Open classification: people, history, counsellor, romance of the Three Kingdoms, annals of the Three Kingdoms.
resume
Xu You was born in Nanyang, Jingzhou (now Nanyang, Henan).
Concise historical biography
When Xu You was young, he was friends with Yuan Shao and Cao Cao. Later, he became Yuan Shao's counselor. He was deeply dissatisfied with his repeated suggestions to Yuan Shao. In the battle of Guandu, Xu You went to Cao Cao because his family broke the law, provided important information, and suggested that Cao Cao sneak attack Wu Chao. As a result, he won a great victory. After the battle of Guandu, Xu You followed Cao Cao to pacify Jizhou and made great contributions. However, Xu You was so arrogant that he finally angered Cao Cao and was killed.
Concise romantic biography
Xu You befriended Cao Cao when he was young, and later became Yuan Shao's counselor. Many times, he was deeply dissatisfied that Yuan Shao's suggestions were not listened to. In the battle of Guandu, Xu You went to Cao Cao because his family broke the law, provided important information, and suggested that Cao Cao sneak attack Wu Chao. As a result, he won a great victory. After the battle of Guandu, Xu You followed Cao Cao to Yecheng. He spoke wildly and despised Cao Jun's soldiers, and was killed by Chu Xu in a rage. Cao Cao pretended to be angry, but didn't punish Chu Xu.
Detailed introduction
One of the effective counselors under Yuan Shao's account. Yuan Shaoxing attacked Cao Cao with an army of170,000 around Guandu. During the stalemate in the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao kept Guandu City for a long time, and his military strength was gradually exhausted. He sent an emissary to Xuchang for help. The messenger was stopped by Xu You, and the letter of urging food was exposed. So I presented Yuan Shao and analyzed that Cao Cao's army was stationed in Guandu. After a long stalemate with his own army, Xuchang must be empty. If an army is divided into starry nights, Xuchang can win it and Cao Cao Can can occupy it. At this time, Cao Cao has run out of food and grass, so he can take this opportunity to attack in two ways. Guandu and Xuchang were available, but also captured by Cao. If Yuan Shao uses Xu You to attack Xuchang and Guandu, Cao Cao will be wiped out.
Unfortunately, the most needed advice is the least taken seriously. Yuan Shao is suspicious and willful, and thinks that Cao Cao is scheming. This grain reminder letter is a trick to lure the enemy. Because Xu You and Cao Cao were friends when they were young, Yuan Shao even suspected that Xu You had secretly contacted Cao Cao and acted as a spy for Cao Cao. Angry to kill it. Xu You lamented Yuan Shao's shortcomings, adding insult to injury to Shen Pei, who was also a counselor, so he remembered his old love with Cao Cao and turned to Cao Cao's door. Lombardi lost one of the most effective counselors, and later generations have a poem to sigh:
Original heroism covers China.
Guandu sighed in vain.
If you ask permission,
Is it the Cao family that mountains and rivers are competing for each other?
After Xu You voted for Cao Cao, he suggested that Cao Cao join the army quickly and make a quick decision. The soldiers divided into eight routes to capture Ye County, and Yuan Shao fled hastily. After Yuan Shao's death, the Zhanghe River flooded with wings, which led to Yuan Shang's defeat and escape, and Shen Pei was beheaded. Wing could sink, lombardi foundation completely collapsed. Yuan Shao would not even think of death, and would eventually be defeated by his former counselor.
After Cao Cao conquered Yizhou, Xu You made a great contribution and left no one behind. He was proud of himself. He laughed at Cao Cao several times and was killed by Chu Xu.
comprehensive assessment
There is no biography of Xu You in the History of the Three Kingdoms, but the record of Xu You is roughly the same as that in the Romance. The earliest record was recorded in Shu Wei ◎ Emperor Wu Ji. Xu You was mentioned many times in the Ji of Emperor Wudi, which was an earth-shattering event at first. "Hectares, jizhou secretariat Wang Fen, nanyang, etc. A bunch of heroes, want to waste the spirit of the emperor, stand at hou to MAO, MAO refused. Fen and others were defeated. "This record tells us that Xu You, a Nanyang native, grew up with a little charm and dared to conspire with others to abolish the emperor. In this incident, Xu You thought of Cao Cao and thought that Cao Cao had a good chance of winning, but Cao Cao did not participate. As Cao Cao expected, the abolition failed this time.
