Cao Cao (155 ~ 220), namely Wei Wudi. Politicians, militarists and poets in the Three Kingdoms period. The word Meng De, nicknamed A Zang, was born in Qiao Shi (now Bo County, Anhui Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the military strength was gradually expanded in the suppression of the Yellow Scarf Army. In the third year of Chuping (AD 192), Yanzhou was occupied, and part of Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army was lured to become "Qingzhou soldiers". The first year of Jian 'an (196), Xian Di Xu (now Henan). Relying on the emperor to be a vassal, he successively calmed down the separatist forces such as Lu Bu. After the battle of Guandu defeated warlord Yuan Shao, the northern part of China was gradually unified. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, he ascended the position of Prime Minister, led his troops south, and was defeated by Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. Wang Wei was later blocked. His son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and made him Emperor Wu.

He reclaimed land and built water conservancy projects in the north, which solved the problem of insufficient rations and played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production. Employ people on their merits, break the concept of family status, attract the middle and lower classes of the landlord class, restrain the strongmen and strengthen centralization. The social economy of the ruling area has been restored and developed. He is good at the art of war and has written books such as Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Tzu's Art of War. Articles such as Good Poetry, Hao and Looking at the Sea express their political ambitions and reflect the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty, which are magnificent, generous and sad. Prose is also neat. His works include "Wei Wudi Collection", which has been lost and is based on the Ming Dynasty. There is a typesetting copy of Cao Caoji today.

Cao Cao's resume

Wei Wudi

Name: Cao Cao

Temple number: Taizu

Posthumous title: Emperor Wu.

Mausoleum: Gaoling

Political power: Cao Wei

Life span: 155-220 years old

Cao Cao (155-0315,220), whose real name was Meng De, a native of Geely, was born in Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). China was a famous strategist, politician and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

all one's life

Cao Cao was born in a bureaucratic family, and his father Cao Song's real name was Xiahou. Later, he became the adopted son of Cao Teng, the servant of Changqiu, so he changed his name to Cao Shi. When Cao Cao was young, he was both civil and military. Wei Shu said that he "shot birds with his hands, bowed his head, tasted Nanpi, and shot 63 pheasants a day." The History of the Three Kingdoms says that he is "talented and invincible" and "less alert has the right to count".

In A.D. 175, Cao Cao promoted Xiao Lian to Luoyang. In 177, he was appointed as Qiu Ling, married Bian Shi in 179, and was promoted to Yilang in 180. In A.D. 184, he started to serve as a captain in the war to suppress the Yellow Scarf Army uprising in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was promoted to Jinan for actively suppressing the Yellow Scarf Army. Later, he served as a prefect, a captain and a captain of the standard army in the East County. After Dong Zhuo entered Beijing in A.D. 189, he fled to his hometown of Liu Chen to fight against Dong Zhuo.

In 192, Cao Cao formally established his own military group "Qingzhou soldiers". In A.D. 196, he led the troops to Luoyang to meet Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and moved to Xuchang. From 200 to 207, after the battle of Guandu and other battles, Yuan Shao and other separatist warlords were defeated and the northern part of China was unified. In December, 13th year of Jian 'an (2008), Battle of Red Cliffs was defeated by Sun Quan and Liu Bei, which laid a tripartite confrontation with China in the history of China.

In 2 13, Cao Cao was named "Duke Wei". In 2 15, Zhang Lu army was captured in Hanzhong. In AD 2 16, he was promoted to Wang Wei again and won Jiu Xi. He was crowned by the emperor with a standard, and was escorted by the police when he came in and out, making a Pan Palace. Although nominally still a minister of the Han dynasty, he is in power in the ruling and opposition parties and actually has the power and power of the emperor, but he has not yet established Han independence. Cao Cao died on March 15, AD 220, at the age of 66.

In 220 AD, Cao Pi, the eldest son, established the Wei and Han Dynasties, and respected Cao Cao as Emperor Mao Wu. He is the founder of Wei State. He is the author of military works, such as Sun Tzu's Brief Explanation, The Art of War, and poems, such as Hao Xing, Watching the Sea, and Gui Although Shou. Later generations also compiled Cao Cao Ji.

The evaluation of Cao Cao in history books is: "A wise man will gain something if he worries a lot", "A capable minister who can rule the world, a traitor in troubled times" and "writing poems horizontally will consolidate the heroes in the world". Zi Zhi Tong Jian quoted the counselors Xun and Guo Jia's comments on Cao Cao, saying that Cao Cao had ten skills, namely "Tao, righteousness, governance, neutrality, strategy, morality, benevolence, Ming, literature and martial arts". The famous "Let County Know the Original Record" was written in the fifteenth year of Jian 'an (2 10), and every sentence was aboveboard and sincere. Cao Cao said emotionally: "Let there be no orphans in the world. I don't know how many people are emperors and how many people are kings. " That's true.

