Campaign is a part of war, which directly serves and obeys the overall situation of war, and also affects the overall situation of war to varying degrees. It directly uses combat and is directly affected by the success or failure of the battle. Modern combat is usually a contract battle jointly conducted by various military species and arms.

Nominal name

battle

Bopomofo

Spreading wings

English

operate

classify

Offensive campaigns, defensive campaigns, etc.

Famous campaign

Maling Campaign, Huaihai Campaign and so on.

catalogue

1 Introduction

2 classification

3 Overview

4 source

5 definition

Six famous cases

Ancient China

Revolutionary war

War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

war of liberation

Foreign history

brief introduction

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It is a part of the war, directly serving and obeying the overall situation of the war, and also affecting the overall situation of the war to varying degrees. It is composed of many campaigns, and it also directly affects the success or failure of the campaign. Modern combat is usually a contract battle jointly conducted by various military species and arms.

Boss Peng in the Hundred Regiments War

classify

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According to the purpose and nature of operations, there are offensive campaigns and defensive campaigns.

Offensive warfare

According to the participating services, there are independent services such as land, sea and air, as well as joint operations of several services such as land, sea and air. According to the operational space, there are land warfare, naval warfare and air combat.

According to the scale of operations, there are large-scale battles (such as battles in war zones or Front Armygroup), medium-scale battles (such as battles in medium-sized theaters or group armies) and small-scale battles (such as battles in small theaters or group armies).

A large-scale battle usually includes several small-scale battles. Among them, land warfare is divided into positional warfare, mobile warfare, guerrilla warfare and the combination of several forms.

Positional warfare campaigns are divided into field positions and offensive and defensive battles with strong positions according to the different levels of positions. It can also be divided into battles under various terrain and climate conditions according to terrain and climate conditions, such as offensive and defensive battles in rivers, desert grassland areas, alpine areas and tropical forest areas.

abstract

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The army [1] is the sum total of a series of battles in a certain area or direction of the war in a certain period of time according to a general operational attempt and plan. Battle is a combat action between war and battle.

source

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Abroad, before17th century, large-scale operations were often called "battles". The word "Battle" first appeared in the historical materials of China 1894+65438 Sino-Japanese War. At that time, the Sino-Japanese War was called "Sino-Japanese War" and "Sino-Japanese War". In 1908, Cai E put forward that a battle is a combat level, and pointed out: "A soldier is also a soldier who can independently take charge of one side in a battle." Since then, campaign has been widely used as a military term. In the former Soviet Union, the word campaign was first used in the 1920s. The United States has not used the concept of campaign for a long time, and it was not until 1982 that the word "campaign" was used in its operational program. The campaign of China People's Liberation Army is based on the people's war, and it is a campaign to defeat the enemy with inferior equipment and superior equipment. It has experienced the development process from small to large, from a single army campaign to a contract campaign of various services and arms. A campaign usually consists of two parts: campaign preparation and campaign implementation.

definition

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The meaning of fighting: the sum of a series of battles, large and small, in a certain space and time. It is carried out by the army under unified command, with the purpose of achieving the partial or overall purpose of the war and according to a general operational attempt. It belongs to the combat action between war and campaign.

Famous cases

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Ancient China

The military commanders of both sides of this famous campaign participated in the war and achieved results.

The battle of the Long Spoon-thirty thousand in Qi Huangong-tens of thousands of people defeated the Qi army.

Xian Zhen Chengpu Battle-Yu Zi 2-4 Wan Chu Army was defeated.

In the Battle of Baiju, Sun Wu-300,000-200,000 Chu troops were defeated, and then the capital was broken.

In the Battle of Tian Ji in Guiling, Sun Bin-Pang Juan 80000-65438+ Million Qi defeated Wei Jun by encircling Wei to save Zhao.

In the Battle of Maling, Sun Bin-Pang Juan 8-65,438+10,000 Wei Jun was wiped out.

The Battle of Tiandan in Jimo-Le Yi, riding and robbing 7,000-unknown to recover the territory of Qi.

The Battle of Extinction Yan Jianxiang 600,000-the nameless destruction of Chu.

