J.D. (doctor of law) translates as doctor of law. Actually, it's a basic degree in law. Before the 1960s, many American universities called it LL. B, just like Britain and other countries. It was renamed J.D. after the sixties. The name is much better. J.D. can't study until he finishes his undergraduate course, regardless of his undergraduate major. J.D. needs about 90 credits to graduate. Considering that law school students are the best and study hard, it is not an exaggeration to call them doctors. Almost all lawyers, judges and university professors in the United States graduated from J.D., although there are theoretically higher degrees than J.D., such as ll. Doctor of medicine and doctor of law, Americans seldom study. Even the justices of the Supreme Court all graduated with doctor of law. LL。 M and J.S.D are generally for foreign lawyers and scholars. There are some Americans whose doctor of law is in an ordinary university. In order to improve their grades, they may go to a more famous university to study for a master's degree in law. People who can concentrate on studying J.S.D are mostly people who like to stay in the library and seek peace.
In Britain, LL.M is one level higher than LL. In the United States, some LLM's are theoretically higher than JD's .. but in American law schools, no one actually cares too much about this comparison. There are also some specific majors. M is for American J.D. students, such as intellectual property, real estate, international trade, etc. It is indeed higher than the doctor of law. The M that most foreign students come to study is actually a nine-month master's degree in comparative law (MSL). In the eyes of Americans, the gold content of this degree is not as high as that of J.D., and there is little demand for LL. I am in the American domestic market. So it's hard for LL. M graduates are looking for jobs in America. After passing the bar exam, it is ok to do immigration cases, but it is difficult to involve other core businesses. J.D. spends three times as much time and money as LL.M. and should be more popular than LL.M.
But considering LL. M only needs nine months, and he can still take the bar exam. For those who are not very rich and don't want to be in too much debt, it is actually a good choice. If I go back to China to develop, LL. M, qualified as an American lawyer, should be no less competitive than J.D. However, if your undergraduate or master's degree in China is not law, then you'd better study for a doctor of law, so that you can barely be called a legal person.
LL's application M and J. D.
If you study for a bachelor's or master's degree in law in China, you can apply for LL. M If you are qualified as a lawyer without a law degree, it is not impossible to apply for LL. M, but you have to do some explaining and packing. As long as American professors have confidence in you and believe that your education level is equivalent to that of a law undergraduate, you can do it. LL。 M only needs to submit TOEFL scores, not LSAT. The vast majority of students I know in China J.D. study LL. First it's M, then it's transferred to J.D. It's transferred from LL. M-to-J.D has some advantages over reading J. D. First, you don't have to take the LSAT. Second, you can take the bar exam in advance. Third, there is no need to show proof of financial resources for three years. Fourth, LL. M is relatively easy and can be adjusted and adapted slowly. However, it takes a lot of effort to become a real skill. After studying for three years and mixing for one year, the result will be very different. LL。 M will be transferred to J.D., and most credits can be transferred. You only need to study for two more years before you can graduate from J.D. Generally, you don't need to submit LSAT scores when you transfer to a degree, but your GPA must meet certain requirements, and your scores may rank in the top 50% of all J.D. freshmen. If you want to apply for a doctor of law and keep LL. M, LSAT scores must be submitted and it will take another three years to complete. If I remember correctly, LSAT is tested every two years in Peking University. You can take the exam four times a year in America. The TOEFL score is more than 600, which is theoretically the ll of all universities. M can apply. There are 4,000 universities in the United States, but there are less than 200 ABA-accredited law schools. It is divided into four levels. TOP 10 should be a very good university. Between twenty and fifty, it seems that there is not much difference. The advantage of a good university lies not only in teaching, but also in alumni resources. This is fatal, you will know when you are looking for a job. Universities near the city are expensive, but jobs are easy to find, so it's worth it. I applied to five law schools in the United States at that time, and the best one rejected me, and all the other four schools sent notices. But there is no scholarship. Finally, I chose the cheapest Brigham Young University. Tuition is only $6,000 a year. Good quality and low price, super procurement. I'm satisfied so far. It is rumored that new york University enrolls 400 LL students. M Students' annual tuition fee is about 20,000 to 30,000 dollars. Plus living expenses and miscellaneous expenses, it will cost about 40 thousand to 50 thousand a year. New york University has made a lot of money from this project alone. On the other hand, if I really have money, I will also study, because I get the moon first by being close to the water, and I can enjoy the cool with my back against the big tree. In American law schools, even international students can generally borrow money from the school in the second year. You can always borrow money if you are willing to get into debt. There is no shame in borrowing money to go to law school. Most students have to rely on loans to complete their studies. It is common for many law schools to be in debt100000 or more when they graduate. However, if you can successfully find a job in a university in new york, it is not unusual to earn more than 100,000 yuan a year. New york University held a large job fair for LL. Every year, M students, many law firms go there to recruit people, so new york University has an advantage in student employment. The employment situation of Columbia University is similar to that of new york University. If LL has more students. M, the school will pay more attention to it. If there are few students, you must join in J.D.
Students of American law schools usually go to law firms for internships in the first summer vacation and internships in the second summer vacation. You can earn some credits on probation, but you can't make any money. Internship can not only make money, but also receive an offer from the employer in the third year if it is done well. Law school graduates find jobs later than other majors, because students usually spend three months preparing for the bar exam after graduation. Then we have to wait four months for the result. Because of this, the second summer internship is particularly important, it is a bridge to employment. Employment is related to school rankings. So every school will attach great importance to it. The first class in law school may be to teach you how to write resumes and cover letters and accumulate interpersonal relationships. The best students usually want to be a judge's assistant for a year or two. This is a low-paying job, but it is very tiring. This experience is very helpful for becoming a lawyer in the future. American law school professors are also well paid, and only the best graduates can teach. At present, there is a shortage of patent lawyers and tax lawyers in the United States, and friends with scientific background and interest in numbers can work hard in this direction.