In the long historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are obvious ways to belittle Cao because of the need of literature. However, reflection on his evaluation can be regarded as the highest among Wei, Shu and Wu monarchs. Chen Shou commented on Cao Cao: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and the heroes rose together. Yuan Shao was eyeing the four States and was invincible." Mao strategized, castigated the magic of Shen and Shang, used the unique tactics of Han and Bai, and granted official materials, each for his own devices, melodramatic, and forgot the old evils. In the end, he was able to conquer the imperial court machine and become a flood maker, but it was only slightly better. I can be described as an extraordinary person, an unparalleled outstanding figure. 」

Later scholars believed that this was because Luo Guanzhong, the author of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, deliberately distorted the facts and did not correctly evaluate Cao Cao. Cao Cao is talented and versatile, and his tactics and tactics are flexible and changeable in the military. He made great contributions to the unification of northern China, the recovery of economic production and the maintenance of social order at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of internal affairs, Cao Cao established a system of reclaiming farmland and ordered soldiers who didn't need to fight to go to the fields to farm, thus alleviating the food problem during the war in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Cao Cao's Poetic Style

Cao Cao's poems written by Cao Cao were greatly influenced by Yuefu, and all the existing poems are Yuefu songs. Although these poems use the old themes of Yuefu, they do not follow the ancient poems and are not bound by their own new ways. But they inherited the spirit of "feeling sad and happy, but being useless". For example, Autumn Dew Trip and Excitement were originally songs, but Cao Cao used them to mourn the chaos. "Out of the East Gate" was originally a song that felt the impermanence of life and needed to eat, drink and be merry in time, but Cao Cao used it to express his ambition to dominate the world and the magnificent scenery he saw when he returned from the Northern Expedition. It can be seen that Cao Cao's innovative folk songs opened up a new style of Jian 'an literature and influenced Du Fu, Bai Juyi and others later.

There are three contents in Cao Cao's poems: reflecting the reality of unrest in the late Han Dynasty, unifying the ideal of the world and the indomitable spirit, and expressing unforgettable negative emotions.

In the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao had a wide range of social contacts. Therefore, he has a lot of personal experience and understanding, such as "Hao Xing", which called the tragic scene of the war at the end of the Han Dynasty. When he saw the sufferings of the people, he also saw the sympathy of the poet when he was hurt. Therefore, later generations called Cao Cao Yuefu "a true record of the late Han Dynasty, an authentic poem".

Cao Cao was born in an official's family and had ambitions for the world, so he had unified ambitions. There is a saying in the short Song Dynasty that "the Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world belongs to his heart". His enterprising spirit is also evident. For example, in "Although the tortoise lives a long life", he said that he would never give up his ambition in his later years.

A generation of fierce, even with scenery, died when the stars fell. Cao Cao also felt helpless, only poetic and helpless. For example, the sentimental feeling of "it is more difficult to go to Japan when the morning dew comes" in short songs, Hu Xing's low mood in autumn, and his negative mood can be seen in Shang Mosang's works.

Cao Cao's poetic form is very innovative. He is particularly good at writing five-character and four-character styles. Hao was originally a miscellaneous word, but Cao Cao rewritten it into five words, which was very successful. Four-character poems have declined since The Book of Songs, and there are not many excellent works, but Cao Cao inherited the national style and the tradition of Xiaoya, reflecting reality and expressing emotions. For example, "Short Song" and "Out of the Summer Gate" are masterpieces of four-character poems, which make them reborn and glow again. Cao Cao's poems are concise, straightforward, bold, sad, gloomy and bold. Colorful words are not common, but vivid as the poem "Watching the Sea": "The autumn wind is bleak, the waves are rough, and the trip to the sun and the moon, if it is outside, the stars are brilliant, if it is outside. A few strokes, without retouching, can express the poet's heart with the vast sea scene.

domestic

Cao Cao, a mask of Anshun local opera in Qing Dynasty, had twenty-five sons:

Cao Ang was killed by Zhang Xiu when he was young.

In 220 AD, Cao Pi forced Wei Wendi, the Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, to abdicate.

Cao Zhang, a brave general, once defeated Dai Jun by 50,000. In 225, he was appointed king of this city.