After this incident, Xu You remained silent until the battle of Guandu broke out and began to appear as a counselor of Yuan Shao. Xu You appeared in Guandu three times. The first time was when Yuan Shao and Cao Cao were at loggerheads. This appearance is recorded in the historical materials of the previous generation quoted by Pei Songzhi. The note said that Yuan couldn't attack Guandu, so he gave Yuan an idea and took the son of heaven to Xudu by another way. But Yuan Shao didn't listen to Xu You's advice, and as a result, Xu You was very angry. Judging from this record, it seems that Xu You not only has courage, but also has brains, and this plan is exactly what Cao Cao was afraid of, but Yuan Shao did not listen. As a result, Xu You was very angry. As can be seen from the first record, Xu You and Cao Cao are still very friendly. At this juncture, instead of helping his old friend, he offered this fatal trick, which was really dedicated to Yuan Shao. Just because Yuan Shao didn't use such a good plan, he was very angry. If he didn't really care about Yuan Shao, he wouldn't be angry. At this point, Xu You had no intention of mutiny.
But when Xu You appeared in Guandu for the second time, he defected. Yuan Shao's failure to listen to his plan certainly has some influence, but without this incident, his rebellion will still happen. For this ending, Cao Cao's counselor Yu Xun had long anticipated it. According to "Biography of Yu Xun", Kong Rong went to see Xun, saying that Yuan Shao's counselors were like clouds, which was difficult for the enemy. When referring to Xu You, Yu Xun said that Xu You was greedy for money and indulged his family in breaking the law. Shen Pei and Ji Feng are both upright and unprincipled people. Once Xu You's family members break the law, they will definitely be arrested, and when their family members are arrested, Xu You will definitely make other plans. Things are just as Yu Xun expected. It is recorded in the "Emperor Wu Ji": "Shao's advisers are greedy for money and cannot be satisfied with Shao. He came to run because he said he hit Joan. " Xu You was greedy for money. When Yuan Shao was no longer satisfied, he left Yuan Shao to find Cao Cao and put forward a plan to burn Yuan Shao's grain and grass. Actually, there is something wrong with the records here. Xu You is greedy for money. If Yuan Shao was not satisfied, he should have run away long ago. Why do we have to wait until the battle of Guandu? Moreover, Xu You has put forward such a good plan before, which is obviously not something that a person who wants to go can do. The reason why Xu You left Yuan Shao is probably that Xu You's family was killed as mentioned in The Romance. This matter is also mentioned in Xun's biography. "Shen Pei illegally took Xu's family, took his wife, and rebelled against Shao in anger." It can be seen that what triggered Xu You to surrender to Cao Cao was not that greed was not satisfied, nor that the plan could not be used, but that his family was taken into custody. So, on the surface, Xu You didn't become a troubled youth because of this mutiny. Actually, it is not.
Why was Xu You's family detained? What law did you break? Since Yu Xun made that judgment, there must be a causal relationship. In other words, because Xu You is greedy, his family will break the law. Although Yuan Shao gave him many benefits, he still thought that Yuan Shao didn't give him enough benefits. As a corrupt official, his salary cannot support him. He must find another way to make money. And this will inevitably violate the statutes formulated by Shen Pei, who is upright and upright. Before the war, Yuan Shao may have taken a fancy to Xu You's constant protection, but Xu You's family escaped punishment. Now that Xu You and Yuan Shao are gone, Shen Pei and Ji Feng will no longer be silent. Once Xu You's family makes new mistakes, they will naturally be put in prison. When the news reached the front, it became a fait accompli. Yuan Shao had imprisoned two counselors, Tian Feng and Jushou, before going to war, and he was also supercilious to Xu Youxian's plan. Now that Tian Feng knows that Lombardi will take it out on him after his failure, then smart Xu You can naturally think of it. My home is gone. If I stay with Yuan Shao, I'm afraid my life will be lost.
