1. The four oceans are the general names of the four oceans on the earth (Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean). It also refers to all the oceans on the earth. The ocean area is 36 1 10,000 square kilometers, of which the Pacific Ocean accounts for 49.8%, the Atlantic Ocean for 26%, the Indian Ocean for 20% and the Arctic Ocean for 4.2%.
2. The seven continents refer to the seven land parts into which the earth's land is divided, namely:
Asia (Asia), Europe (Europe), North America (North America), South America (South America), Africa (Africa), Oceania and Antarctica.
Four oceans:
Basic introduction:
The vast waters separated and connected by land on the earth's surface are oceans, with a total area of about 360 million square kilometers. According to people's calculations, 7 1% of the earth's surface is ocean, while the land area is 29%. People used to divide the oceans on the earth into four oceans. Among them, the four oceans refer to the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean lies between Asia, Oceania, Antarctica and North and South America. It is almost oval, with narrow ends and wide middle. With an area of about 6.5438+0.7968 million square kilometers, it is the largest ocean in the world. Its average depth is about 4028 meters, and it is also the deepest ocean and the ocean with the most islands in the world. The Atlantic Ocean lies between North and South America, Europe, Africa and Antarctica, covering an area of about 93.362 million square kilometers. Its outline is slightly like an "S" shape, which is narrow from east to west and long from north to south. The Indian Ocean lies between Asia, Oceania, Africa and Antarctica, covering an area of about 74.92 million square kilometers. The Arctic Ocean is located in the northernmost part of the earth, roughly centered on the north, with an area of about 1, 365,438+10,000 square kilometers. It is the ocean with the smallest area and volume and the shallowest depth among the four oceans. Because the ocean is covered with ice all year round, it is called "Arctic Ocean".
Name source:
1, Pacific Ocean.
1520, Magellan entered a strait (later called strait of magellan) while sailing around the world, and walked out of the canyon in a calm way, so he called this water area the Pacific Ocean, which was later recognized by the whole world.
2. Atlantic Ocean.
The word Daxi comes from the name of Atlas in ancient Greek mythology. Legend has it that Atlas lives in the Atlantic Ocean and can know the depth of any ocean and has great power. 1845, the geographical society of London named the waters between North and South America, Europe, Africa and Antarctica the Atlantic Ocean.
3. Indian Ocean.
1497, Portuguese navigator da gama bypassed the Cape of Good Hope in Africa and looked for the Indian mainland eastward, calling the ocean he passed the Indian Ocean. 1570 World Atlas officially named this water area the Indian Ocean.
4. Arctic Ocean.
The Arctic Ocean is located in the Arctic, and the ocean surface is frozen all the year round, hence the name. 1845 was officially named by the Geographical Society of London.
Detailed introduction:
1, Pacific Ocean.
The total area of the Pacific Ocean is 181344,000 square kilometers, equivalent to 10 South America and18 China, accounting for 35.6% of the earth's surface area and nearly12 of the world's ocean area, with an average water depth of 3,940 meters and a seawater volume of 7.20. The Pacific Ocean accounts for 49.8% of the world's ocean area, almost half. The widest from east to west 19900 km, and the widest from north to south 15900 km. Bering Strait is connected to the Arctic Ocean in the north, Panama Canal in the east, strait of magellan and Drake Strait are connected to the Atlantic Ocean, and Malacca Strait, sunda strait, Lombok Strait, Dome of the Southwest Indian Ocean, Torres Strait and Timor Sea are connected to the West Indian Ocean. There are more than 2,600 large islands in the Pacific Ocean, which can be simply summarized into three groups and one arc: One arc is an arc-shaped archipelago distributed on the overseas side of the northern, western and southwestern edges of the Pacific Ocean, including the Kuril Islands such as Aleutian Islands, Japanese Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan Province Province, the Philippines and Indonesian Islands. These islands are close to the mainland, with large area, many harbors, strong supply capacity and great military use value. Three groups: three islands in the central Pacific: Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Melanesian islands include Solomon, Papua New Guinea and Fiji. Micronesia is a tiny archipelago, including Caroline, Mariana and gilbert islands; Polynesian islands include Hawaii, midway and society islands. For example, Cologne Islands, Hawaii Islands, Guam, Midway Island and Ryukyu Islands in Panama Basin are facing Shanghai and Okinawa Islands, so we must pay attention to them. ?