Cao Zhi, who is good at literature, once wrote The Ode to Luoshen. Although favored by Cao Cao, he finally failed to compete with his younger brother Cao Pi, and he could not display his ambition politically. In 225 AD, Chen was made king.

Good morning, Cao Xiong.

Good morning, Cao Shuo.

It is said that prodigy Cao Chong once weighed elephants according to the principle of buoyancy.

According to Cao, he was made King of Pengcheng in 232 AD.

In 232 AD, Cao Yu was crowned the Prince of Yan.

Cao Lin was named Pei Wang in 232 AD.

In 232 AD, Cao was made King of Zhongshan. Cao took good care of him when he was seriously ill and held a grand funeral for him after his death.

Cao was named Hou of Xixiang in AD 2 1 1.

Cao Jun was named Chen Liuwang in 232 AD.

Good morning, Cao.

In 232 AD, Cao Gan was made king of Zhao.

Good morning, Cao Shang.

In 232 AD, Cao Biao was made King of Chu. In 25 1 year, he rebelled against ling with him and was sentenced to death.

Good morning, Cao Qin.

Good morning, Cao Cheng.

In 2 17 ad, Cao Zheng was appointed marquis.

Good morning, Cao Jing.

In AD 2 17, Cao Jun was named Fan Hou.

Good morning, Cao Ji.

In 232 AD, Cao Hui was made King of Dongping.

Cao Mao has been at odds with Cao Cao and Cao Pi. In 232 AD, he was made king of Quyang.

Cao Cao

Cao Cao (155 ~ 220), namely Wei Wudi. Politicians, militarists and poets in the Three Kingdoms period. The word Meng De, nicknamed A Zang, was born in Qiao Shi (now Bo County, Anhui Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the military strength was gradually expanded in the suppression of the Yellow Scarf Army. . Relying on the emperor to be a vassal, he successively calmed down the separatist forces such as Lu Bu. After the battle of Guandu defeated warlord Yuan Shao, the northern part of China was gradually unified. When he arrived in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he became a prime minister, led his troops south, and was defeated by the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. Wang Wei was later blocked. From then on, it laid the foundation for the tripartite confrontation between Wei Shuwu and China in the history of China. Cao Pi, the son of Cao Pi, established Wei instead of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and was honored as Emperor Wu. At the age of 66,

Cao Cao has always been a controversial historical figure. In the eyes of ordinary people, he is a bad guy and a traitor. In fact, according to the true historical evaluation, Cao Cao is an excellent politician, strategist and writer.

1. politician: Cao Cao was both civil and military when he was young. "He is an effective minister in managing the world and a traitor in troubled times." The History of the Three Kingdoms rated him as the tallest of the three monarchs in Wei Shuwu. He made great contributions to the unification of northern China, the recovery of economic production and the stability of social order in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of internal affairs, Cao Cao established a system of reclaiming farmland and ordered soldiers who didn't need to fight to go to the fields to farm, thus alleviating the food problem during the war in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Second, the strategist: Cao Cao is talented. When Guan Yu was caught by him, he hoped that Guan Yu would surrender to him, because he knew that Guan Yu was a loyal and brave man, but Guan Yu never agreed and added harsh words. In the end, I would rather let Guan Yu go back than kill him. It can be seen that he is a very talented person. But he is also a suspicious person. Once, he tried to get rid of Dong Zhuo, only to find that Dong Zhuo had sent someone to kill Cao Cao. It was at the critical moment that his father's good friend Lv Boshe saved him. To scare him, Lv Boshe sharpened his knife and killed pigs to entertain him. But Cao Cao thought it was an assassination, so he struck first and killed all the families in Lv Boshe. Cao Cao asked him why he wanted to kill him, and his friend said it was a pig. It can be seen that Cao Cao is vicious and cruel. Another time, a soldier tucked him in at night, but he pretended to be dreaming and killed the soldier, and then the soldier held a grand funeral. What he did touched the hearts of the soldiers, and the purpose of his reburial was also here. He is also a very resourceful person. I believe everyone knows the idiom "Looking at plum to quench thirst".

Third, the writer: there are three contents in Cao Cao's poems:

1, reflecting the turmoil in the late Han Dynasty,

2, the unity of reality, the ideal of the world and the tenacious enterprising spirit,

3. Express unforgettable negative emotions.

His "Although the Turtle is Longevity", an old horse crouches in the tiger, aiming at a thousand miles. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. Although he said he still didn't give up his ambition in his later years.