In the Battle of Yanmen, Li Mu-Xiongnu Khan wiped out the Xiongnu army from 654.38+05,000 to 654.38+00,000.

In the battle of Changping-adowa 600,000-450,000 Zhao Kuo, killing more than 400,000 Zhao people.

The battle of Guandu Cao Cao-Yuan Shao 20,000-65438+/kloc-0,000,000 fighters with more than 70,000 people.

Battle of Red Cliffs Zhou Yu-Cao Cao 50,000-more than 200,000 laid the foundation for the tripartite confrontation among the three countries.

The battle of Yiling, Lu Xun-50,000 Liu Bei -654.38+ million Shu declined.

The Battle of Feishui Xie Xuan-Fu Jian 80,000-970,000 Fu Jian went to Luoyang, leaving only 654.38+10,000.

In the Battle of Julu, 200,000-400,000 troops of Xiang Yu-Zhang Han were wiped out.

The Battle of Pengcheng Xiang Yu-Liu Bang30,000-560,000 soldiers 200,000

In the battle of Jingxing, Han Xin-Zhao Wangxie took 300,000-200,000 to destroy Zhao and captured Zhao Wangxie alive.

The Battle of Weishui in Han Xin-Tens of thousands of Qi kings-200,000 destroyed Qi.

The Battle of Gaixia Han Xin-Xiang Yu 400,000 -65438+ Wan Xiang Yu was besieged on all sides and committed suicide after breaking through.

The Battle of Mobei, Huo Qubing-The Xiongnu Khan was annihilated by more than 80,000 people from 200,000 to 65438,000.

In the Battle of Kunyang, Liu Xiu-Wang Yi was less than 20,000-420,000 Wang Yi only led thousands of people to flee back to Luoyang.

The Battle of Baijiangkou —— Silla Army defeated the Japanese army with fewer victories in the Tang Dynasty in China.

Revolutionary war

During the first counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", Zhu De and Mao Zedong wiped out 40,000-65,438+10,000 people and 65,438+2,000 people in Ludiping.

In the second counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", Zhu De and Hehe wiped out 300,000 to 200,000 enemies and wiped out thousands of them.

In the third counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", Zhu De and Mao Zedong-300,000-300,000 Chiang Kai-shek wiped out 30,000 enemy troops.

During the fourth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", Zhu De and Zhou Enlai-750,000 Chiang Kai-shek ambushed the mountainous area with large armies and annihilated three divisions.

In the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", Li De and Bo Gu-65,438+10,000 Chiang Kai-shek-110,000 were defeated and forced to March on the Long March.

Xu-Li 3rd Division-12 Regiment adopted the tactics of encircling key points to support in Sujiabu Battle, and achieved brilliant victory.

Sidu Chishui Mao Zedong-Xue Yue 30000- 12 Brigade successfully got rid of the siege.

In the battle of Zhiluo Town, Peng-Niu Yuanfeng's two legions-1division surrounded a regiment and annihilated a division.

War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

Li Zongren-Liu Junjun Xuzhou Battle 1 10,000-300,000 Our army surrounded the Japanese army in Taierzhuang Battle, wiped out 1 10,000 people, and our army lost about 30,000 people.

Kunlun Pass was won by Du-Nakamura Masao 1 Army-1Brigade, and most of the enemies were wiped out.

Hundred Regiments Battle Peng Huaide-200,000 Heavenly Troops-unknown. Our army broke the Japanese prison policy, annihilated 45,000 enemy troops, and debunked the Kuomintang's slander of "swimming without fighting"

war of liberation

Su Yu-Li Moan and Tang 30000- 120000 The People's Liberation Army won seven battles in the Soviet Union.

The People's Liberation Army (PLA), which defended Peng-Hu Zongnan in Yan 'an from 20,000 to 230,000, voluntarily gave up and adopted mushroom tactics, crushing the key attack of Kuomintang troops on northern Shaanxi.

In the battle of Laiwu, Su Yu, Chen Yiwang, Li and other 200,000 to 60,000 people wiped out 56,000 people in three days with mobile warfare.

