1 part, overview of guqin,

Guqin is one of the oldest stringed instruments in China. It was once called Qin Yu and lyre. In ancient times, it has a history of more than 3000 years. Guqin was called "Four Treasures of the Study" by the literati in ancient times, ranking first in piano, chess, books and paintings. Many famous figures in history, such as Confucius, Cai Wenji, Li Bai and Du Fu. He is good at playing piano and guqin, which is also one of the music contents of the ancient six arts.

Guqin has a wide range, subtle and profound phonology and strong expressive force, which is the main representative of China ancient spiritual culture in music.

In the 3rd century BC, Lu Chunqiu recorded the story of meeting, which became an eternal story. 1977 The spacecraft launched into space by the United States carries a gold record, which can be kept for 10 billion years. In "Golden Record", Mr. Guan Pinghu, a guqin musician, plays guqin music. As a representative of oriental civilization with a long history, he seeks human bosom friends in the vast outer space.

On June 7th, 2003, 165438+, Guqin was listed in the representative list of human oral and intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, and Guqin art officially began to become the cultural wealth that human beings pay attention to and enjoy.

The second part, the structure and style of guqin,

The structure of guqin,

Guqin consists of a long and narrow panel and a bottom plate, and there are 13 dots on the outside of the piano surface, which are called emblem positions, and are used to identify overtones and dark phonemes. The position whose director Qin Xuan faces the emblem is called the emblem flavor, with seven strings in front and two sound holes below. Most of this group are named after human parts.

As shown in the front view of the guqin, Qin E is on the far right, then the elephant, then the traitor, then the Seven Xuans, then the waist, then the crown angle, and finally the Qin Xuans placed on the Long Yin are called Yueshan at first, and the points counted to the left are called grey positions. From once to 13, there are seven strings on the flag surface from top to bottom, and the only one at the bottom of 1 Xuancheng is called 7 Xuan.

As shown in the figure, on the back of the guqin, the protection array is on the far right, followed by the silver support. The hole of 1 is called Longchi, the second hole is called Zhao Feng, the space between Longchi and Fengman is called Yanzu, and the hole on the far left is called Quanchi.

As shown in the picture, the side view, pillow, bow pillow and strings of guqin are full of satisfaction.

The style of guqin,

A large number of guqin have been produced by skillful craftsmen in past dynasties, many of which have been handed down to this day and become precious cultural relics. There are some doubts about the styles of guqin still in use today, such as Fu, Shennong, and Sunset Red.

The third part, commonly used tuning and notation,

Public choice

The range of guqin is 4 8 degrees 0, and the two sounds are 10 scattered sound, 9 1 overtone and 147 bent sound.

There are three kinds of tunes commonly used in guqin. 1 is the right key, which is F, the second is Jingwuxuan, which is B-flat, and the third is slow San Xuan, which is C-flat.

Notation, about 1500 years ago, the Guqin music "Jieshi Diaolan" began to use the special notation for Guqin, that is, the word spectrum. In the Tang Dynasty, the word spectrum was changed to a simplified one. The simplified word spectrum was a notation composed of the right and left hands according to the law enforcement names, reducing strokes and combining according to the actual music, so as to record the playing process. See "Pingsha Wild Goose"

Subtraction symbol comparison table,

Many law enforcement of Guqin is represented by subtraction. For example, a cursive prefix represents prosody, that is, it ends on the strings in order, and the application that pops up is replaced by a cursive prefix, that is, prosody.

Part 4 playing posture,

When playing the guqin, you should put the guqin on the piano table, close to the inner edge, and Wu Xuan, with his heart facing the piano, sit up straight and relax his left and right arms naturally. In the process of playing, the left hand can rotate left and right when not pressing the strings, and the stage part of the palm of the left hand can be placed close to the front of life.

Unit 1 basic fingering of the right hand,

Wipe, that is, the sound represented by wood,

Guqin has three basic timbres: scattered tone, overtone and shadow. It is full and broad, symbolizing the earth, the overtone is bright and transparent, symbolizing the sky, and the shadow is flowing, symbolizing life or chanting.

Subtraction spectrum, called rhythm, is also empty metaphysical sound, played only with the right hand.

The wood of the subtraction tree is called rubbing, which means that the right index finger is exploited inward.