Liu Bei (16 1 ~ 223)

China was the founding monarch of the Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. Emperor Zhao Lie of Han Dynasty. The word xuande. Zhuoxian, Zhuoxian. The royal family was sparse in Han dynasty. In his early years, he made friends with heroes by selling shoes and weaving mats. In the last years of Emperor Ling, he made great contributions to the suppression of the Yellow Scarf Uprising by the imperial court and was appointed as Wei. After taking refuge in Gongsun Zan. Tao Qian, who was grazing in Xuzhou, was attacked by Cao Cao and was ready to lead troops to save him. When Tao Qian died, Liu Bei took the place of grazing in Xuzhou according to his orders. Yuan Shu, who was entrenched in Shouchun, refused and was won by another warlord, Lu Bu, who was defeated by Cao Cao. Very valued by Cao Cao. Because of Cao Cao's murder, he fled to Xuzhou and unified tens of thousands of people. In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), he was defeated by Cao Cao and defected to Yuan Shao. After the battle of Guandu, Liu Biao went south. As he became more and more popular, Liu Biao took precautions against him. In thirteen years, Cao Cao went south, Liu Biao died, and Liu Cong surrendered. Liu Bei fled to Xiakou, took Zhuge Liang's advice, joined forces with Sun Quan, and defeated Cao Cao (see Battle of Red Cliffs) in Chibi, thus occupying Jingzhou. 16 years, at the request of Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang, led tens of thousands of people to the west of Sichuan. After Liu Bei captured Chengdu, he overthrew the rule of Liu Zhang and won Yizhou. In twenty-four years, Cao Cao's general Xia Bing was defeated, and Cao Cao led the army to personally expedition, but he returned in vain. Liu Bei then occupied Hanzhong and became the king of Hanzhong. In the same year, Guan Yu was killed and Jingzhou was taken by Sun Quan. The scale of Shu has been basically determined since then.

Liu Bei

Liu Bei knows that people are good at their duties, and the famous generals Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are all right-hand men; Complacency, trust, obedience, and taking appropriate measures can create a situation of confrontation with Wei and Wu in a small and sparsely populated place in Sichuan. 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Han, and Chengdu as its capital. At that time, he led an army to attack Wu and wanted to avenge Guan Yu and Jingzhou. Sun Quan sent messengers to make peace, and it was not allowed. The following year, the two armies fought a decisive battle in Yiling. Due to strategic mistakes, the stalemate lasted for seven or eight months, and the Shu army was exhausted and demoralized. It was defeated by Lu Xun, the general of the State of Wu, and suffered heavy losses. Liu Bei fled to Baidi City. In the second year, he became seriously ill and was orphaned by Zhuge Liang, the prime minister, and died soon.

Sun Quan (A.D. 182-252)

Sun Quan, named Zhong Mou, was the founder of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. He inherited the inheritance of his father and brother and became a hero in the Three Kingdoms period.

Sun Quan's father, Sun Jian, was born in Fuchun at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was originally just a small county official. After the outbreak of the Yellow Scarf Uprising, more than a thousand soldiers were self-sufficient and promoted to another department of Sima, and then in Taining, Changsha. He once attached himself to the consolidation forces of Yuan Shu. 192 was killed by an arrow in the battle with Liu Biao. Sun Jian's eldest son, Sun Ce, was only 17 years old. On the basis of Sun Jian, he occupied Jiangdong in 200 AD, Sun Ce was assassinated, and his younger brother 18-year-old Sun Quan became the new owner of Jiangdong.

Sun Quan is young and promising. He paid attention to uniting all forces, and soon won the support of his subordinates, so that Zhang Zhao, Zhou Yu, Lu Su, Cheng Pu, Taishi Ci and other Jiangdong celebrities were "used by him" and the situation in Soochow was stabilized. In 2008, Sun Quan joined forces with Liu Bei, defeated in Chibi, and fought a decisive battle with Wei and Shu. On 2 19.

Sun Quan has outstanding leadership and unique political vision. Before he proclaimed himself emperor, he set up counties in Jiaozhou and Guangzhou. In 242, he sent troops to capture Hainan Island, where he sent 10,000 troops and crossed the Strait to reach Taiwan Province Island, basically unifying the Jiangnan area. He carried out large-scale reclamation measures, which greatly developed agriculture, handicrafts, commerce and navigation in the south of the Yangtze River, and promoted the shift of China's economic focus from north to south. During the reign of Sun Quan, Wu Dong always maintained a strong strength and became the longest-lasting and finally extinct regime in the Three Kingdoms. He sighed with the famous politician Cao Cao: "Children should be like Sun Zhongmou!"