In the Battle of Meng Lianggu, Su Yu and Chen Yi, Zhang Fuling140,000-200,000, the People's Liberation Army took the courage of the generals' heads from a million-strong army, annihilated 740 divisions and reorganized 30,000 people.

During the Liaoshen Campaign and Lin Biao period, 700,000-550,000 People's Liberation Army adopted the operational policy of giving priority to the Tang Dynasty and closing the door to beat dogs, annihilated 470,000 Kuomintang troops, and our army lost 69,000 people, thus liberating the whole Northeast.

The Battle of Jinan, the prelude to the strategic decisive battle of Su Yu-China War of Liberation.

In the Huaihai Campaign, 600,000-800,000 people's liberation troops from Su Yu, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Tan Zhenlin-Du broke through and annihilated the enemy in batches. In this battle, the Kuomintang army lost 550,000 people and the People's Liberation Army lost 6,543,800 people.

Zhu De, Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Nie Fu 1 10,000-600,000 People's Liberation Army adopted the tactics of "encircling without fighting" and "dividing without encircling" to peacefully liberate Peiping, and the Kuomintang army reorganized and annihilated 520,000 people, losing 39,000 people.

The battle of Changjin Lake, Song-Oliver Smith150,000 people. In the cold of MINUS 40 degrees, the volunteers of the two divisions defeated the enemy 1 Division of the US Marine Corps and the 7th Division of the US Infantry Division because of their strong fighting will. However, due to the lack of material strength, the US military managed to escape.

In the Battle of Shangganling, Wang Jinshan, Qin Jiwei, Li Desheng-70,000 people-60,000 people, our army retreated into the tunnel after losing ground positions, and the US military suffered heavy losses. Known as "Verdun on the Korean battlefield" and "meat grinder".

Foreign history

In the Battle of Austerlitz, Napoleon Kutuzov captured the central highlands from 73,000 to 87,000, and completely defeated the anti-French Coalition forces.

In the Battle of Vagram, Napoleon-Archduke Charles170,000-10/00,000 French troops stormed the front of the Austrian army and won with heavy casualties.

At the Battle of Waterloo, 72,000-68,000 British reinforcements from Napoleon Wellington arrived in time and defeated the French army, killing 60,000 people on three sides.

The Battle of the River Marne, the Battle of Fei Xia-Xiao Mo 1.08 million-900,000 Battle of the River Marne failed the German plan to outflank the French army, and Germany's quick-decision strategy on the western front went bankrupt.

In the Battle of Poland, guderian-Smiglelitz, 880,000-600,000 Nazi Germans conquered Poland with blitzkrieg tactics in one month, and Poland lost 600,000 people, while the Germans lost less than 40,000 people.

In the French War, manstein-Gamelin had 136 divisions-135 divisions. Germany avoided maginot line, adopted a circuitous way, and used armored clusters to attack the French mainland. France surrendered in five weeks.

Battle of Canny-Hannibal 40000 Infantry 10000 Cavalry Against Rome 80000 Infantry 6000 Cavalry. Hannibal used the half-moon array to expose the flank of the Roman army and break it in one fell swoop. Rome lost more than 70,000 people, while Hannibal lost only a few thousand.

Battle of Verdun-Germany and France invested millions of people. After more than ten hours of extremely fierce artillery bombardment, Germany launched a full-scale attack and was stopped by the French army. After the Germans lost the initiative, the French army launched a counterattack and successfully repelled the German offensive. The two sides participated in the war with many troops and suffered heavy casualties. The French army lost 543,000 people and the Germans lost 433,000 people.

The battle of Cresset-the British army is more than twenty thousand, and the French army is close to sixty thousand. The British army launched and made full use of the terrain advantages with strict organization, and repeatedly defeated the impact of the French heavy cavalry. The French army could not resist the loss and retreated. The British lost more than 200 people and the French lost15,000 people.

Ten Stalin assaults-1944, the Soviet army launched ten campaigns to break through the German defense line, and the Soviet-German front was shortened from 4,450 kilometers to 2,250 kilometers; The Germans lost 6.5438+0.6 million people, 6,700 tanks and self-propelled artillery, 28,000 artillery and mortars, and 6.5438+0.2 million aircraft: Finland, Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary withdrew from the war one after another.

reference data

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