2. Atlantic Ocean.
The Atlantic Ocean has a total area of 943 14000 square kilometers, a length of 15742 kilometers from north to south and a width of 6852 kilometers from east to west, accounting for 25.4% of the world's ocean area, with an average water depth of 3575 meters and a seawater volume of 337 17000 cubic kilometers. It is equivalent to the sum of the areas of Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania. There are many islands in the Atlantic Ocean, such as large and small Antilles, Cape Verde Islands, Madeira Islands, Cuba and Haiti in the Caribbean. There are 20 seas in the Atlantic Ocean, namely: Baltic Sea, North Sea, Irish Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Goulias Sea, tyrrhenian sea, Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, Marmarak Sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea, Caribbean Sea, Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, Bay of Biscay, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Hudson Bay and Gulf of Guinea. The largest is the Weddell Sea in the South Atlantic, covering an area of 2.89 million square kilometers. Followed by the Caribbean Sea on the west coast of the North Atlantic (with an area of 2.754 million square kilometers) and the Mediterranean Sea on the east coast of the North Atlantic (with an area of 2.5 million square kilometers). The smallest sea is Malahi in the northwest corner of Turkey, with an area of only 1. 1 0,000 square kilometers. It is also the smallest sea in the world. ?
3. Indian Ocean.
The total area of the Indian Ocean is 74 1 1.8 thousand square kilometers, accounting for about 2 1. 1% of the world's ocean area, ranking third. The average water depth is 3840 meters, second only to the Pacific Ocean, ranking second among the four oceans. Its deepest point is at the bottom of the Amirant Trench on the west side of the Amirant Islands, with a depth of 9074 meters. The total volume of seawater is 29 1.95 million cubic kilometers. The Indian Ocean is the hub of the world's four oceans, and the Persian Gulf is the oil lifeline of world economic development. There are fewer seas in the Indian Ocean. There are six seas in the Indian Ocean, namely: Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Andaman Sea, Persian Gulf, Bay of Bengal and Great Australia Bay. The Arabian Sea, located in the northwest of the Indian Ocean, has the largest area, with an area of 3.863 million square kilometers. Followed by the Bay of Bengal in the northeastern Indian Ocean, with an area of 2172,000 square kilometers. The Indian Ocean ranks third among all oceans.
4. Arctic Ocean.
The total area of the Arctic Ocean12,257,000 square kilometers, the smallest. It is nearly 2 million square kilometers smaller than the 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers in Antarctica. The widest point of the Arctic Ocean is about 4233 kilometers, and the narrowest point is 1.900 kilometers. The average water depth of the Arctic Ocean is1.296m, and the seawater volume is 1.698 billion cubic kilometers. There are 10 seas in the Arctic Ocean, namely: Norwegian Sea, Greenland Sea, Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea and Baffin Bay. Among them, the largest area is the Barents Sea on the Nordic coast, with an area of10.405 million square kilometers; Followed by the Norwegian Sea, with an area of 6.5438+0.382 million square kilometers. The Arctic Ocean ranks fourth among the world's oceans. ?
Seven continents:
1, Asia.
Asia is the abbreviation of "Asia Asia", which means "the place of sunrise in the East". With an area of 44 million square kilometers, accounting for 29.4% of the total land area of the world, it is the largest continent in the world. There are 48 countries and regions. The population is 465,438+64.3 million, accounting for about 60% of the world's total population, ranking first in the world.
2. Africa.
Africa is short for Africa. The origin of the word Africa. Covering an area of about 30 million square kilometers, accounting for 20.2% of the world's total land area, it is the second largest continent in the world. There are 56 countries and regions. Population103.25 million, accounting for 12.3% of the world's total population, ranking second in the world.
3. North America.
North America and South America are collectively called America, and America is the abbreviation of "America". Covering an area of about 24 million square kilometers, accounting for 16.2% of the world's total land area, it is the third largest continent in the world. There are 37 countries and regions. The population is 528.7 million, accounting for 8. 1% of the world population, ranking fourth in the world.
4. South America.
North America and South America are collectively called America, and America is the abbreviation of "America". It covers an area of about180,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 12% of the world's total land area, making it the fourth continent in the world. There are 13 countries and regions. The population is 302 million, accounting for 5.6% of the total population in the world, ranking fifth in the world.
5. Antarctica.
Antarctica is named because this continent is located around the southernmost pole of the earth. Its English name is Antarctica, which comes from the Greek anti (in turn) plus Arctic (North Pole), which means the opposite of the North Pole, that is, the South Pole. It covers an area of 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers, accounting for 9.4% of the world's total land area, and is the fifth continent in the world. There are only some researchers and whaling teams from other continents in Antarctica, and there are no settled residents.
6. Europe
The full name of Europe is "Europa", which literally translates as "the place where the sun sets in the west". It covers an area of about 6.5438+million square kilometers, accounting for 6.8% of the world's total land area, only larger than Oceania, and is the sixth continent in the world. There are 37 countries and regions. The population is 740 million, accounting for 10.4% of the world's total population, ranking third in the world.
7. Oceania
Oceania means "land in the ocean". Generally speaking, it refers to most of the islands in the Pacific Ocean. In a narrow sense, it refers to Australia, New Zealand and Polynesia in the east of the Pacific Ocean, Micronesia in the middle and Melanesia in the west. With an area of about 9 million square kilometers, accounting for about 6% of the total land area of the world, it is the smallest continent in the world. There are 24 countries and regions. With a population of 29 million, accounting for about 0.5% of the world's total population, it is the least populated continent except Antarctica.