It is required to touch the string at 1/3 with the ventral part of the right index finger. When playing, the index finger is naturally straight, mainly taking the joint near the palm as the axis, the tip of the foot is forced downward, and the rest of the fingers are naturally relaxed.

Lesson two.

The vertical hook is called plucking the string in the negative spectrum, which means that the right fingernail plucks the string outward. When playing, the thumb of the right hand is required to be brushed on the upper side of the index finger 1 joint and supported on another string. When plucking the strings, the big finger of the right hand should push the essence with all its strength, and the ten fingers should be pointed after speaking. Until the next string is blocked,

In the third lesson, ditch, remove a point from the spoon and call it a hook in the subtraction spectrum. It means the middle finger of the right hand, which requires the right hand to develop inward. The middle finger of the right hand needs to be straightened naturally. When the ditch is in the pool, take the third joint of the middle finger as the axis, and the fingertip will exert downward force, touching the string position, in front of the middle finger 1/3.

Lesson 4 Comprehensive exercises,

The first part is the combination of selection and adjustment.

The combination of hook and hook strip is the most common combination of law enforcement in the right finger.

Usually, when you choose a tick, you need to be coherent and relaxed.

When the performance requirements are small, hook the middle finger in front and take the string picking action as the supporting string. After that, the middle finger hooks the forward pick action as a support string. After the jump, the thumb and forefinger retract at the same time and bend backwards. As a preparation for the next step of law enforcement, the middle finger is not moved when the Taishenggou bounces, and it is supported on the adjacent string.

Corresponding to the index finger, like giving, inward exploitation is called nail polishing, and outward plucking is called picking.

The second part is the adjustment of combined die. The mode adjustment combination is to rotate the piano with the index finger of the right hand until the intima is picked out, and then pop it up continuously.

Performance requirements, the same selection of projects, continuous plucking. Three-mode pick 7 means to wipe first, then pick. When touching, the rest of the fingers naturally stretch, and then the terminator should be placed on another string.

Unit 2 Basic fingering of right hand 2,

Lesson 1 Li, which is called by taking the factory of the factory as an example in spectrum subtraction, means that two or more strings are continuously tuned.

The rhythmic pattern of hitting force is usually dense. When playing two strings, the middle finger is supported on the third string, and it can be played continuously from 1 string to the second string without retracting the index finger.

Lesson two,

Subtraction of critical t indicates that the fingernail of the right middle finger is pulled out,

When playing requires flexibility, the middle finger of the right hand needs to be pulled out quickly. T is mostly connected with the groove and played in the same string. When the right hand terminates the proofreading, it is called hook, and the outward play is called T. Generally, after the hook, the middle finger falls on the Xia Yuxuan, and then the middle finger bends, and it is dialed out with the nail 1/3.

Lesson 3: Playing Ding in the subtraction spectrum is called beating people, which means that the ring finger of the right hand plucks the strings inward.

Playing requires that the ring finger of the right hand be naturally straightened, with the third joint as the axis, and the force is exerted downward and backward.

The position of touching the string is at the ring finger 1/3.

Excerpts from lesson 4

The word "in" in subtractive method means that the nail of the ring finger of the right hand is pulled out.

The ring finger turned inward is called the ring finger, and the string turned outward is called Zhai.

Require the ring finger to be weak, and move quickly and clearly when picking. Picks are usually played in the rain and used on the same string. After playing, use 1/3' s ring finger nail and pluck the strings diagonally above.

Unit 3 Basic fingering of right hand 3,

Dickto, the right half of the delegate bracket is in the subtraction spectrum, indicating that the right thumb is dialed outward.

Performance requirements, when talking about support, point to negative 1/2 with your right finger, Bai Xuan. Support is usually about hooking, so you should put the terminal on the check as support, such as stopping the load when removing the paint, selecting and dragging the six strings and holding down the middle finger in the medicine.

Lesson two,

The poem of the corpse in subtraction chromatography is called p, which means that the big hand points inside. Performance requirements,

P exploitation with big fingernail 1/3, playing behind support. When you say p, the big finger of your right hand is bent and completely facing your body.

