow Qing. In addition, the second source of mercury mine is now Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province, south of Qinling Mountains! The mercury reserves in Xunyang County rank first in China and first in Asia, among which the mercury reserves in Guangongnan Mine reach 5895 tons!
If Qin Shihuang had no great demand for mercury, he would never be so interested in a widow; If Qin Shihuang had no great demand for mercury, he would never import it from Xunyang outside Bashu!
Finally, in addition to the objective significance, the mercury in Qin Shihuang's tomb can also protect the tomb to some extent, not only to prevent people from digging, but also to preserve the body. There are at least two subjective meanings:
First, Qin Shihuang's eternal ideal is to continue everything he had before his death underground, not only the political system he created, but also the rivers and mountains he controlled in Wan Li, so Mercury is a concrete simulation of the water system in the imperial territory!
Secondly, the persistence of immortality and the extraordinary respect for the widow of Pakistan are actually similar to those of the Queen Mother, the master of the elixir. Ancient alchemists made cinnabar from mercury in order to get the elixir of life. That's why Xu Fudong crossed Japan!