This shows that Xu You is a corrupt official who is good at planning for himself. But he also has a moral bottom line, and he will not go out of the way of violating morality unless he has to. In his early response to Wang Fen, it is estimated that he had the idea of getting tickets. Another speculative idea is to go to Yuan Shao. But he didn't leave Yuan Shao when the plan didn't succeed. It shows that although he is speculative, he still cares about the world. It was not until I couldn't stay any longer that I finally turned around and gave Yuan Shao a fatal blow.
According to legend, Xu You discovered Cao Cao's letters and knew that Cao Cao had no food. However, there is no mention of Xu You's interception of Cao Cao's letters in the relevant notes of the History of the Three Kingdoms. Xu You reached this conclusion completely according to his own judgment. At the same time, combined with the strategies mentioned by Xu You, it shows that Xu You's talents should be ranked above the average among the counselors in the Three Kingdoms.
After the nest was broken, Chunyu Qiong was caught by Cao Cao. Chunyu Qiong said the outcome was due to the number of days, and Cao Cao decided not to kill Chunyu Qiong. In fact, this time, Chunyu Qiong has lost his nose in the battle. At this time, Xu You said to Cao Cao, "I will see you in the mirror, so I won't forget people." When he looks in the mirror tomorrow, he won't forget tonight's shame. Cao Cao thought Xu You's words made sense, so he killed Chunyu Qiong.
The above facts show that Xu You is a very talented person, who can weigh the pros and cons and has a certain moral bottom line. But Xu You is a corrupt official. As long as they are officials, they are greedy. Corrupt officials are problem youths at all times. But compared with other more problematic young people in the Three Kingdoms, Xu You can only point to Li Yan's nose and say that you are almost the same.
historical chronology
When Xu You was young, he was friends with Yuan Shao and Cao Cao. Later, he became Yuan Shao's counselor. He was deeply dissatisfied with his repeated suggestions to Yuan Shao. In the battle of Guandu, Xu You went to Cao Cao because his family broke the law, provided important information, and suggested that Cao Cao sneak attack Wu Chao. As a result, he won a great victory. After the battle of Guandu, Xu You followed Cao Cao to pacify Jizhou and made great contributions. However, Xu You was so arrogant that he finally angered Cao Cao and was killed.
Around 184, Wang Fen and Xu You, the secretariat of Jizhou, attempted to abolish the Emperor of Han Ling and set up an imperial court, which ended in failure.
189, Yuan Shao escaped from Dong Zhuochu and went to Jizhou. Later, Xu You became Yuan Shao's counselor and urged Yuan Shao to form an alliance with Cao Cao.
/kloc-in 0/96, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty returned to the East and advised Yuan Shao to see Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. Yuan Shao didn't listen, and Xu You was deeply dissatisfied.
In 200 AD, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao began to fight. Xu You suggested that Yuan Shao attack Cao Cao slowly. Yuan Shao thinks he is strong and won't listen to advice. Xu You was deeply disappointed. Xu You was greedy for money, ruined his family and was admitted by Shen Pei. So Xu You went to Cao Cao and suggested that Cao Cao send troops to the Wu Dynasty, and the result was a great victory. After Yuan Shao surrendered to Zhang He and Gao Lan, Cao Hong expressed distrust and came forward to guarantee.
After the battle of Guandu, Xu You followed Cao Cao to pacify Jizhou and made great contributions. However, Xu You supported his army with self-esteem and despised Cao Cao many times, calling him a nickname. Although Cao Cao smiled on the surface, he hated him in his heart. Once, Xu You went out of the east gate of Yecheng and said to the left and right, "This family can't enter this door without me." Someone reported Cao Cao, so Xu You was detained and eventually killed.
Historical evaluation
"The Three Kingdoms": "Xu You is greedy for money, which is more than enough."
Kong Rong: Xu You is a clever man.
Yu Xun: Xu You is greedy but unwise.
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References:
1. History of the Three Kingdoms
2. Romance of the Three Kingdoms
3. Baidu Post Bar: /f? kz=70 188659
Contributor (total 10):
A287392206, Zhang Dagang 33, Lin Song, Shi Jie, Bai Cai Xu, Three Kingdoms Culture, Qing, Double Sword Captain, vkle, rolled up thousands of tons of snow.