The third lesson is to get out of reverse mistakes,

In the subtraction spectrum, it is called wrong in the morning, and two fingers of both hands and right hand dial two strings at the same time, which is divided into small mistakes, big mistakes, and small fingers. The river and ditch are done at the same time, and the big mistake is that the river and ditch are dragged at the same time, and one is added to the top in the morning. This opposition is called error proofing in subtraction spectrum. All big mistakes and small mistakes have error prevention and error prevention attempts. Come out in the opposite direction,

When making small mistakes, every river ditch should be done at the same time. When one or two strings are staggered, the bracket and hook should be completed at the same time with three or four strings. Generally, after a big mistake, there are more mistakes, and P and T should be done at the same time.

The notation of "wheel" in the fourth lesson means the right hand, ring finger, middle finger and index finger, and they pluck the same string outwards in turn, that is, they bounce off the same string in turn, which is called a wheel.

The gameplay requires that each finger be exploited with 1/3 nails, and the rhythm of the wheel is mostly three consecutive yin. When tattooing, the three fingers are close together, the nails are on the same plane, and the distance from the piano to be played is about one centimeter. Don't talk about it with strings.

Unit 4 Sanskrit

Lesson 65438 +0, Sanskrit sound of thumb and ring finger,

The overtone of guqin means that while the right hand plucks the string, the left hand gently touches the emblem to produce a pure and bright tone.

Pop-up subtraction means that after this note, Sanskrit subtraction generally means the end of overtone, the big table of subtraction size is the big finger of the left hand, and the sunset subtraction means the ring finger of the left hand.

According to the performance requirements, the overtones of the thumb and ring finger of the left hand are announced outside the first joint of the finger, and the orchid finger of the left hand is naturally relaxed. The position of the left hand touching the string must be strictly aligned with the position of the emblem, otherwise the overtone cannot be played.

The second index finger reacts with the middle finger,

Subtraction shows that the left index finger is next to the single, and China's clock is the left middle finger.

Performance requirements: the overtones of the index finger and middle finger are played in the middle position of the fingertips, and the strings are played. The left hand is in the shape of an orchid finger, so you can naturally relax and play the sounds on the same emblem of several adjacent cymbals. When the shade is dense, it can be separated by the whole finger.

Lesson 3 orchids,

He is a famous Han folk song in northern China. His simple, vivid and enthusiastic melody praised the rebellious female Lan Huahua in feudal times. Playing with guqin overtone means that orchid flowers are much more beautiful.

Lesson 4: Club 3 gets reaction fragments,

This song eulogizes the noble people through the characteristics of plum blossom, white fragrance and cold resistance. The main theme of the music is in different emblem positions, and playing the overtone three times is called agriculture, countryside and farmers. Pay attention to the consistency of music when playing, and you don't have to raise your hand from metaphysics when every sound is issued. You can separate your left and right hands and practice by hand after you are proficient.

Unit 5 Basic fingering of left hand,

Lesson 65438 Press your big finger.

Decreasing the spectrum means that the left hand refers to the nine emblems and picks seven mysteries, while the big ones only pick gray and half, and the dancing and spinning is great wisdom, with seven emblems and six 7 yuan.

Playing requirements, the left big finger is pressed under the big nail, in the middle position, half flesh and half toe. When you press the strings with the edge of your nails, you don't have to avoid them As long as you touch the line, the thumb and middle finger are blue when you press the string, and the other fingers are naturally relaxed, and the first joint of the big toe is slightly prominent.

The second lesson, roughly up and down.

Up and down, press the string with your left hand, pluck the string with your right hand, and then press the string with your left hand from left to right to move to the treble zone and move your hand.

Up and down, the left hand presses the string, and after the right hand plucks the string, the left hand presses the string from right to left, that is, masturbating from the high-tech zone to the bass zone.

Performance requirements: pitch up and down accurately, aim at the emblem accurately, relax your shoulders, arms and wrists when your left hand moves, and keep your fingers away when your left hand moves. If you choose it, your voice will be interrupted.

Lesson 3 Pressing the Ring Finger and Middle Finger

The subtraction spectrum is the ring finger of the left hand, and the five mysterious simplified Chinese character spectrum of the affordable ditch is that the middle finger of the left hand makes a circle in the affordable ditch.

According to the performance requirements, the left ring finger is pressed on the outside of the ring finger end, on the meat next to one toenail, and the left middle finger is pressed on the finger end of the middle finger. When pressing the string, the ring finger naturally bends and the other fingers naturally stretch.

Up and down the ring finger and middle finger, the wave of radish with gray appearance in subtractive spectrum is outside the meeting of 13, because

Playing requires a ring finger, walking straight in the rain, and English is roughly out of tune. If the wrist of the left hand can't be lifted, don't press the string too hard with the left hand, as long as the timbre is not empty. Don't ask for a resume when the melody moves from left to right.

Unit 6 Basic fingering of the left hand 2,

It is required that when picking up the thumb, the first knot is slightly prominent, and the strings pressed up and down by the giant salamander and the ring finger side cannot be hidden, and the sound of the ring finger pressure should be broadcast.

performance requirement

The contact point is the Pinellia ternata semi-fleshed animal outside the front end of the big nail. Don't leave the string immediately after the big straight eye turns.

Lesson three,

Three-dimensional standing in subtraction chromatography is called collision, which means that the left hand has a shadow behind it, fast and small, up and down. Collision is usually a decorative law enforcement, and sometimes it means a clear melody from top to bottom.

Lesson four. Pick it up and grab it,

Negative spectrum lifting refers to lifting Qin Xuan with the left hand by pressing the ring finger, middle finger and big mouth, bringing out the empty string sound.

Grasping the subtractive spectrum,

It only means that the left hand is pointing inward and upward, bringing out the empty string sound, the whole left hand is raised, and the fingers are slightly bent back.

Unit 7 Introduction to Piano Music.

The famous opening song "Xianwengcao" of Guqin was published in the first issue of Guqin published by 1962.

Drag cavity means sliding sound, water at three o'clock means wish and sliding sound, with a song above and winter below. In subtractive notation, it is called composition, which means the end of the music.

This song is also a love song. Although the tune is simple and short, it has a long artistic conception. Practice basic fingering with sounds and shadow nuclei of different acupoints.

Sauvignon Blanc.

Oil consumer Liu Gang, angry cows and dogs come from Niu Hao.

In the early Qing Dynasty, a Zen master went to Japan to preach. His disciples compiled a piano score according to the information he taught and left behind. Sauvignon Blanc is one of them. It is short and pithy, euphemistic and moving, full of lovesickness. It is a love song with ancient Jiangnan charm. Play slowly. Pay attention to the continuity of ring finger after playing big finger.

The crane rushed into the sky. It is also a love song, with beautiful and elegant lyrics and implicit feelings. The lyrics are the soft flower names of apple leaves and Huagangqing. Double-gang Yuanyang comes out, and the green court is double-jade Yuanyang, feeling.

Unit 8 Elementary Piano Music,

Autumn wind ci is a love song of Mei 'an piano score. The lyrics come from Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, expressing an infinite feeling of lovesickness.

Pujin, the meaning above is the same, and the meaning is the same when it falls. Pufu just returns to its original position after entering or retreating. The power in this song is melodious, especially because it is played according to the staff and pitch. After the enforcement of the law, the details of this song were omitted, because it was played according to the staff and pitch, but the refund 18 was justified.

ChristianRandPhillips's resentment comes from The Complete Works of Qin Shu in Ming Dynasty published in 1590. The music of the late lover Wu Zonghan described such a legend. After his death, his two concubines and won were very sad, leaving tears on bamboo, so later generations called this kind of bamboo bamboo.

Starting from the beginning is to repeat it from the beginning, from fragrance to flying, and repeating the part called from fragrance to flying. This piece of music is very sad and needs to be played slowly.

The eldest son of the left hand crosses the Xuan and tries to be continuous and coherent.

Phoenix Prison Phoenix comes from Mei 'an piano score. Legend has it that it was written by Sima Xiangru, a writer in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Sima Xiangru used this song to express his love for Zhuo Wenjun.

This melody is tuned in C major in Ling Huang, but the screening is not reduced. Playing the whole song in the middle-land tone and overtone alternately, the speed is slow. The high-pitched area of left-handed sound is dense, so pay attention to the accuracy of pitch.

Good night,

This song describes the white moon, leisurely and elegant. Although short and pithy, it is euphemistic and fresh, which makes people feel relaxed. This is a hymn about a beautiful night.

Being at ease refers to a short rest, that is, pressing the button with your left hand, because both sides swing continuously, just like kneading the strings of a general instrument.

Subtraction, as the doctor said, t or jump two laps to overlap for the same birth, subtraction double play,

It means that the right hand holds the fingertips of the middle finger and the index finger roughly, changing first and then adjusting, changing first and then jumping double rotation.

Big source means that rivers and ditches are constantly interlaced.

Everything means that the left hand presses the tone up and down, and it is scattered with the rest of the hard and right hands.

The sign next to the dog guard is that the left hand presses and rotates, and then the left hand moves back rhythmically and quickly.

Subtraction spectrum

The so-called called called means that the left hand moves to another reason and then does not move, and the right hand pulls the current reason and redials.

Subtraction spectrum is alive, and the play is similar to making a brain alone.

Playing requires more lyrics and new fingering of songs.

The left hand should be in partnership, and the decoration law enforcement should pay attention to relaxation in order to be flexible. The right-hand compound fingering, such as the doctor's aid to shuangtan and other acne marks, should pay attention to the firmness and clarity of the timbre.

Unit 9 Classic Ancient Rhyme

Swire silver tells the story of the rise and fall of history, the change of dynasties and the feelings of social changes, which is very old. Three stacks of sunshine,

This song originated in the Ming Dynasty. It is a love song written by Anxi according to the poem "Farewell to Yuan 2" written by the famous poet Wang Wei in the Tang Dynasty, which expresses the author's deep concern and attachment for his friends who are about to travel far away. This song was chosen by Jingwuxuan.

Pinch three times means picking up the wrong voice combination.

Jiuhua comes from the magical secret spectrum of the Ming Dynasty, which is said to come from the Three Kingdoms period. Ruan Ji wrote an ancient song 1000 years ago, which is also one of the most important classical sketches in guqin. Gui Zhi said that the left-handed ring finger song is played with strings pressed outside the last joint, which is usually difficult to apply in high-pitched areas. Try to relax when you start talking. The rhythm of this song is 86 beats and 85 rows are alternately processed, which shows the cheerful mood and natural and unrestrained bearing of ancient China literati and nobles when they are slightly drunk.

"Guan Shanyue" is a widely circulated sketch of Mei 'an Qin School, accompanied by an ancient poem of the same name by Li Bai, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, which shows the feelings of ancient soldiers guarding the border and serving the country.

It means that the index finger, middle finger and ring finger of the right hand expand inward at the same time, which is generally two mysterious fire San Xuan. It means that the left hand presses and plucks the string slowly, and it is always the 1 English, and the 1 English turns left.

Unit 10 elegant rhyme.

Adapt to Longwen. The autumn window is stormy

Separation means that my left hand goes up after I have the cause, and then my left hand returns to its original position while choosing a doctor.

Cao Lan

The theme song of Confucius in the film praises Confucius' tolerance and sentiment through the elegant temperament of orchids.

Fu means even rubbing.

There are 5 classical piano pieces, which are the music series scores of Pingsha geese. Pingsha Wild Goose was first published in the ancient sound of Ming Dynasty, and published in 1634, which was intended to borrow the difference of wild geese and express their freehand brushwork.

Seagulls forgot their plane. It first appeared in Liezi, a magical secret compiled by Zhu Quan in the Ming Dynasty during the Warring States Period. There is such a fable in Liezi. In ancient times, there was a man who often walked by the sea and was often close to him. Father told him to catch one or two seagulls and come back at night. He took her to the seaside to catch seagulls, which flew far away. The name of this guqin song comes from this prophecy, which means that when people have no cunning heart, aliens will approach him. This song is

Nagato's resentment came from the people of the Qing Dynasty. According to the meaning of Sima Xiangru's famous poem "Long Men Fu", he described the story that Chen Ajiao, the queen of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, was favored by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty since childhood, and then fell out of favor and retired to Nagato Palace, showing his lonely and sad mood, which is one of the representative tracks.

The song "Miss Old Friends" was written 200 years ago and published in Qin Yu magazine. Spread to Li Qinxuan's "Peng Qingshou Piano Score" in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It depicts the ancient people wandering in the courtyard of the mountain house under the moon and missing their old friends, and expresses their feelings of missing their old friends.

Meihuasan lane According to "Magic Secret Spectrum" compiled by Zhu Quan in the Ming Dynasty, this song was first composed by a man suspected of flute in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was later adapted into guqin music to express the noble character of plum blossom and praise its ambition.